C
It happened one morning 20 years ago. A British scientist Alec Jeffrey came across DNA fingerprinting: He identified the patterns of genetic material that are unique to almost every individual. His discovery changed everything from the way we do criminal investigations to the way we decide family law. But the professor of genetics at the University of Leicester, UK, is still surprised, and a bit worried, by the power of the technology he released upon the world.
The patterns within DNA are unique to each individual, except identical twins, who share the same pattern. The ability to identify these patterns has been used to convict(证明…有罪) murderers and to clear people who are wrongly accused. It is also used to identify the victims of war and settle disputes over who is the father of a child.
Jeffrey said he and his colleagues made the discovery by accident while tracking genetic
variations(变异). But, within six months of the discovery, genetic fingerprinting had been used in an immigration case, to prove that an African boy really was his parents’ son.·In 1986, it was used for the first time in a British criminal case: It cleared one suspect after being accused of two murders and helped convict another man.
DNA testing is now very common. In Britain, a national criminal database established in 1995 now contains 2.5 million DNA samples. The U.S. and Canada are developing similar systems. But there are fears about the stored DNA samples and how they could be used to harm a person’s privacy. That includes a person’s medical history, racial origin or psychological profile. “There is the long-term risk that people can get into these samples and start getting additional information about a person’s paternity(父子关系) or risk of disease,” Jeffrey said.
DNA testing is not an unfailing proof of identity. Still, it is considered a reasonably reliable system for determining the things it is used for. Jeffrey estimates the probability of two individuals’ DNA profiles matching in the most commonly used tests at one in a billion.
62. According to the text, DNA testing can NOT be used in _______ .
A. doing criminal investigations        B. deciding faraily law
C. clearmg wrongly accused people     D. telling twins apart
63. DNA samples are not popular with all the people because _______ .
A. the government in Britain establishes a criminal database
B. the US and Canada develop similar systems
C. DNA samples can be used to harm a person’s privacy
D. DNA testing is too expensive and dangerous now
64. Where will you most probably find this article?
A. In a guidebook.                   B. In a storybook.
C. In a science fiction.               D. In a scientific magazine.
65. Which is the best title for the passage?
A. Discovery of DNA testing by Jeffery  B. Practice of DNA testing in court
C. DNA testing in the present situation   D.Benefits and side effects of DNA testing

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56．I have had learning difficulties all my life and life is impossible．I fail at everything I do and I'm left behind，like years behind．For people with no learning difficulties，life is always easier but that's not me．What people with learning difficulties are left by years while those don't move up the ladder quicker? The people like me are just left labeled a stupid guy，life passes by for me and people without learning difficulties go ahead without failing exams and life is great for them．People like me have to wait another year to repeated exams or maybe two while peers go on．

57．I'm from Europe and it's been a long time that I'm thinking of spending 6 months in the USA．in a High School．It's my dream．I asked my mom but she doesn't want me to go there．She didn't say why! I've spoken with people who went to study in the US and they told me that when I come back I'll be different．We don't have a lot of interesting courses like Americans．The cost is 5,300 Euros．I don't know how to say to my mom that I want to go there and that's my dream，and it'll be great for my future… Could you help me?

58．I have a friend．We studied at the same school．Before she did the Entrance Examination，she had hoped to study in the department of Dentistry(牙医)．She concentrated on her books．She  read the books and did the exercise too much．After we did the Entrance Examination，she told me her scores were not enough．It meant she couldn't study in the department that she had hoped．I still encourage her．She told me she was all right，but I think she was sad．I want to help her feel better．What should I do?

59．I have serious confidence issues，and today I went to my first day of a new school．Unfortunately I have been at the same school previously my whole life．Yeah I have mates outside of school and that，but that one day has just changed everything about how I feel．I thought in my previous school I could make a difference in the world，but now I'm just lost，confused and I know no one．I'm not very sociable either，and just not comfortable with the environment．How can I be more sociable? Confident? Everything? HELP!!

60．I am writing to you to seek advice．My name is Nawel．I'll sit for my BAC exam soon．I'll  certainly succeed，but my parents are old and are in need of financial help. I'd really like to help them．However，if I do，I'll have to give up my dream of becoming a doctor．On one hand, if I decided to help，I'll have to give up my registration at University．On the other hand，if I don't，I'll feel guilty of not helping my family．I have no one to turn to．What should I do?