A Charlotte, N.C., man was charged with first-degree murder of a 79-year-old woman whom police said he scared to death. In an attempt to evade policemen after a bank robbery, the Associated Press reports that 20-year-old Larry Whitfield broke into the home of Mary Parnell. Police say he didn’t touch Parnell but that she died after suffering a heart attack that was caused by terror. Can the guy be held responsible for the woman’s death? Prosecutors(公诉人) said that he can under the state’s murder rule, which allows someone to be charged with murder if he or she causes another person’s death while committing or fleeing from a severe crime like robbery—even if he or she doesn’t kill someone on purpose.

But, medically speaking, can someone actually be frightened to death? We asked Martin Samuels, chairman of the neurology department at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston.

Absolutely, no question about it.

The body has a natural protective method called the fight-or-flight response(战或逃反应), which was originally described by Walter Cannon，the chairman of Harvard University’s physiology department from 1906 to 1942. If, in the wild, an animal is faced with a life-threatening situation, the autonomic nervous system responds by increasing heart rate, increasing blood flow to the muscles, and slowing digestion, among other things. All of this increases the chances of succeeding in a fight or running away from an aggressive beast. This process certainly would be of help to primitive humans. However, in the modern world there is obvious decline of the fight-or-flight response.

The autonomic nervous system uses the chemical messenger to send signals to various parts of the body to activate the fight-or-flight response. This chemical is toxic in large amounts; it damages the organs such as the heart, lungs, liver and kidneys. It is believed that almost all sudden deaths are caused by damage to the heart. There is almost no other organ that would fail so fast as to cause sudden death. Kidney failure, liver failure, those things don’t kill you suddenly.

By the way, any strong positive or negative emotions such as happiness or sadness can cause the same result. There are people who have died in intercourse or in religious passion. There was a case of a golfer who hit a hole in one, turned to his partner and said, “I can die now”, and then he dropped dead. For about seven days after the 9/11 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon there was an increase of sudden cardiac death among New Yorkers.

1.Why the Charlotte, N.C., man was charged?

A. Because he threatened the policemen to kill an old woman.

B. Because he caused an old woman’s terror and she died.

C. Because he beat an old woman and caused her heart attack

D. Because he murdered an old woman while robbing a bank.

2. What is Martin Samuels’ attitude to the possibility of being frightened to death?

A. Approval.              B. Disapproval.                  C. Doubtful.          D. Indifferent.

3.Which of the following about the fight-or-flight response is true?

A. The fight-or-flight response was raised and proved by Martin A. Samuels.

B. It is a natural protective method that can’t be found in all creatures but humans.

C. The ancient humans had a superior fight-or-flight response than modern ones.

D. The fight-or-flight response is beneficial to both our actions and organs.

4. What activity can we infer is less likely to damage the organs?

A. Winning a big lottery.                               B. Missing a dead family.

C. Watching a horror movie.                            D. Listening to a sweet song.

5.The purpose of the passage is_________.

A. to explain why people will die of a heart attack

B. to offer some advice on protecting us from heart failure

C. to compare different kinds of feelings to cause a death

D. to show strong emotions can cause a sudden death

A Charlotte, N.C., man was charged with first-degree murder of a 79-year-old woman whom police said he scared to death. In an attempt to evade policemen after a bank robbery, the Associated Press reports that 20-year-old Larry Whitfield broke into the home of Mary Parnell. Police say he didn’t touch Parnell but that she died after suffering a heart attack that was caused by terror. Can the guy be held responsible for the woman’s death? Prosecutors(公诉人) said that he can under the state’s murder rule, which allows someone to be charged with murder if he or she causes another person’s death while committing or fleeing from a severe crime like robbery—even if he or she doesn’t kill someone on purpose.

But, medically speaking, can someone actually be frightened to death? We asked Martin Samuels, chairman of the neurology department at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston.

Absolutely, no question about it.

The body has a natural protective method called the fight-or-flight response(战或逃反应), which was originally described by Walter Cannon，the chairman of Harvard University’s physiology department from 1906 to 1942. If, in the wild, an animal is faced with a life-threatening situation, the autonomic nervous system responds by increasing heart rate, increasing blood flow to the muscles, and slowing digestion, among other things. All of this increases the chances of succeeding in a fight or running away from an aggressive beast. This process certainly would be of help to primitive humans. However, in the modern world there is obvious decline of the fight-or-flight response.

The autonomic nervous system uses the chemical messenger to send signals to various parts of the body to activate the fight-or-flight response. This chemical is toxic in large amounts; it damages the organs such as the heart, lungs, liver and kidneys. It is believed that almost all sudden deaths are caused by damage to the heart. There is almost no other organ that would fail so fast as to cause sudden death. Kidney failure, liver failure, those things don’t kill you suddenly.

By the way, any strong positive or negative emotions such as happiness or sadness can cause the same result. There are people who have died in intercourse or in religious passion. There was a case of a golfer who hit a hole in one, turned to his partner and said, “I can die now”, and then he dropped dead. For about seven days after the 9/11 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon there was an increase of sudden cardiac death among New Yorkers.

Why the Charlotte, N.C., man was charged?

A. Because he threatened the policemen to kill an old woman.

B. Because he caused an old woman’s terror and she died.

C. Because he beat an old woman and caused her heart attack

D. Because he murdered an old woman while robbing a bank.

What is Martin Samuels’ attitude to the possibility of being frightened to death?

A. Approval.        B. Disapproval.             C. Doubtful.     D. Indifferent.

Which of the following about the fight-or-flight response is true?

A. The fight-or-flight response was raised and proved by Martin A. Samuels.

B. It is a natural protective method that can’t be found in all creatures but humans.

C. The ancient humans had a superior fight-or-flight response than modern ones.

D. The fight-or-flight response is beneficial to both our actions and organs.

What activity can we infer is less likely to damage the organs?

A. Winning a big lottery.                   B. Missing a dead family.

C. Watching a horror movie.                 D. Listening to a sweet song.

The purpose of the passage is_________.

A. to explain why people will die of a heart attack

B. to offer some advice on protecting us from heart failure

C. to compare different kinds of feelings to cause a death

D. to show strong emotions can cause a sudden death

第二节完型填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36—55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上涂黑。
A loving person lives in a loving world．A hostile （敌意的） person lives in a hostile world．Everyone you meet is your mirror．
Mirrors have a very particular    36  ．They reflect the image in front of them．Just as a
37  mirror works as the vehicle to reflection,    38   do all of the people in our lives．
When we see something beautiful such as a flower garden, that garden    39   a reflection When we love someone, it's a（n）    40   of loving ourselves．We have often heard things like "I love how I am when I'm with that person．" That simply    41   into "I'm able to love me when I love that other person．"    42   , when we meet someone new, we feel as though we "click"．Sometimes it's as if we've    43   each other for a long time．That feeling can come from    44   similarities．
Just as the "mirror" or other person can be a positive reflection, it is more likely that we'll
45   it when it has a negative connotation（内涵）．    46  ．it's easy to remember times when we have met someone we're not particularly    47  about．We may have some criticism （批评） in our mind about the    48  ．This is especially true when we get to know someone with whom we would rather spend    49  time．
Oftentimes, when we    50   qualities in other people, ironically（讽刺地）, it's usually the mirror that's    51  to us．
At times we meet someone   52   and feel distant, disconnected, or disgusted．   53   we don't want to believe it, and it's not easy or    54   to look further, it can be a great learning lesson to    55   what part of the person is being reflected in you．It's simply just another way to create more self-awareness．
36．A．target       B．style        C．function    D．color
37．A．medical    B．physical    C．chemical       D．mental
38．A．so   B．then  C．nor   D．neither
39．A．focuses on       B．applies to      C．works with       D．serves as
40．A．reward     B．evaluation       C．reflection        D．example
41．A．grows       B．translates  C．enters       D．falls
42．A．Obviously       B．Strangely      C．Fortunately      D．Frequently
43．A．known      B．supported  C．observed   D．recognized
44．A．creating    B．lacking     C．sharing     D．comparing
45．A．ignore      B．keep  C．take   D．notice
46．A．In brief    B．In addition       C．For example    D．As usual
47．A．crazy B．anxious     C．upset D．concerned
48．A．time  B．mirror      C．garden      D．person
49．A．less   B．amazing    C．more D．valuable
50．A．appreciate B．dislike      C．describe    D．discover
51．A．shouting   B．shining     C．speaking   D．pointing
52．A．new  B．nervous    C．familiar    D．friendly
53．A．If      B．Although  C．Since D．Once
54．A．terrible     B．noble C．reliable     D．desirable
55．A．figure out B．take out    C．put out     D．give out

When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of your anger. But forgiveness is possible and it can be surprisingly  36  to your physical and  37   health.

"People who forgive  38  less depression, anger and stress and more hopefulness," says Frederic Luskin, Ph.D.,  39  of Forgive for Good. "So it can help  40  on the .wear and tear on our organs, reduce the wearing out of the immune system and  41  people to feel more vital."

So how do you start the forgiveness? Try  42  these steps:

Calm yourself. To defuse (缓解) your  43  and try a simple stress-management technique.

"Take a couple of breaths and think of  44  that gives you pleasure: a  45  scene in nature, someone you love," Luskin says.

Don't  46  an apology. "Many times the person who hurt you has no  47  of apologizing," Luskin says. "They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don't see things the same  48  . So if you wait for people to apologize ,you could be waiting a(n)  49  long time. "Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean  50  to the person who upsets you.

Take the control away from your offender. Mentally replaying your  51  gives power to the person who caused you pain. " 52  of focusing on your hurt feelings, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness  53  you," Luskin says.

Try to see things from the other person's perspective (立场；视角). If you empathize (有同感) with that person, you may  54  that he or she was acting out of ignorance, fear even love.

Recognize the benefits of forgiveness. Research has shown that people who forgive report more energy, better  55  and better sleep patterns. Don't forget to forgive yourself. "For some people, forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge," Luskin says.

"But it can rob you of your self-confidence if you don't do it. "

A Charlotte, N.C., man was charged with first-degree murder of a 79-year-old woman whom police said he scared to death. In an attempt to evade policemen after a bank robbery, the Associated Press reports that 20-year-old Larry Whitfield broke into the home of Mary Parnell. Police say he didn’t touch Parnell but that she died after suffering a heart attack that was caused by terror. Can the guy be held responsible for the woman’s death? Prosecutors(公诉人) said that he can under the state’s murder rule, which allows someone to be charged with murder if he or she causes another person’s death while committing or fleeing from a severe crime like robbery—even if he or she doesn’t kill someone on purpose.

But, medically speaking, can someone actually be frightened to death? We asked Martin Samuels, chairman of the neurology department at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston.

Absolutely, no question about it.

The body has a natural protective method called the fight-or-flight response(战或逃反应), which was originally described by Walter Cannon，the chairman of Harvard University’s physiology department from 1906 to 1942. If, in the wild, an animal is faced with a life-threatening situation, the autonomic nervous system responds by increasing heart rate, increasing blood flow to the muscles, and slowing digestion, among other things. All of this increases the chances of succeeding in a fight or running away from an aggressive beast. This process certainly would be of help to primitive humans. However, in the modern world there is obvious decline of the fight-or-flight response.

The autonomic nervous system uses the chemical messenger to send signals to various parts of the body to activate the fight-or-flight response. This chemical is toxic in large amounts; it damages the organs such as the heart, lungs, liver and kidneys. It is believed that almost all sudden deaths are caused by damage to the heart. There is almost no other organ that would fail so fast as to cause sudden death. Kidney failure, liver failure, those things don’t kill you suddenly.

By the way, any strong positive or negative emotions such as happiness or sadness can cause the same result. There are people who have died in intercourse or in religious passion. There was a case of a golfer who hit a hole in one, turned to his partner and said, “I can die now”, and then he dropped dead. For about seven days after the 9/11 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon there was an increase of sudden cardiac death among New Yorkers.

1. Why the Charlotte, N.C., man was charged?

A. Because he threatened the policemen to kill an old woman.

B. Because he caused an old woman’s terror and she died.

C. Because he beat an old woman and caused her heart attack

D. Because he murdered an old woman while robbing a bank.

2. What is Martin Samuels’ attitude to the possibility of being frightened to death?

A. Approval.         B. Disapproval.             C. Doubtful.     D. Indifferent.

3. Which of the following about the fight-or-flight response is true?

A. The fight-or-flight response was raised and proved by Martin A. Samuels.

B. It is a natural protective method that can’t be found in all creatures but humans.

C. The ancient humans had a superior fight-or-flight response than modern ones.

D. The fight-or-flight response is beneficial to both our actions and organs.

4. What activity can we infer is less likely to damage the organs?

A. Winning a big lottery.                    B. Missing a dead family.

C. Watching a horror movie.                  D. Listening to a sweet song.

5. The purpose of the passage is_________.

A. to explain why people will die of a heart attack

B. to offer some advice on protecting us from heart failure

C. to compare different kinds of feelings to cause a death

D. to show strong emotions can cause a sudden death