Want to stay away from colds? Put on a happy face.

Compared to unhappy people, those who are cheerful and relaxed are less likely to suffer from colds, according to a new study. It’s possible that being happy helps the body fight illnesses, say the researchers from New York University.

“It seems that positive(积极的) feelings may reduce (减少)the danger of illness,” said the study’s chief researcher Sheldon Cohen.

In an earlier study, Cohen found that people who were cheerful and lively caught coughs and colds less often. People who showed feelings were also less likely to tell their doctors that they felt ill.

In this study, Cohen’s interviewed 193 adults every day for two weeks. During the interviews, the people told researchers about were given colds by doctors and had to stay alone in a room for six days.

The results showed that everyone in the study was equally(相等地) likely to get ill. Buy for people who said they felt happy during the research period, their illness are less serious and lasted for a shorter time.

Cohen believes that when people experience positive feelings, their body may produce a chemical that helps fight illness and disease. So if you are worried abut your health, look on the bright side more often.

1. What did the study find?

A．People who felt happy never got ill.

B．People’s feelings didn’t influence their health.

C．People with good feelings became ill more easily.

D．People with positive feelings had less serious illnesses.

2.According to Cohen, which of the following may help fight illness?

A．Eating.            B．Crying.            C．Laughing.          D．Sleeping.

3.This passage is a/an          .

A．advertisement                         B．newspaper report

C．story                                 D．scientist’s diary

4.What is the best title for this passage?

A．Smiles can fight colds

B．Cause of colds found

C．The danger of colds

D．How people get sick

 

Can you imagine traveling to work in a one – man submarine? Some scientists believe that some day one – man submarines will be as many as automobiles are today．A famous French driver says, “One day soon, men will walk on the ocean floor as they do on the street!” Perhaps during your lifetime people will travel, and live in the sea．

If human beings want to live in the ocean, many human problems will need to be studied first.

Some of these problems, similar to those of living in outer space, are pressure, lack of oxygen and weightlessness. Many questions are still unanswered．For example, can our blood make itself fit for underwater surroundings? What will happen to our muscle if we live in the water very long? Scientists are looking for answers．

Perhaps in the future man will live in the sea, away from the crowded and noisy cities on land．Then sea has plenty of space, not only for floating living buildings and parks, but also for storing supplies and for underwater travel．

Some scientists believe that ocean living will benefit man in more than physical ways. In the freedom and beauty of the deep sea, man may find new sources of joy．

 

1.What can we do if we live in the ocean?  (    )

A．We can have plenty of oxygen．

B．We can be fit to live in the water very well．

C．We needn’t worry about things like weightlessness．

D．We can travel and work in the sea．

2.Why do some people hope to leave cities to live in the sea? Because_____．  (    )

A．people think they can live crowdedly in the sea

B．people wish to go the quiet seafloor to travel for several days

C．people want to break away from the crowded and noisy cities where they live now

D．only in this way can people get rid of noise pollution

3.In what ways could ocean living be helpful for man?  (    )

A．People can swim freely as much as possible．

B．People can be interested in the new pleasure there isn’t anywhere else．

C．The sea can supply people with enough foods and other things, so people needn’t work．

D．People can go boating and go to the park as often as possible．

4.Which of the following is the similar problem as that of living in outer space?  (    )

A．We are short of oxygen．

B．We are not familiar with the underwater surrounding．

C．We may die of weightlessness．

D．We can finds new joys．

5.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?  (    )

A．The scientists have not solved the problem of weightlessness underwater．

B．The scientists have solved the problem of weightlessness when man live in space．

C．Some scientists believe that ocean living will benefit man in no more than physical ways．

D．Sea has plenty of space only for floating living buildings and parks．

 

When Gretchen Baxter gets home from work as a New York City book editor, she checks her Blackberry (黑莓手机) at the door. ‘I think we are attached to these devices in a way that is not always positive,’ says Baxter，who’d rather focus at home on her husband and 12-year-old daughter. ‘It’s there and it beckons (召唤). That’s human nature (but)…we kind of get crazy sometimes and we don’t know where it should stop.’

Americans are connected at unprecedented (前所未有的) levels一93% now use cell phones or wireless devices；one third of those are ‘smart phones’ that allow users to browse the Web and check e-mail，among other things. The benefits are obvious: checking messages on the road，staying in touch with friends and family，efficiently using time once spent waiting around. The downside：often，we’re effectively disconnecting from those in the same room.

That's why，despite all the technology that makes communicating easier than ever，2010 was the Year We Stopped Talking to One Another. From texting at dinner to posting on Facebook from work or checking e-mail while on a date，the connectivity revolution is creating a lot of divided attention，not to mention social anxiety. Many analysts say it's time to step back and reassess.

‘What we’re going to see in the future is new opportunities for people to be plugged in and connected like never before,’ says Scott Campbell. ‘It can be a good thing，but I also see new ways the traditional social fabric (社会结构) is getting somewhat torn apart.’

Our days are filled with beeps and pings·----many of which pull us away from tasks at hand or face-to-face conversations. We may feel that the distractions are too much，but we can’t seem to stop posting，texting or surfing.

‘We're going through a period of adjustment and rebalancing,’ says Sherry Turkle and she wants to remind people that technology can be turned off.

‘Our human purposes are to really have connections with people,’ she says. ‘We have to reclaim it. It’s not going to take place by itself.’

 

1.What can be the best title for the passage?

    A. 2010: The year technology developed quickly.

B. 2010: The year technology sped up our life pace.

    C. 2010: The year technology replaced talking.     

D. 2010: The year technology made communicating easier.

2.According to Paragraph l，Gretchen Baxter thinks_________.

A. the new technology always influences people’s life in a positive way

    B. the new technology is so tempting that she could even put her daughter and husband behind

    C. it is encouraging to see progress on the new technology every year

    D. people are too dependent on the new technology to let go

3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

   A. The wide use of mobile devices has nothing to do with the ‘traditional social fabric’.

    B. Mobile devices play a less important part in American life.

    C. Mobile devices create a lot of divided attention and social anxiety.

    D. Many analysts speak highly of the wide popularity of mobile devices.

4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A. Something must be done to get connection with people in reality again·

        B. Using mobile services can help people get connection with each other.

        C. Mobile services have a strong impact on people’s life.

        D. The connection with people can happen naturally.

 

Can we turn negative thoughts like “I never do anything right” into positive ones like “I can succeed”? Is there power in positive thinking?

Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply emphasize how unhappy they are．

The study’s authors, Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by referring to older research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse, not better．If you tell your friend that he may be an Einstein, you’re just underlining his faults．In one 1990s experiment, a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton asked participants to write passages opposing funding for the disabled．When they were later praised for their sympathy, they felt even worse about what they had written．

In this experiment, Wood, Lee and Perunovic measured 68 students’ self-esteem（自尊）．The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes．Every 15 seconds, one group of students heard a bell．When it rang, they were supposed to tell themselves, “I am lovable．”

Those with low self-esteem didn’t feel better after the experiment．In fact, their moods turned significantly darker than those of members of the control group, who weren’t urged to think positive thoughts．

The paper provides support for newer forms of psychotherapy（心理治疗） that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them．In the fighting, we not only often fail but can make things worse．Meditation（静思） techniques, on the contrary, can teach people to put their shortcomings into a large, more realistic perspective（视野）．Call it the power of negative thinking．

1.The Canadian researchers find that _____．

A．encouraging positive thinking may do more harm than good

B．there can be no simple cure for psychological problems

C．unhappy people cannot think positively

D．the power of positive thinking is limited

2.What does the author mean by “… you’re just underlining his faults”（Line4, Para3）?

A．You are not taking his mistakes seriously enough．

B．You are pointing out the mistakes he has made．

C．You are emphasizing the fact that he is not clever．

D．You are trying to make him feel better about his faults．

3.What do we learn from the experiment of Wood, Lee and Perunovic?

A．It is important for people to continually improve their self-esteem．

B．Thinking positively can bring a positive change to one’s mood．

C．People with low self-esteem seldom write down their true feelings．

D．Forcing a person to think positive thoughts may lower their self-esteem．

4.What do we learn from the last paragraph?

A．The effects of positive thinking vary from person to person．

B．Meditation may prove to be a good form of psychotherapy．

C．Different people tend to have different ways of thinking．

D．People can avoid making mistakes through meditation．

 

Can we turn negative thoughts like “I never do anything right” into positive ones like “I can succeed”? Is there power in positive thinking?
Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply emphasize how unhappy they are．
The study’s authors, Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by referring to older research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse, not better．If you tell your friend that he may be an Einstein, you’re just underlining his faults．In one 1990s experiment, a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton asked participants to write passages opposing funding for the disabled．When they were later praised for their sympathy, they felt even worse about what they had written．
In this experiment, Wood, Lee and Perunovic measured 68 students’ self-esteem（自尊）．The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes．Every 15 seconds, one group of students heard a bell．When it rang, they were supposed to tell themselves, “I am lovable．”
Those with low self-esteem didn’t feel better after the experiment．In fact, their moods turned significantly darker than those of members of the control group, who weren’t urged to think positive thoughts．
The paper provides support for newer forms of psychotherapy（心理治疗） that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them．In the fighting, we not only often fail but can make things worse．Meditation（静思） techniques, on the contrary, can teach people to put their shortcomings into a large, more realistic perspective（视野）．Call it the power of negative thinking．
【小题1】The Canadian researchers find that _____．

A．encouraging positive thinking may do more harm than good

B．there can be no simple cure for psychological problems

C．unhappy people cannot think positively

D．the power of positive thinking is limited

【小题2】What does the author mean by “… you’re just underlining his faults”（Line4, Para3）?

A．You are not taking his mistakes seriously enough．

B．You are pointing out the mistakes he has made．

C．You are emphasizing the fact that he is not clever．

D．You are trying to make him feel better about his faults．

【小题3】What do we learn from the experiment of Wood, Lee and Perunovic?

A．It is important for people to continually improve their self-esteem．

B．Thinking positively can bring a positive change to one’s mood．

C．People with low self-esteem seldom write down their true feelings．

D．Forcing a person to think positive thoughts may lower their self-esteem．

【小题4】What do we learn from the last paragraph?

A．The effects of positive thinking vary from person to person．

B．Meditation may prove to be a good form of psychotherapy．

C．Different people tend to have different ways of thinking．

D．People can avoid making mistakes through meditation．