In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more varied jobs lead to greater productivity? There is evidence to suggest that while variety certainly makes workers’ life more enjoyable, it does not actually make them work harder. As far as increasing productivity is concerned, the variety is not an important factor. Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important and there is no doubt that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modern factory with its complicated machinery which must be used in a fixed way. Thus while freedom of choice may be important, there is usually very little that can be done to creat it. Another important consideration is how much each worker contributes to the product he is making. In most factories the worker sees only one small part of the product. Some car factories are now experimenting with having many small production lines rather than one large one, so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his line. It would seem that not only is the degree of worker’s contribution an important factor, but it is also one we can do something about. To what extent more money led to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this is important. But perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is so boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more enjoyable, they will neither want more money, nor will shorter working hours be so important to them.

1．Which of the following is not mentioned as a factor leading to greater productivity?

       A．Making jobs more varied.                     B．More money and shorter working hours.

       C．Degrees of work contribution.              D．Modern and complicated machinery.

2．According to the passage, workers want more money because        .

       A．their jobs are very boring                      B．they can enjoy more freedom

       C．it makes their jobs more interesting        D．they want shorter working hours

3．If we succeed in making workers’ job more interesting,          .

       A．they will want more money

       B．they will demand shorter working hours

       C．they will ask for more money and shorter working hours

       D．more money and shorter working hours will not be so concerned

4．In this passage, the author tries to tell us         .

       A．how to make workers more comfortable

       B．possible factors leading to greater productivity

       C．more money leads to greater productivity

       D．how to make workers’ jobs more interesting

5．The author of this passage is probably a        .

       A．teacher                B．worker                C．manager              D．physicist

When the Spanish first brought chocolate back to Europe, it was still being served as a drink, but soon went through an important change: the chili pepper（红辣椒）was replaced by sugar. The new sweetened chocolate drink was so expensive that few could afford, but by the 17th century the drink was common among European noblemen. In England, which was somewhat more equality favored than the rest of Europe, chocolate was more widely available. Those who could afford it could enjoy chocolate drinks in the new coffee and chocolate houses of London.

As cacao（可可树）became more commonly available, people began experimenting with new ways of using it. Chocolate began to appear in cakes and other foods. But it wasn’t until 1828 that the “modern era” of chocolate making and production began.

The introduction of cocoa powder not only made creating chocolate drinks much easier, but also made it possible to combine chocolate with sugar and then remix it with cocoa butter to creat a solid. Others began to build on Van Houten’s success ,experimenting to make new chocolate products. In 1849, English chocolate maker Joseph Storrs Fry produced what was the world’s first eating chocolate.

Today, the Swiss are famous for their chocolate, and rightly so. In the late 19th century, they developed a number of processes that contributed greatly to creating the solid chocolate candy that we all enjoy today. Two major developments occurred in 1879. First, Daniel Peter, a Swiss chocolate producer, had the idea of using powdered milk（invented by Swiss Chemist Henri Nestle in 1867） to make a new kind of chocolate, milk chocolate. Second, Rudolph Lindt invented a process called “conching. ” which  greatly improved the quality of chocolate candy by making it more mixable.

1．Before beings brought into Europe by Spanish, chocolate was           .

       A．a sweet candy                                     B．a spicy（辣的）drink

       C．a sweet drink                                      D．a spicy candy

2．The passage mainly discusses the development of          .

       A．cacao                                                 B．chocolate drinks

       C．chocolate candies                                D．chocolate houses

3．More people drank chocolate in England than in the rest of Europe in the 17th century because          .

       A．the English were richer                         B．the English liked sweets better

       C．the English had more equal rights          D．there were fewer noblemen in England

4．The milk chocolate was invented in          .

       A．1828                   B．1849                   C．1867                   D．1878

5．What information will most probably be provided following the last paragraph?

       A．Chocolate products and new chocolate making techniques in the 20th century.

       B．The popularity of Swiss chocolate.

       C．The exploration of market possibilities of chocolate products in the 19th century.

       D．Other uses of cocoa powder.

In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more varied jobs lead to greater productivity? There is evidence to suggest that while variety certainly makes workers’ life more enjoyable, it does not actually make them work harder. As far as increasing productivity is concerned, the variety is not an important factor. Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important and there is no doubt that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modern factory with its complicated machinery which must be used in a fixed way. Thus while freedom of choice may be important, there is usually very little that can be done to creat it. Another important consideration is how much each worker contributes to the product he is making. In most factories the worker sees only one small part of the product. Some car factories are now experimenting with having many small production lines rather than one large one, so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his line. It would seem that not only is degree of workers’ contribution an important factor, but it is also one we can do something about. To what extent more money lead to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this important. But perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is so boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more enjoyable, they will neither want more money, nor will shorter working hours be so important to them.

1．Which of the following is not mentioned as a factor leading to greater productivity?

　　A．Making jobs more varied.

　　B．More money and shorter working hours.

　　C．Degrees of work contribution.

　　D．Modern and complicated machinery.

2．According to the passage, workers want more money because          .

A．their jobs are very boring                      B．they can enjoy more freedom

C．it makes their jobs more interesting        D．they want shorter working hours

3．If we succeed in making workers’ job more interesting,          .

　　A．they will want more money

　　B．they will demand shorter working hours

　　C．they will ask for more money and shorter working hours

　　D．more money and shorter working hours will not be so concerned

4．In this passage, the author tries to tell us          .

　　A．how to make workers more comfortable

　　B．possible factors leading to greater productivity

　　C．more money leads to greater productivity

　　D．how to make workers’ jobs more interesting

5．The author of this passage is probably a           .

　　A．teacher 　　   B．worker 　　    C．manager 　　  D．physicist

       The world has almost seven billion people, at least two billion of whom are expected to be on the Internet. New growth is mostly from developing countries, though only 20% of their population is online, a new report says. A group called the World Wide Web Foundation is working to make the Web more usable to more of the world. Tim Berners-Lee, the British computer scientist who invented the World Wide Web, announced the launch of the Web Foundation last November. The group says many people can access  the Web but are unable to use it. The biggest reason is illiteracy. The latest United Nations report says about 800 million adults are unable to read or write. Even for those who can read, much of the information that is available on the Web is not in a language they can understand.

       Tim Berners-Lee created the World Wide Web as a way to help people share information. He says the World Wide Web Foundation wants everyone to be able to use this information. It’s focusing on (concentrating ) the Web not just as a technology, but as one of the most powerful means for connecting people to knowledge and people to each other. World Wide Web Foundation’s cooperation with the Web Science Trust and the World Wide Web Consortium aims to creat applications that make the Web more user-friendly. Steve Bratt says mobile technology is an important part of that work, as more and more people use their phones to go online. One of the challenges (挑战) the Foundation has now is to make the Web a lot easier to use even on the simplest and least expensive mobile phones.

56.  What does the speaker say about Net users?

       A. The number of Net users is growing fast in developing countries.

       B. Most people in developed world are Net users.

       C. Net users are more active in developing countries.

       D. There are more Net users in developing countries.

57.  Why can’t many people use the Internet?

       A. They don’t have access to Internet.

       B. They can’t understand any foreign language.

       C. They can’t read and write.

       D. They don’t know how to search information.

58.  What’s Tim Berners-Lee’s main purpose of creating the World Wide Web?

       A. To develop the information technology.

       B. To provide ways of communication and study.

       C. To help Net users with their own problems.

       D. To make the Web more user-friendly.

59.  What challenge does World Wide Web Foundation face now?

       A. Making the illiterate have access to Internet.

       B. Creating simplier language for its users.

       C. Attracting more phone users to join its networks.

       D. Making it easier to use the Web.

60.  What does the underlined word in Paragraph 1 mean?

       A. Unable to pay.                                                  B. Unble to read or write.

       C. Unable to use together.                                          D. Unable to use.

                                                              

完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四册选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Most people give little thought to the pens they write with , especially since the printers in modern homes and offices mean that very 36things are handwritten .All too often,people buy a pen based only on 37,and wonder why they are not satisfied 38 ,they begin to use it ,However, buying a pen that you’ll enjoy is not 39 if you keep the following in wond.

First of all, a pen should fit comfortably in your hand and be 40 to use .The thickness of the pen is the most important characteristic(特征)41comfort. Having a small hand and thick fingers, you may 43 a fatter pen .The length of a pen can 44 influence comfort. A pen that is too 45 can easily feel top-heavy and unstable.

Then, the writing point of the pen should 46 the ink to flow evenly(均匀的) while that pen remains in touch with the paper 47 will make it possibly for you to creat a 48 line of writing .The point should also be sensitive enough to 49 ink from running when the pen is lifted.A point that does not block the 50 may leave drops of ink, 51 you pick the pen up and put it down again. 

52 ,the pen should make a thick , dark line. Fine-line pens may 53 bad handwriting, but fine, delicate  lines do not command  54  next to printed  text ,as ,55,  a  singnature  on  a printed  letter  .A   broader line, on  the  other   hand  ,gives  an  impression of  confidence  and  authority (权威)。

36.A.many    B.few    C.pleasant       D.important

37.A.looks     B.reason  C.value        D.advantanges

38.A.once      B.if      C.because      D.though

39.A.coveenient  B.practocal   C.strange    D.difficult 

40.A.heavy B.easy C. hard                  D.safe

41.A.taking        B.finding      C.determining    D.seeking

42.A.strong         B.weaker      C.smaller       D.larger

43.A.prefer          B.recommend   C.prepare     D. demand

44.A.hardly         B.also     C.    never      D。  still

45.a.thick           B.light              C.  rong        D.   soft  

46.A.change        B.allow            C.  reduce     D .press

47. Athey           B. one        C.  this       D.  some

48.  A. from        B. rough         C. black         D. smooth

49.  A. prevent      B. free           C. protect        D. remove

50.  A. way         B. sight          C. flow          D. stream

51.  A. so          B. as             C. and          D. yet

52.  A. Meanwhile   B. Generally       C. Afterwards    D. Finally

53.  A. show up     B. differ from      C. break down    D. compensate for

54.  A. attention     B. support         C. respect       D. admission

55.  A. at most      B. for example      C. in brief      D. on purpose