阅读理解

　　Fred Michel is one of 7.2 million Americans who moonlight, or hold more than one job．

　　Once a week, after his day job as medical director of a mental health center, the 40-year-old psychiatrist(精神病大夫)heads to a part-time job at a treatment center for young people．Twice a month, he travels three hours to another teenage treatment center．

　　Last year, 5.4 percent of the American workforce held second jobs, according to the US Labor Department, and that looks set to increase this year．

　　“Many workers like the safety that moonlighting provides,”says Carl Hausman, the writer of“Moonlighting：148 Great Ways to Make Money on the Side”．

　　The information from the US Labor Department shows that 40 percent of US moonlighters in 1997 took a second job to meet household expenses or pay off debts．Others save money or buy some special things．

　　People also take second jobs with an eye to the future-wanting to try out a new field or gain experience．

　　Michel started moonlighting when medical systems were unstable(不稳定的)．He wanted to make sure he wasn't tied to one system that ended up failing．

　　Just as the purposes for moonlighting vary, the moonlighters cross all age and racial groups．And they work in a variety of industries－no longer just service, office and sale jobs．

　　“Technology just affects your ability to make money,”Hausman says．“That makes a frequent change in moonlighting．”

　　As its name means, moonlighting still occurs mostly at night．And that results in some pressures．Chief among them is time．

　　Full-time employers could misunderstand, too．Some companies do not allow afterhour work because they fear it will affect their employees' 9-to-5 performance．

　　“The primary employer is saying,' Wait, I'm paying you for the sharp, fresh, energetic you,'”says Tom Gimbel, president and founder of LaSalle Staffing in Chicago．“If you're burning yourself at both ends, it's going to show．”

　　Still, the good done to the moonlighters can be great．Besides extra income, moonlighters enjoy varety, freedom and chance to do something new．They also may find their part-time jobs strengthen what they do full time．

　　“Besides, it's fun,”Michel says．Not only do the part-time jobs offer a chance to network, stretch his professional skills and make more money, but they also give him the variety he wouldn't find just in a full-time job．

　　“It's a way of pulling from the spice cabinet,”he says,“and offering a little variety throughout the day．”

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　　As a young man, Charlie traveled to America in a small company of actors．He was then invited to join a new company that was making film comedies(喜剧)．Very soon he had made dozens of short films for this company．And it was in his second film that he wore the clothes which made his reputation(声誉)－black hat, tight coat, baggy(松垂的)trousers, huge shoes, moustache and walking stick．

　　By the time he was thirty, Charlie was the greatest, best known and best loved comedian(喜剧演员)in the world．He worked very hard and had few close friends．Perhaps that was why the sad side of the little man began to show more clearly in the films he made．

　　Chaplin's films have attracted a large number of audience in various countries．People everywhere have sat and laughed at them until the tears stream down their faces．He will rush from one accident to the next．He will struggle through snow, slip on ice, fall from windows, and slide off bridges．He will fight men who are twice his size and fall in love with women who hardly notice him at all．He will be bullied(欺侮)and beaten by people stronger and richer than himself．But somehow he will always fight back and make the best of his broken heart．

　　Even people who don't understand English can enjoy Chaplin's films because they are mostly silent．It isn't what he says that makes us laugh．His comedy doesn't depend upon words or language．It depends upon little actions that mean the same thing to people all over the world．He is master of the art of mime－a kind of world language．

　　Having lived in America for forty years, Chaplin moved to Switzerland．There he died on Christmas Day 1977．He once described himself as a citizen of the world, rather than of any particular country．

　　He once wrote,“You have to believe in yourself．That's the secret of success．Even when I was in the children's home, when I was wandering about the streets trying to find enough to eat to keep alive, even then I thought of myself as the greatest actor in the world．”

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阅读理解

　　The Healthy Habits Survey(调查)shows that only about one third of American seniors have correct habits．Here are some findings and expert advice．

　　·Finding：A full 33％ of seniors brush their teeth only once a day．

　　·Step：Remove the 300 types of bacteria in your mouth each morning with a battery-operated toothbrush．Brush gently for 2 minutes, at least twice a day．

　　·Finding：Seniors, on average, bathe fewer than 3 days a week．And nearly 30％wash their hands only 4 times a day-half of the number doctors recommend．

　　·Step：We touch our faces around 3,000 times a day-often inviting germs(病菌)to enter our mouth, nose, and eyes．Use toilet paper to avoid touching the door handle．And, most important, wash your hands often with hot running water and soap for 20 seconds．

　　·Finding：Seniors are not fighting germs as well as they should．

　　·Step：Be aware of germs．Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge(海绵)that can carry more germs than anything else? To kill these germs, keep your sponge in the microwave for 10 seconds．

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