虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式.说话人陈述的并不是事实.而是表达一种愿望.假设和猜测等.只有在非真实的条件句中才使用虚拟语气.如果假设的条件有可能实现.用真实条件句.如果假设的条件无法实现或实现的可能性很小.则用虚拟语气.使用虚拟语气的情况主要有下列几种:1. 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用 (1) if条件状语从句中的虚拟语气 非真实条件句表示不可能实现的或实现的可能性很小假设.条件句与主句皆须用虚拟语气.其虚拟语气的时态形式有三种: ①表示与现在事实相反的假设.从句的谓语动词用“动词过去式 .主句的谓语动词用“should +动词原形 .例如: If you were the UN Secretary General, could you stop the wars on the earth? If he had a chance, he would/should/ might/could choose to study abroad. ②表示与过去事实相反的假设.从句的谓语动词用“had+过去分词 .主句的谓语动词用“should +have+过去分词 . [记忆小窍门]可提到句首的词有三个:had, should和were.谐音记忆:一马当先“还属我 . ⑶含蓄虚拟条件句 有时.可不用条件句表示一个非真实的条件.而用一些介词短语或通过上下文中暗含某种非真实的条件.这种句子叫做“含蓄条件句 .例如: ①通过with, without, but for和动词不定式短语等表示虚拟的条件 She’d look better with shorter hair. =if she had her hair cut shorter Without your help, we could not have completed the task ahead of time. =If it had not been for your help- But for the heavy snow, I could have gone on holiday. =If there had not been the heavy snow- She would be shocked to hear the news. =If she heard the news- It would be easier to do it in this way. =If you did it in this way- ②句中含有or, or else, otherwise, but等词语.暗示句子的某一部分需用虚拟语气. He was on business in Beijing at that time; otherwise he might have helped us. Luckily Mary telephoned to inform me of the meeting, or would have been I absent. I should have attended my friend’s wedding ceremony, but I couldn’t afford the time. 2.虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用 ⑴在主语从句中. 在下面的几种情况下.谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形 ①It is+形容词+that-句型.常见的形容词有important, necessary, natural, funny, strange, surprising, astonishing等. ② It is +名词+that-句型.常见的名词有pity, shame, advice, suggestion, proposal. requirement, request, desire, order等. ③ It is+动词的过去分词+ that-句型.常见的动词有advise, order, propose, request, suggest, demand, require等. 在以上三种句型中.主语从句的谓语动词要用“should+动词原形 . should可省略.例如: It is important that we have a good knowledge of computer in modern times. It is necessary that these useful expressions be learnt by heart. It is a shame that children be forced to beg in the streets in the capital city. It's suggested that the school organize an outing when spring comes. It is required that middle-schools students take at least one-hour exercise every day. ⑵在下列动词后的宾语从句中.谓语动词用“should+动词原形 .should可省略.这类动词有:insist. order. request. demand.requiresuggest.propose , recommend 等. The captain insisted that the wounded soldier be sent to hospital at once. The policeman demanded the thief tell his name and address. Doctors strongly recommend that fathers be present at their baby's birth. If Li Ming had spent more time on her studies, she might/would/could/should have been admitted to Tsinghua University last year. [记忆小窍门]一个“坚持 和 催促 .二个“命令 . 三个“要求 . 四个“建议 . ⑶在含有advice, order, demand, proposal requirement, suggestion等名词的表语从句.同位语从句中.谓语动词用“should+动词原形 .should可省略. The governor gave order that the flood be controlled before dark. My suggestion is that the project be completed by the end of the year. 在一些名词性从句中.谓语动词用“should+动词原形 或“should +have done .表示惊讶.意志等感情色彩.译为“竟然.居然 . I am surprised /shocked that you should speak in such a way. I find it astonishing that he should be so rude to his mum. It is strange /surprising that she should not have been invited. I am glad that your story should have won the first prize. ⑷在wish后的宾语从句中 ①表示将来的愿望实现的可能性非常小.wish后的宾语从句的谓语动词用should/would/could/ might+动词原形. We wish the friendship between the two countries would last forever. ②表示与现在事实相反的愿望.宾语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时. ②He always wishes he were a millionaire and owned a big house and a sports car. ③表示与过去事实相反的愿望.宾语从句的谓语动词用过去完成时. ③How he wished he hadn’t wasted too much time on playing computer games while at school. ⑸在would rather/would prefer后的宾语从句中 在would rather/would prefer后的宾语从句中.常用过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反的愿望.用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望. ⑹在would rather/would prefer从句中 ①Frankly speaking, I would rather you came tomorrow. The manager isn’t available today. ②I would rather you had gone to the party with me last night. It was really wonderful. ③-Could I smoke here? -I'd prefer it if you didn’t smoke in front of the children. 【查看更多】
