How Women Were Freed From Their Homes
As late as 1800, a woman’s only place was in her home. Women in business were unheard of. No respectable woman would dream of entering what was strictly a “man’s world”. Even if she would, what could she do? Men were sure that no woman could do a job well outside her home. This was a widely accepted idea. When the famous Bronte sisters began writing books in 1846, they had to resort to using men’s names as aliases.
Teaching was the first profession opened to women, soon after 1800. But even that was not easy for women to take because most high schools and colleges were open only to men. Oberlin College in Ohio was the first college in America to take in women.
Nursing was regarded as a respectable profession for women only after Florence Nightingale won high credit for her nursing career and became famous. Miss Nightingale opened the first training school for nursing in 1860 in England.
The invention of typewriters in 1867 helped to bring women out of their homes to join the business world. Because women are careful and have nimble fingers, businessmen found that they were well suited to this kind of work.
By 1890, tens of thousands of women were working in schools, hospitals, shops, offices, and factories both in England and the States. Some even managed to become doctors or lawyers. The idea of women working in business and other circles was accepted.
【小题1】Oberlin College was the first college in America _______.

A．where teaching was a profession only open to women

B．where girls could get advanced education

C．to train women to be teachers and nurses

D．to accept women only as professors and students

【小题2】 It can be inferred from the text that besides nursing, Florence Nightingale was also ______.

A．a doctor

B．a lawyer

C．a teacher

D．a businessman

【小题3】Quite a lot of women entered the business world _______

A．soon after 1800	B．when Nightingale became famous
C．at the beginning of this century	D．after the typewriter came into being

Directions： Read the following passage. Complete the diagram by using the information for the passage.

Write NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS for each answer.

The contemporary environmental movement is often said to have begun with the publication of Silent Spring by the zoologist and biologist Rachel Carson (1907–1964). This landmark work, which took Carson 4 years to complete, diligently detailed the relationship between animal death  and the use— now understood as the abuse—of man-made chemicals used as pesticides, especially DDT. One of the claims of the book that she tried to demonstrate was that DDT had the effect of softening the eggshells of birds as well as interfering with their reproduction, and that such effects would lead to their extinction if use of DDT were to continue. It would eventually create a springtime of silence when the songs of birds would not be heard. Her studies also found DDT to be a cause of human cancers.

Born in Springdale, Pennsylvania, Carson graduated from the Pennsylvania College for Women in Pittsburgh (now Chatham College), where she majored in English until her junior year, when a course in biology inspired her to switch to zoology as her field of concentration. She earned a master’s degree in this area from Johns Hopkins University and became a biologist at the Bureau of Fisheries in 1936. During this time, she wrote for various national magazines, and her first book, Under the Sea-Wind, was published. Carson had concerns as early as 1945 about pesticides being used more and more by the government. But her cautionary claims in Silent Spring were met with anger by the pesticide and chemical industries. Her authority as a scientist were challenged, and it was held that her findings were just the roars of a hysterical(歇斯底里的) woman. She was even accused of being a member of the Communist Party. Some go so far as to say that she told a lie .

But She is often celebrated as the founder of the contemporary U.S. environmental movement. Yet her work in Silent Spring, warning about the misuse of pesticides and other chemicals, has not as yet taken firm hold. Americans likely use twice as much the volume of pesticides that they did at the time she published her seminal work, and globally, their use is ever increasing. Powerful pesticides are sold over the counter, and their use is so widespread that many environmentalists are fearful that chemical runoff into streams and rivers is still popullting the animals that humans eat and the water that they drink.

In short, while the main purpose of Silent Spring was to warn the public of the dangers of the overuse of pesticides and chemicals, nonetheless the public hasn’t refused such use. Isn't it time that we firmly said no to pesticides?

 

    A recent announcement by scientists that they have successfully cloned the first human embryo has caused much debate and has shocked many people around the world. On the one hand，some scientists point out that if you clone an embryo，you can produce valuable tissues(组织）and organs that could be used to save human lives. On the other hand，many people，including some scientists, disagree and fear that if mankind interferes with（干涉）nature in this way，they may be on their way to producing a real-life Frankenstein’s monster.

    Cloning is producing an exact copy of a plant or an animal using its cells. The first mammal to be cloned successfully from an adult cell was Dolly the sheep. She was born in 1996 and died in early 2003，at a much younger age than normal. When she was born，many people were angry because they thought cloning would create more disease in the animal world. However，in general the scientists were praised for their wonderful scientific breakthrough.

    The Scottish scientist who created Dolly，Ian Wilmut，is shocked that some scientists are now considering cloning human beings. Although he researches cloning，his intention has never been to create copies of humans. Instead，he thinks research efforts should concentrate on creating new tissues and organs that could eventually be used to cure diseases like cancer. However，some people consider that cloning human embryos with the intention of destroying them shows no respect for human life.

    While cloning human embryos is illegal in many countries，some scientists are already pushing ahead with research so as to deliver a cloned human baby. Severino Antinori，an Italian doctor，is one of the leaders in this kind of research. He has declared that he wants to be the first to clone a human being.

    In China，scientists have focused their efforts on cloning animals，as well as stern cells to be used in medical research. China has succeeded in producing clones of cows and goats，and continues to research ways in which cloning can benefit mankind.

51. Which of the following statements about cloning is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Cloning technology can only be applied to animals.

B. A cloned animal can live longer than a normal one.

C. People all over the world are happy about the birth of Dolly.

D. Cloning can produce valuable tissues and organs to cure human diseases.

52. The reasons why people are anti-cloning include the following EXCEPT that_______.

A. cloning may produce a real-life Frankenstein’s monster

B. cloning might create more disease in the animal world

C. cloning can’t help those who want to clone their dead children

D. cloning human embryos shows no respect for human life

53. Who is in favor of cloning human beings?

A. Ian Wilmut.        B. Severino Antinori.

C. The author.        D. The Chinese scientists.

54. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?

A. If we interfere with nature, we will change the world to be what we want.

B. It is impossible to clone babies for women who cannot have ones.

C. Cloning human beings is illegal in many countries，so no scientists want to do so.

D. Whether cloning human embryos is legal or not remains a matter of debate.

Peter, Anna, Celia和Allan正在讨论参加一个学生趣味俱乐部。阅读下面五个学生趣味俱乐部的介绍（选项A、B、C、D和E ），选出符合个人需求的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项涂黑。选项中有一项是多余选项。

57. Peter wants to swim at 9 a.m. on Saturdays.

58. Anna wants to ride horses.

59. Celia needs inexpensive temporary accommodation.

60. Allan is interested in amateur theatricals.

A.    Overseas Visitors Club

Membership is open to young people ( aged 25 or under ) from all countries. Temporary accommodation is availabe at reduced rates for members. The club organizes a wide variety of activities, including parties, discos, visits to theatres, and excursions to places of interest in the Berkbridge area. These activities are free or offered at low prices.

The club has a centre for assisting overseas visitors and students find temporary and part-time work. The center has a job database, and fax, copier and computer facilities availabe for members.

For more information, telephone 81—03277841

B. Schiller Center

Set up by the German community in Berkbridge, the Center provides German language and culture classes for foreigners. It also offers accommodation for Europeans aged 18—30.

The Center also runs an advice service to help members with visa, work permit and general welfare information.

Membership: 30 pounds a year, plus five pounds per month.

C. YMCA / YWCA

Two adjoining buildings----one for men ( YMCA ); one for women ( YWCA ). Weekly groups are organized for photography, art, drama and dancing. There are squash and tennis courts in each building. Both buildings share a swimming pool. The Card Room offers playing card and chess facilities.

Hours: Weekdays 8:00—23:00   Weekends 10:00—20:00

Membership fees: Aged 16—27, 15 pounds per year, plus 50 pence per visit.

Aged over 27, 20 pounds per year, no extra charge per visit.

D. Outdoors Club

This club organizes a wide range of open-air activities, including mountain climbing, hiking, horseback riding, canoeing and skiing. Membership is open to all, but physically fit young people are especially welcome.

Membership: 25 pounds in the summer ( April—September ), 50 pounds in the winter ( October—March )

E. Students Club

This club is open to all students, whether domestic or overseas. The club building has bars, restaurants, swimming pool, gymnasium, TV lounge and sauna. There is no membership fee; just show your student card at the door.

Opening hours: Weekdays 8:00—23:00, Weekends 9:00—20:00.

 

 

 1 Year, 47 Issues

Cover Price: $217.87

Your Price: $47.00

 

About The New Yorker Magazine:

The New Yorker is the eclectic magazine for readers interested in the arts, current events, and culture. The New Yorker includes articles on domestic and international news, exploring current ideas and trends, plus sports, fashion, and entertainment events. In addition, The New Yorker is well known for publishing outstanding short fiction and cartoons with an ironic twist.

 

1 Year, 12 Issues

Cover Price: $68.89

Your Price: $15.96

 

About Playboy Magazine:

Playboy is a magazine of literature, political thought, sports, commentary and humor. Although Playboy is most well-known for its pictorials (插图)of beautiful women, it is also highly regarded for its interviews and fiction writing. Playboy includes regular feature articles on finance, sports, self-improvement, technology, and psychology. You must be 18 or older to order Playboy.

 

1 Year, 10 Issues

Cover Price: $39.90

Your Price: $23.00

 

About Nick Magazine:

Nick is filled with wonderful entertainment for children, ages 6 to 14. It is wholesome (对身心有益的), imaginative, and truly from a child’s point of view. Nick sees the world from your child’s perspective (视角). Share the award-winning entertainment and humor magazine from Nick with your kids.

 

  

1 Year, 12 Issues

Cover Price: $35.40

Your Price: $15.00

 

About Lucky Magazine:

Lucky is the ultimate shopping magazine with the best looks, the best buys, and the best trends before they hit the stores. But what makes it really unique is all the detailed information you’ll get on how to purchase the merchandise (商品) you’ll find. Lucky provides you with 800 numbers, web site addresses, and more to make your shopping experience easy and convenient! Lucky is your one-stop shopping guide to all the greatest new products on the market. What’s more, it provides wonderful entertainment for women.

1.Which magazine gives buyers the cheapest price according to the advertisements?

    A. The New Yorker           B. Playboy     C. Nick         D. Lucky

2.What is the striking feature of the Lucky magazine?

    A. It supplies much entertainment for women and children.

    B. It contains many outstanding novels and cartoons.

    C. It is famous for beautiful pictures of beautiful women.

    D. There’s much detailed information on how to find new products on the market.

3.If you are a housewife, which magazine will you probably buy?

    A. A. The New Yorker        B. Lucky            C. Nick         D. Playboy

4.What information is contained in all the four magazines?

A. Sports                   B. Entertainment    C. News         D. Trends