What is cloning? Are there different types of cloning?
_____71____ Actually, there are different technologies which can be used for other purpose besides producing the genetic twin of another organism. A basic understanding of the different types of cloning is key to talking an informed stance on current public policy issues and making the best possible personal decisions. The following three types of cloning technologies are usually performed; recombinant DNA technology or DNA cloning, reproductive cloning, and therapeutic cloning.
___72_____
Scientists have been cloning animals for many years. In 1952, the first animal, a tadpole, was cloned. ___73_____ Since Dolly, researchers have cloned a number of large and small animals including sheep, goats, cows, mice, pigs, cats, rabbits, and a gaur. ____74____
Hundreds of cloned animals exist today, but the number of different species is limited. ____75____ Some species may be more resistant to somatic cell nuclear transfer than others. The process of stripping the nucleus from an egg cell and replacing it with the nucleus of a donor cell is a traumatic one, and improvements in cloning technologies may be needed before many species can be cloned successfully.

A．What animals have been cloned?

B．All these clones were created using nuclear transfer technology

C．When the media report on cloning in the news, they are usually talking about only one type called reproductive cloning.

D．Recently Chinese scientists have also successfully cloned mammals such as an ox.

E.       Cloning is making a genetic copy of something else.
F.       Attempts at cloning certain species such as monkeys, chickens, horses, and dogs, have been unsuccessful.
G.       Before the creation of Dolly, the first mammal cloned from the cell of an adult animal, clones were created from embryonic cells.

    British scientists have done something that，many people thought，was impossible: they created the first clone of an adult mammal（哺乳动物）．The clone，named Dolly，is a seven-month-old sheep，grown from a cell of an adult female sheep.

    What is a clone? A clone is a copy—a genetic copy. Genes are the instructions for life. They tell a cell what to do and how to do it. Genes make each individual plant or animal different and unique. But a clone has the same genes as the original organism(生物体）．

    Cloning is not new. Plants have been cloned for centuries. New plants are often grown from cutting from another plant. Also，plants like pineapples，strawberries and carnations(康乃馨）are sometimes cloned. One benefit of cloning is that we can make many copies of the best and healthiest plants.

    It has been much more difficult to clone animals. Frogs have been cloned，but they died as tadpoles，never living long enough to become adult frogs，which made the scientists despondent. Mice，sheep and cattle have been cloned from embryos. But Dolly is the first healthy clone of an adult mammal. How did they do it?

    （1）An unfertilized egg was taken from a sheep.

    （2）The egg nucleus(细胞核）was removed.

    （3)A cell was taken from the udder(乳房）of a pregnant(怀孕的）sheep. It was“starved”，so that it stopped growing.

    （4）The two cells were combined into one，and then implanted in a third sheep，where it grew normally.

    （5）The clone was born. It was genetically identical to the pregnant sheep.

    This sounds much easier than it actually was. To end up with one clone，the scientists started with 277 udder cells. And they needed in a way to make the egg cell accept a new nucleus. They did that by starving the cell.

    It may soon be possible to clone many types of animals. Will we also be able to clone human organs，or even whole human beings? We have only begun to think about the morality of cloning technology. Maybe the question to ask is not whether we can clone humans，but instead，should we clone humans?

59. What can replace the underlined word“despondent” in the fourth paragraph?

A. calmed down          B. set down

C. cut down             D. cast down

60. Dolly is a sheep________because she is grown from a cell of an adult female sheep.

A. that has no father         B. that has no mother

C. that has no parents        D. that has no tail

61. According to the passage we can know that__________．

A. only plants can be cloned

B. only strawberries and carnations can sometimes be cloned

C. animals and plants have quite a long history of cloning

D. genes can tell a cell what to do and how to do it during cloning

62. From the fourth paragraph we can know that__________．

A. a tadpole is the early stage of a grown-up frog

B. a tadpole is a frog without a tail

C. a tadpole is a kind of animal

D. a tadpole is a clone of an adult mammal

What is cloning? Are there different types of cloning?

_____71____ Actually, there are different technologies which can be used for other purpose besides producing the genetic twin of another organism. A basic understanding of the different types of cloning is key to talking an informed stance on current public policy issues and making the best possible personal decisions. The following three types of cloning technologies are usually performed; recombinant DNA technology or DNA cloning, reproductive cloning, and therapeutic cloning.

___72_____

Scientists have been cloning animals for many years. In 1952, the first animal, a tadpole, was cloned. ___73_____ Since Dolly, researchers have cloned a number of large and small animals including sheep, goats, cows, mice, pigs, cats, rabbits, and a gaur. ____74____

Hundreds of cloned animals exist today, but the number of different species is limited. ____75____ Some species may be more resistant to somatic cell nuclear transfer than others. The process of stripping the nucleus from an egg cell and replacing it with the nucleus of a donor cell is a traumatic one, and improvements in cloning technologies may be needed before many species can be cloned successfully.

A．What animals have been cloned?

B．All these clones were created using nuclear transfer technology

C．When the media report on cloning in the news, they are usually talking about only one type called reproductive cloning.

D．Recently Chinese scientists have also successfully cloned mammals such as an ox.

E.       Cloning is making a genetic copy of something else.

F.       Attempts at cloning certain species such as monkeys, chickens, horses, and dogs, have been unsuccessful.

G.       Before the creation of Dolly, the first mammal cloned from the cell of an adult animal, clones were created from embryonic cells.

 

第二节 信息匹配（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）

请阅读下列应用文和相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。

首先请阅读下列商品信息：

A．WEBKINZ—Lion

Price: $6.99

Discover a virtual world with Webkinz pets. Webkinz animals come with a special Internet code so your child can interact with it online. The code lets you enter Webkinz World and bring your pet to life. Pet owners can name it, make it a home and even play games. Lion measures 10. Not recommended for children under 3.

B．Mattel Barbie As The Island Princess

Price:$ 19.99

In the upcoming DVD release, Barbie as The Island Princess, Barbie plays a special role as Princess Rosella. This beautiful doll comes to life as she sings two of her favorite songs from the movie and her dress transforms as “peacock feathers” fan out at the back of the dress when manually lifted. She also comes with Sagi, her loyal animal friend, and a pretty hairbrush to get her ready for the ball!

C．Hasbro Playskool Busy Ball Popper

Price: $18.88

Get ready for some popping’, dropping’ air-powered fun. Drop the five colourful balls onto the track. Watch them pop out of the top, roll down, then pop out all over again. Sometimes the ball spill over for even more interactive, put-and-take play. Silly sound effects and eight upbeat tunes accompany the animated action. This toy provides one “air-amazing” experience for your little one.

D．Learning Resources Inflatable Solar System Set

Price: $30.48

Explore your universe with this inflatable classroom set. Teach size and distance relationships of the planets, the moon and the sun. Learn rotation, revolution and orbit through class activities or demonstrations using this realistic looking set. Includes 36-inch sun, plus planets and moon in proportionate size from 8 inches to 22 inches. Also includes a foot pump, Teacher’s Activity Guide and hooks for easy hanging. Deflates easily for storage.

E. GROW-A-FROG

Price: $18.95

Watching a creature grow from birth to maturity is a special science lesson that most urban children seldom experience. The Grow A Frog kit comes with a see-through 3.5-by-4.5-inch plastic aquarium, a small bag of tadpole food and another of nutria-rocks, a piece of fake seaweed, and a detailed handbook with directions. Send in the mail-ready card and within a few weeks your child will receive a special tadpole grown in a Florida lab. It will bring fun for the whole family.

F. Leapfrog Leapster Learning Game System.

Price: $99.95

The Leapster Handheld Learning System teaches your child by playing with it! With one interactive system, children will educate themselves through action-packed learning games for reading, math, critical and creative thinking, story comprehension, vocabulary, and much more! Backlit screen for easy viewing. Headphone jack for quiet play.

下面是一些顾客的信息，请为他们选择相应的商品。

56．Thomas and his wife are both very busy with their jobs. They are worried about their son’s study

who is in Grade 1 now. They want to send him a present that can help him with his study while playing.

57．G. McCarthy wants to buy a present for her friend’s 12-month-old daughter. She’s learning to walk now and something colorful and funny may encourage her to walk more.

58．Martin has a six-year-old daughter and she is looking for a gift for her. Her daughter loves all the Barbie movies.

59．Rebecca wants to choose a Christmas present for her frog-loving 7-year-old boy. It will be great to find something that is fun and educational for the whole family and also provide a new pet for him.

60．D. Gulkis has a ten-year-old son. He wants to buy him a birthday present that will make nice decorations and will excite a child interested in astronomy.

请阅读下列应用文和相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。

首先请阅读下列商品信息：

A．WEBKINZ—Lion

Price: $6.99

Discover a virtual world with Webkinz pets. Webkinz animals come with a special Internet code so your child can interact with it online. The code lets you enter Webkinz World and bring your pet to life. Pet owners can name it, make it a home and even play games. Lion measures 10. Not recommended for children under 3.

B．Mattel Barbie As The Island Princess

Price:$ 19.99

In the upcoming DVD release, Barbie as The Island Princess, Barbie plays a special role as Princess Rosella. This beautiful doll comes to life as she sings two of her favorite songs from the movie and her dress transforms as “peacock feathers” fan out at the back of the dress when manually lifted. She also comes with Sagi, her loyal animal friend, and a pretty hairbrush to get her ready for the ball!

C．Hasbro Playskool Busy Ball Popper

Price: $18.88

Get ready for some popping’, dropping’ air-powered fun. Drop the five colourful balls onto the track. Watch them pop out of the top, roll down, then pop out all over again. Sometimes the ball spill over for even more interactive, put-and-take play. Silly sound effects and eight upbeat tunes accompany the animated action. This toy provides one “air-amazing” experience for your little one.

D．Learning Resources Inflatable Solar System Set

Price: $30.48

Explore your universe with this inflatable classroom set. Teach size and distance relationships of the planets, the moon and the sun. Learn rotation, revolution and orbit through class activities or demonstrations using this realistic looking set. Includes 36-inch sun, plus planets and moon in proportionate size from 8 inches to 22 inches. Also includes a foot pump, Teacher’s Activity Guide and hooks for easy hanging. Deflates easily for storage.

E. GROW-A-FROG

Price: $18.95

Watching a creature grow from birth to maturity is a special science lesson that most urban children seldom experience. The Grow A Frog kit comes with a see-through 3.5-by-4.5-inch plastic aquarium, a small bag of tadpole food and another of nutria-rocks, a piece of fake seaweed, and a detailed handbook with directions. Send in the mail-ready card and within a few weeks your child will receive a special tadpole grown in a Florida lab. It will bring fun for the whole family.

F. Leapfrog Leapster Learning Game System.

Price: $99.95

The Leapster Handheld Learning System teaches your child by playing with it! With one interactive system, children will educate themselves through action-packed learning games for reading, math, critical and creative thinking, story comprehension, vocabulary, and much more! Backlit screen for easy viewing. Headphone jack for quiet play.

下面是一些顾客的信息，请为他们选择相应的商品。

56．Thomas and his wife are both very busy with their jobs. They are worried about their son’s study

who is in Grade 1 now. They want to send him a present that can help him with his study while playing.

57．G. McCarthy wants to buy a present for her friend’s 12-month-old daughter. She’s learning to walk now and something colorful and funny may encourage her to walk more.

58．Martin has a six-year-old daughter and she is looking for a gift for her. Her daughter loves all the Barbie movies.

59．Rebecca wants to choose a Christmas present for her frog-loving 7-year-old boy. It will be great to find something that is fun and educational for the whole family and also provide a new pet for him.

60．D. Gulkis has a ten-year-old son. He wants to buy him a birthday present that will make nice decorations and will excite a child interested in astronomy.