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　　For nearly half a century, Mary Lasker, who died last week at 93, was America's leading crusader (社会活动参与者) against cancer. Yet much of the money she used to fight the disease came from a product which is now considered as a cancer cause—the cigarette.

　　Her fortune first took shape in 1992 when advertising genius Albert Lasker was trying to raise American Tobacco Co. sales.“Get women to smoke”, a friend suggested,“and you'll double your market.”Lakser hired actresses and opera singers to support Lasker Strikes. For women worried about extra pounds, he coined the word,“Reach for a Lucky instead of a Sweet.”Lucky Strike sales increased 312 percent in a year.

　　By the time he met Mary Woodard in 1939, Lasker was one of America's richest men, thanks to Luckier and ads that brought in orange juice, facial tissue and sanitary napkins.“What do you want most out of life?”he asked her. She replied,“To help to develop the research in cancer, tuberculosis (结核病) and the major diseases.”They got married, and in 1942 she persuaded him to retire and devote his time and money to philanthropy (慈善业), especially medical research, which then had little private funding (利息) and almost not any support from the government.

　　Albert's 1952 cancer death left Mary with one goal: a cancer cure. She sold off several painting—Matisses, Renoirs and Van Goghs—and gave the money to researchers. For ten years, she managed to persuade to give a high position to the National Institutes of Health. Result: NIT's funding rises quickly from $ 2.4 million in 1954 to nearly $ 11 billion in 1994. Richard Nixon, moved and encouraged by Lasker, declared a $ 100 million“War on cancer”and promised a cancer vaccine (疫苗) by 1976. That proved a different goal, but research has scored advances against several cancers. And Mary Lasker's advice remains a laboratory watchword:“If there are no leads, let us make them.”

1．The words“Reach for a Lucky instead of a Sweet”were coined by Albert Lasker for the purpose of ________.

[　　]

A．tempting(劝诱)women to smoke so as to lose weight

B．persuading women not to eat sweets

C．telling women to smoke Lucky Strikes only

D．advertising Lucky Strikes

2．Albert gained his fortune by ________.

[　　]

A．selling orange juice

B．producing facial tissue and napkins

C．running tobacco businesses

D．none of the above

3．The money Mary used to fight cancer was from ________.

[　　]

A．The Lucky Strikes Co.

B．the government

C．her husband

D．her parents

4．Mary Lasker died ________.

[　　]

A．of cancer

B．from poverty

C．of T. B.

D．not mentioned in the passage

WHEN an Iraqi journalist threw a shoe at former US President George W.Bush at a news conference last December,the president’s bodyguards quickly moved to protect him.

Those bodyguards were from the US Secret Service.Their job is to protect the president.Now America’s first black president Barack Obama also has the same people at his side.Here are some details about these mysterious men and women.?

History?

       ◇The Secret Service is known today for protecting public officials and their families.

However,when it began in 1865,it was started to protect money.A third to a half of all US money during the Civil War was fake (假的).President Abraham Lincoln created the United States Secret Service to find those responsibly.?

      ◇The first 25 presidents had no special protection.That changed after President William Mckinley was murdered in 1901.?

Who gets protection?

       About 30 people get full-time protection in the United States (more in an election year).

Included are:?

      ◇Presidents and vice-presidents and their wives,for up to 10 years after leaving office,and their children up to age 16.Anyone can decline protection after leaving office.Richard Nixon did.?   ◇Candidates for president and vice-?president,their wives and children at a cost of $500,000 a month for 30-plus special agents (特工).?

◇The Secretary of State,National Security Adviser and others.The Secret Service also protects 80 to 200 visiting foreign political leaders every year.?

       Getting around?

        Rules for president

      ◇Limousines (豪华轿车) that can withstand a missile are used.?

      ◇Entering and exiting are never done on a street.?

      ◇Exact travel plans are kept secret.?

      ◇Bulletproof reading stands for speeches are used.

Agent’s task

     ◇Teach the president how to wave and move.

     ◇Test his food for poison.?

     ◇Use special radio channels for the police and the Secret Service.?

     ◇Use X-ray checks before allowing entry to secure areas,and search bags.?

     ◇Check lists of hundreds of people known to be dangerous.?

     ◇Keep files on thousands of people who have made even vague threats.?

     ◇Be part of counter-sniper (反狙击) teams.

What’s the purpose of writing the passage??

    A. To tell us how to be a bodyguard.?

    B.To introduce the US Secret Service to us.?

    C.To give us some information about US

        presidents.?

    D.To inform us of the incident at a news

        conference. ?

  Which is the special agent’s task according to

    the US Secret Service??

    A. Have dinner with the president’s family.?

    B.Teach the president to behave politely in

        public.?

    C.Keep a record of possible murderers.?

    D.Check people carrying bags with X-ray.  

What do you know about the US Secret

    Service from the passage??

    A. It is made up of 30 people.?

    B.It protects only US presidents.?

    C.It is responsible for the safety of all

       Americans.?

    D.It was created to protect money.

   Which of the following can be inferred from

    the passage??

    A. The bodyguards from the US Secret

         Service have no privacy.?

    B.The US Secret Service bodyguards’ job is

       full of challenges.?

    C.No one knows the exact travel plan of

        presidents.?

    D.Every president in American history has a

        bodyguard. ?

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳答案．

　　Henry Kissinger may be the most successful Secretary of State (国务卿) to hold that office in modern times. When he was appointed in the late 1960s, there were no American ties with Communist China．Vietnam and Berlin seemed ready to draw the United States into a third world war, and Russia was seen as the “enemy”.

　　But all this has changed, and Henry Kissinger caused much of the change. In1971, he made his first trip to China, a trip that was the beginning of the present ties between the United States and China．He brought the United States and Russia closer together on major subjects by the policy he called “detente” literally meaning a relaxation. His philosophy was always to talk and to bring together. With these two policies, Kissinger did much to draw attention away from any possible Russian-American friction (摩擦). In 1973 he made his first visit to Egypt. Here he was able to begin U. S. relation with Egypt. He used this contact later to begin the sort of talks the American press called “shuttle diplomacy (穿梭外交)”. For ninety-nine days, he “shuttled” back and forth on flights between Cairo and Jerusalem to work out a step by step withdrawal (撤离) of Israeli troops from the Sinai desert. His wisdom, his careful approach to detail, and his presence made “shuttle diplomacy” work. It was the only successful approach to Mid-East peace in the thirty years since the state of Israel was founded.

　　 Another major work was the Strategies (战略的) Arms Limitation Talk. Though his term in office passed with the treaty unsigned, Kissinger left a draft (草案) of the treaty to which the Russians had already agreed．The SALT treaty spelled out a one-tenth reduction in nuclear arms, a great success by any standard, even if one does not consider all the other conditions and limitations included in the treaty.

    Even though he successfully helped bring an end to the Vietnam War, Kissinger's final days in office were affected, as was the entire government's branch in one way or another, by the scandals (丑闻) of the Nixon White House. Kissinger's critics (批评者们) point to his role in placing wiretaps on the phones of reporters and officials and to what they consider his “high-handed” approach to setting foreign policy. But Kissinger, during the last few months of the Nixon presidency, limited the effects of the American domestic (国内的) problems on its foreign policy. He continued talks in the Middle East. He continued close contact with the Soviet Union. History will decide in the final view, as Kissinger (and many presidents) often said, on the value of his service. Whatever they decide, whether his actions are finally to be considered wise of foolish, he had a personal vision that will be difficult to march.

(1)The main idea of the above passage is that ________.

[　　]

A．Kissinger helped smooth away the troubles of Watergate

B．Kissinger has great effect on American foreign policy

C．peace in the Middle-East would have been impossible without Kissinger

D．Kissinger helped end the cold war with Russia

(2)Kissinger's effort on the SALT treaty was most important because ________.

[　　]

A．it spelled out a one-tenth reduction in nuclear arms

B．the Russians had already agreed to it

C．it set a standard for nuclear missile (导弹) development

D．it helped stop the third world war

(3)We can conclude from the passage that ________.

[　　]

A．“shuttle diplomacy” greatly affected the SALT treaty

B．Watergate made Kissinger ineffective

C．some of the things that Kissinger began are still being worked out

D．Kissinger was not a humanitarian (人道主义者)

(4)Which of the following words best shows the author's tone in this passage?

[　　]

(5)The passage suggests that ________.

[　　]

A．Kissinger was driven by his own idea

B．Kissinger was unsuccessful in bringing about peace in the Middle East

C．Kissinger significantly changed the direction of international relationships

D．Kissinger was more important than the president during the Nixon Times