We can see how the product life cycle works by looking at the introduction of instant coffee. When it was introduced，most people did not like it as well as “regular” coffee and it took several years to gain general acceptance (introduction stage)．At one point，though，instant coffee grew rapidly in popularity and many brands were introduced (stage of rapid growth)．After a while people became attached to one brand, sales leveled off (stage of maturity)．Sales went into a slight decline (衰退) when freeze-dried coffees were introduced (stage of decline)．

The importance of the product life cycle to marketers is this：Different stages in the product life cycle call for different strategies. The goal is to extend product life so that sales and profits do not decline. One strategy is called market modification. It means that marketing managers look for new users and market sections. Did you know，for example，that the backpacks that so many students carry today were originally designed for the military?

Market modification also means searching for increased usage among present customers or going for a different market，such as senior citizens. A marketer may re-position the product to appeal to new market sections.

Another product extension strategy is called product modification. It involves changing product quality，features，or styles to attract new users or more usage from present users. American auto manufacturers are using quality improvement as one way to recapture (夺回)world markets. Note，also，how auto manufacturers once changed styles dramatically from year to year to keep demand from falling.

56. According to the passage，when people grow fond of one particular brand of a product，its sales will_______ .

A. decrease gradually                                 B．become unstable

C. improve enormously                       D．remain at the same level

57. The first paragraph tells us that a new product is_______ .

A．usually introduced to satisfy different tastes

B．often more expensive than old ones

C．often inferior to old ones at first

D．not easily accepted by the public

58. Marketers need to know which of the four stages a product is in so as to______.

A．work out marketing policies

B．promote its production

C．increase its popularity

D．speed up its life cycle

59. The author mentions the example of “backpacks” to show the importance of_______ .

A．increasing usage among students

B．pleasing the young as well as the old

C．exploring new market sections

D．serving both military and civil needs

60. In order to recover their share of the world market，US auto makers are_______ .

A．improving product quality

B．re-positioning their product in the market

C．modernizing product styles

D．increasing product features

It is time for students to sell such things as chocolate bars and greeting cards to raise money for their school, class or club．It is inevitable that they will knock on your door and you will easily hand over your cash for overpriced items that you really do not want．That is okay, though, because there are many reasons why children should be allowed to raise money for their schools and clubs．

Fundraising is a great way to help children learn social skills．It is not easy to go up to a complete stranger and ask him for his money．They have to nicely ask for help, show the interested buyer what they have to offer and explain how it will help them in school．If someone refuses to buy an item, that child has to take the failure in stride（不特别费力地）, and that is a learning lesson as well．

Students can learn how to deal with money by fundraising．Of course, it might seem safer for us to take charge of our children’s earnings from their fundraising before it is turned into the school．However, by making them keep track of it, count it, and make sure everyone pays the right amount, they are learning an important lesson．Dealing with more Fundraising helps improve their schools．It is the children’s school．They have to learn there and grow there．Why not let them help in making it a better place?

Fundraising allows for more life experiences for the child．The raised money is used towards things like parties, trips, or for the music club to go to see a Broadway play．The children receive the rewards for their hard work at raising the money．Without fundraising, these field trips and special school memories would be missed．

In a word, fundraising helps children a lot in many ways．

1.The underlined word “inevitable” in the first paragraph means “_______”．

A．unlikely    B．improper     C．unavoidable       D．unrealistic

2.One of the important indications that children are grown up is that __________．

A．children learn to care for others    

B．children can deal with money     

C．children like to make up     

D．children make a date with friends of the other sex

3.The author thinks that fundraising _______．

 A．adds to the family’s burden           

B．wastes the learning time

C．builds up the children’s bodies

D．helps to develop the children’s character  

4.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

   CP: Central point   P: Point      Sp: Sub-point     C: Conclusion

It is time for students to sell such things as chocolate bars and greeting cards to raise money for their school, class or club．It is inevitable that they will knock on your door and you will easily hand over your cash for overpriced items that you really do not want．That is okay, though, because there are many reasons why children should be allowed to raise money for their schools and clubs．

Fundraising is a great way to help children learn social skills．It is not easy to go up to a complete stranger and ask him for his money．They have to nicely ask for help, show the interested buyer what they have to offer and explain how it will help them in school．If someone refuses to buy an item, that child has to take the failure in stride（不特别费力地）, and that is a learning lesson as well．

Students can learn how to deal with money by fundraising．Of course, it might seem safer for us to take charge of our children’s earnings from their fundraising before it is turned into the school．However, by making them keep track of it, count it, and make sure everyone pays the right amount, they are learning an important lesson．Dealing with more Fundraising helps improve their schools．It is the children’s school．They have to learn there and grow there．Why not let them help in making it a better place?

Fundraising allows for more life experiences for the child．The raised money is used towards things like parties, trips, or for the music club to go to see a Broadway play．The children receive the rewards for their hard work at raising the money．Without fundraising, these field trips and special school memories would be missed．

In a word, fundraising helps children a lot in many ways．

The underlined word “inevitable” in the first paragraph means “_______”．

    A．unlikely    B．improper     C．unavoidable       D．unrealistic

One of the important indications that children are grown up is that __________．

A．children learn to care for others    

B．children can deal with money     

C．children like to make up     

D．children make a date with friends of the other sex

The author thinks that fundraising _______．

 A．adds to the family’s burden               

    B．wastes the learning time

    C．builds up the children’s bodies

D．helps to develop the children’s character  

Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

   CP: Central point   P: Point      Sp: Sub-point     C: Conclusion

It is time for students to sell such things as chocolate bars and greeting cards to raise money for their school, class or club. It is inevitable that they will knock on your door and you will easily hand over your cash for overpriced items that you really do not want. That is okay, though, because there are many reasons why children should be allowed to raise money for their schools and clubs.

Fundraising（募集资金） is a great way to help children learn social skills. It is not easy to go up to a complete stranger and ask him for his money. They have to nicely ask for help, show the interested buyer what they have to offer and explain how it will help them in school. If someone refuses to buy an item, that child has to take the failure in stride(不特别费力地), and that is a learning lesson as well.

Students can learn how to deal with money by fundraising. Of course, it might seem safer for us to take charge of our children’s earnings from their fundraising before it is turned into the school. However, by making them keep track of it, count it, and make sure everyone pays the right amount, they are learning an important lesson. Dealing with money is important to know about when they are older.

Fundraising helps improve their schools. It is the children’s school. They have to learn there and grow there. Why not let them help in making it a better place?

Fundraising allows for more life experiences for the child. The raised money is used towards things like parties, trips, or for the music club to go to see a Broadway play. The children receive the rewards for their hard work at raising the money. Without fundraising, these field trips and special school memories would be missed.

In a word, fundraising helps children a lot in many ways.

1.The underlined word “inevitable” in the first paragraph means “_______”.

A. 不可能的         B. 不恰当的         C. 不可避免的      D. 不现实的

2.One of the important indications that children are grown up is that __________.

A. children can deal with money        

B. children learn to care for others

C. children make a date with friends of the other sex      

D. children like to make up

3.The author thinks that fundraising _______.

A. adds to the family’s burden              B. wastes the learning time

C. helps to develop the children’s character D. builds up the children’s bodies

4.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

   CP: Central point   P: Point      Sp: Sub-point（次要点）     C: Conclusion

We can see how the product life cycle works by looking at the introduction of instant coffee. When it was introduced, most people did not like it as much as "regular" coffee and it took several years to gain general acceptance (introduction stage). At one point, though, instant coffee grew rapidly in popularity and many brands were introduced (stage of rapid growth). After a while people became attached to one brand and sales leveled off (stage of maturity). Sales went into a slight decline when freeze-dried coffees were introduced (stage of decline).
　　The importance of the product life cycle to marketers is this: different stages in the product life cycle call for different strategies. The goal is to extend product life so that sales and profits do not decline. One strategy is called market modification. It means that marketing managers look for new users and market sections. Do you know, for example, that the backpacks that so many students carry today were originally designed for the military?
　　Market modification also means searching for increased usage among present customers or going for a different market, such as senior citizens. A marketer may re-position the product to appeal to new market sections.
　　Another product extension strategy is called product modification. It involves changing product quality, features, or style to attract new users or more usage from present users. American auto manufacturers are using quality improvement as one way to recapture（夺回） world markets. Note, also, how auto manufacturers once changed styles dramatically from year to year to keep demand from falling.
46. According to the passage, when people grow accustomed to one particular brand of a product, its            sales will ______.                       
A. decrease gradually                                 B. become unstable
C. improve enormously                            D. remain at the same level
47. The first paragraph tells us that a new product is _____ .
　A. usually introduced to satisfy different tastes
　B. often more expensive than old ones
　C. often inferior to old ones at first
　D. not easily accepted by the public
48. Marketers need to know which of the four stages a product is in so as to _____ .
　A. work out marketing policies                   B. promote its production
　 C. increase its popularity                                      D. speed up its life cycle
49. The author mentions the example of "backpacks"(Line 4, Para.2 ) to show the importance of             _______ .
　 A. increasing usage among students       B. pleasing the young as well as the old
　 C. exploring new market sections             D. serving both military and civil needs
50. In order to recover their share of the world market, U.S. auto makers are _______ .
　 A. improving product feature                     B. making their products better
C. modernizing product style                    D. increasing product quantity