把下列短语填入每个句子的空白处（注意所填短语的形式变化）：

play a …role (in)   because of   come up  such as   even if   play a …part (in)

 

1 Dujiangyan(都江堰) is still ___________in irrigation(灌溉) today.

2 That question ___________ at yesterday’s meeting.

3 Karl Marx could speak a few foreign languages, _________Russian and English.

4 You must ask for leave first __________ you have something very important.

5 The media _________ major ________ in influencing people’s opinions.

6 _________ years of hard work she looked like a woman in her fifties.

 

The infrastructure of a country is 　　　　 makes everything run smoothly， including things like transport， irrigation， electricity， postal service， telephones and schools.

A.that  B.what  C.which   D.as

 

The need to feed a growing population is putting much pressure on the world’s supply of water. With 97% of the world’s water too salty to be drunk or used in agriculture, the worldwide supply of water needs careful management, especially in agriculture. Although the idea of a water shortage seems strange to someone fortunate enough to live in a high rainfall country, many of the world’s agricultural industries experience constant water shortages.

Although dams can be built to store water for agricultural use in dry areas and dry seasons, the costs of water redistribution (重新分配) are very high. Not only is there the cost of the engineering itself, but there is also an environmental cost to be considered. Where valleys are flooded to create dams, houses are lost and wildlife homes destroyed. Besides, water may flow easily through pipes to fields, but it cannot be transported from one side of the world to the other. Each country must therefore rely on the management of its own water to supply its farming requirements.

This is particularly troubling for countries with agricultural industries in areas dependent on irrigation. In Texas, farmers’ overuse of irrigation water has resulted in a 25% reduction of the water stores. In the Central Valley area of southwestern USA, a huge water engineering project provided water for farming in dry valleys, but much of the water use has been poorly managed.

Saudi Arabia’s attempts to grow wheat in desert areas have seen the pumping of huge quantities of irrigation water from underground reserves. Because there is no rainfall in these areas, such reserves can only decrease, and it is believed that fifty years of pumping will see them run dry.

1..

. From the first two paragraphs we learn that __________.

A. much of the world’s water is available for use

B. people in high rainfall countries feel lucky

C. water can be easily carried through pipes across the world

D. the costs of water redistribution should be considered

2..

. Which of the following is true?

A. The underground water in Saudi Arabia might run out in 50 years.

B. Most industries in the world suffer from water shortages.

C. The water stores in Texas have been reduced by 75%.

D. Good management of water use resulted from the project in the Central Valley.

3..

 The text is mainly about __________.

A. water supply and increasing population

B. water redistribution and wildlife protection

C. water use management and agriculture

D. water shortages and environmental protection

4..

. What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows?

A. Approaches to handling the pressure on water supply.

B. Ways to reduce the costs of building dams.

C. Measures to deal with worldwide water shortages.

D. Steps to improving water use management.

 

FROM 1964 to 1978, Dazhai, with a population of 500, was the most famous village in China. Millions of Chinese came to the Shanxi village to visit its terraced fields (梯田) and "splendid" irrigation systems.

It was not until 1978 when Guo Fenglian, head of the village, paid a visit to the US that China's model village found how far it had fallen behind those in developed countries.

"I was astonished at their modern equipment in harvesting, which could even separate big tomatoes with small ones," said Guo. "American farmers' life quality also impressed me a lot. Every day they had two cups of milk, which is something we don't have even in our wildest dreams."

"We have to learn their advanced technology and administration for our own development," said then first Deputy Prime Minister Deng Xiaoping who was planning China's reform and opening up policy then. "Through opening our doors, we would not only take advantage of foreign funds (资金), but also create job opportunities and cultivate (培养) talents."

In 1978 Japanese electricity giant Panasonic (松下) came to China as the first foreign business to invest (投资) here and its success attracted other world brands into exploring the Chinese market. So far China has for 15 years taken in the world's second biggest foreign investment, following the US, to help set the country in a fast growth.

However, China's 30-year road of reform was not always smooth. Doubts on the reform began to rise at the end of the 1980s as many people worried the country would turn to capitalism (资本主义).

"The criterion for our judgment is whether it helps develop socialist productive forces, whether it helps increase the overall national strength of a socialist country, and whether it brings about better living standards," said Deng.

"China's reform and opening up is a unique success story. It has brought benefit to both China and the world," said William Keller, chief manager of a Swiss pharmaceutical (制药的) company.

1.Guo Fenglian was ______ at the sight of the modern equipment in harvesting when she visited the US in 1978. 

A. shocked     B. delighted C. excited         D. attracted

2.______ was the first big country to invest in China. 

A. America  B. Japan C. Swiss D. Panasonic

3.Many people have doubts about the reform ________. 

A. in 1978              B. in 1980        

C. in 1981              D. at the end of the 1980s

4.According to remarks by Deng, which one is NOT the criterion for judging the success or failure of our work in various fields?

A. whether it helps develop socialist productive forces.

B. whether it strengthens the overall capacity of the country.

C. whether it brings about better investment and more profit.

D. whether it improves the peoples living standards. 

 

As people slowly learn to cure diseases, control floods, prevent hunger, and stop wars, fewer people die every year. As a result, the population of the world is becoming larger. In 1925 there were about 2 billion people in the world; today there are over 6 billion.
When the number rises, extra mouths must be fed. New lands must be brought under development, or land already farmed must be made to produce more crops. In some areas the land is so over-developed that it will be difficult to make it provide more crops. In some areas the population is so large that the land is divided into too tiny units to make improvement possible with farming methods. If a large part of this farming population went into industrial work, the land might be farmed much more productively (多产地) with modern methods.
There is now a race for science, technology, and industry to keep the output of food rising faster than the number of people to be fed. New types of crops, which will grow well in bad weather, are being developed, so there are now farms beyond the Arctic Circle in Siberia and North America. Irrigation (灌溉) and dry-farming methods bring poor lands under the plough. Dams hold back the waters of great rivers, which can provide water for the fields in all seasons and provide electric power for new industries. Industrial chemistry provides fertilizer to suit different soils. Every year, some new methods are made to increase or to protect the food of the world.
【小题1】The author says that the world population is increasing because _____.

A．there are many rich valleys and large fields

B．farmers are producing more crops than before

C．people are living longer due to better living conditions

D．new lands are being made into farmlands

【小题2】The author says that in areas with large populations, land might be more productively farmed if _____. 

A．the land was divided into smaller pieces

B．people moved into the countryside

C．industrial methods were used in farming

D．the units of land were much larger

【小题3】We are told that there are now farms beyond the Arctic Circle. This has been made possible by _____. 

A．growing new types of crops

B．irrigation and dry-farming means

C．providing fertilizers

D．destroying pests and diseases

【小题4】Why is the land divided into tiny units in some areas?

A．There are too many people living there.

B．It saves more natural resources there.

C．It prevents crops from serious diseases there.

D．Farmers can grow various kinds of crops there.

【小题5】Why do some people use dams to hold back waters from great rivers? 

A．To develop a new kind of dry-farming methods.

B．To prevent crops from floods.

C．To provide water and electricity in all seasons.

D．To water poor lands in bad weather.