Ideas about polite behavior are different from one culture to another．Some societies, such as America and Australia, for example, are mobile and very open．People here change jobs and move house quite often．As a result, they have a lot of relationships that often last only a short time, and they need to get to know people quickly．So it’s normal to have friendly conversations with people that they have just met, and you can talk about things that other cultures would regard as personal．

    On the other hand there are more crowded and less mobile societies where long – term relationships are more important．A Malaysian or Mexican business person, for example, will want to get to know you very well before he or she feels happy to start business．But when you do get to know each other, the relationship becomes much deeper than it would in a mobile society．

    To Americans, both Europeans and Asians seem cool and formal at first．On the other hand, as a passenger from a less mobile society puts it, it’s no fun spending several hours next to a stranger who wants to tell you all about his or her life and asks you all sorts of questions that you don’t want to answer．

    Cross-cultural differences aren’t just a problem for travelers, but also for the flights that carry them．All flights want to provide the best service, but ideas about good service are different from place to place．This can be seen most clearly in the way that problems are dealt with．

    Some societies have ‘universalistic’ cultures．These societies strongly respect rules, and they treat every person and situation in basically the same way．

    ‘Particularistic’ societies, on the other hand, also have rules, but they are less important than the society’s unwritten ideas about what is right or wrong for a particular situation or a particular person．So the normal rules are changed to fit the needs of the situation or the importance of the person．

    This difference can cause problems．A traveler from a particularistic society, India, is checking in for a flight in Germany, a country which has a universalistic culture．The Indian traveler has two much luggage, but he explains that he has been away from home for a long time and the suitcases are full of presents for his family．He expects that the check – in official will understand his problem and will change the rules for him．The check – in official explains that if he was allowed to have too much luggage, it wouldn’t be fair to the other passengers．But the traveler thinks this is unfair, because the other passengers don’t have his problem．

1.Often moving from one place to another makes people like Americans and Australians _____．

A．like traveling better                                                     B．easy to communicate with

C．difficult to make real friends                                            D．have a long–term relationship with their neighbors

2.People like Malaysians prefer to associate with those  _________．

A．who will tell them everything of their own  

B．who want to do business with them

C．they know quite well                

D．who are good at talking

3.A person from a less mobile society will feel it _______ when a stranger keeps talking to him or her, and asking him or her questions．

A．boring B．friendly C．normal     D．rough

4.The writer of the passage thinks that the Indian and the German have different ideas about rules because of different _______．

A．interests     B．habits and customs C．cultures   D．ways of life

 

 (江苏省扬州市2009届高三第三次调研测试)

You know it’s truly amazing how the Jewish people survived after thousands of years of being slaves, persecuted(追捕), and even attempted genocide (种族灭绝)when Hitler’s Nazi murdered 6 million Jews! That’s why in 1934, Germany was the    36    place to be a Jew. When Hitler’s teenage gangs    37    his village, the little    38    boy, Heinz, was just 11 years old.

    Every day Heinz’s parents taught their    39    how important it was to learn    40   . When the Nazi gangs terrorized their village on the streets daily, Heinz’s parents knew that just one moment of losing control of their    41    against their rulers could    42    the death of the family. So Heinz learned to stay out of their    43   , sometimes crossing the street or taking a    44    road home.

     But one day, young Heinz was finally    45    by one of Hitler’s bullies(暴徒). For the first time, Heinz was    46    to talk to a Nazi youth. But by staying calm and    47    choosing his words, Heinz surprised himself when he    48    his way out of trouble and    49    this bully not to hurt him    50    to let him go. That day, Heinz discovered his survival skill of talking and    51    with others. It was a major    52    point that changed his life---and later changed the world.

      After a few years, Heinz’s family escaped from Germany and moved to America. But Heinz never forgot how to talk with people and help bring    53    between enemies. You see, that 11-year-old boy who had    54    his first peace settlement with a Nazi bully, later became one of the greatest ambassadors of peace in the world. You’ve probably heard of him- not as Heinz- but by his American name: Henry Kissinger, the    55    US Secretary of State.

36．A．usual             B．wrong                 C．appealing             D．ideal

37．A．seized                 B．destroyed            C．abandoned           D．burnt

38．A．American            B．Italian                  C．Jewish                D．British

39．A．students              B．friends                C．sons                   D．children

40．A．self-control          B．self-protection      C．self-respect         D．self-defense

41．A．anxiety                B．emotions             C．anger                  D．terror

42．A．show                  B．cost                    C．claim                  D．mean

43．A．road                    B．way                    C．route                   D．path

44．A．rough                  B．difficult               C．different              D．short

45．A．surrounded          B．cornered              C．beaten                 D．chased

46．A．called                  B．urged          C．forced                 D．asked

47．A．carefully              B．specially              C．repeatedly            D．particularly

48．A．pushed                B．felt                      C．talked                  D．fought

49．A．allowed               B．convinced            C．forbade               D．promised

50．A．however              B．though                C．but                     D．and

51．A．reasoning            B．quarrelling           C．debating              D．discussing

52．A．rising                  B．starting               C．falling                 D．turning

53．A．peace                  B．friendship            C．trust                   D．harmony

54．A．confirmed           B．acknowledged      C．negotiated           D．managed

55．A．latter                   B．present                C．formal                 D．former

  

 (江苏省扬州市2009届高三第三次调研测试)

You know it’s truly amazing how the Jewish people survived after thousands of years of being slaves, persecuted(追捕), and even attempted genocide (种族灭绝)when Hitler’s Nazi murdered 6 million Jews! That’s why in 1934, Germany was the    36    place to be a Jew. When Hitler’s teenage gangs    37    his village, the little    38    boy, Heinz, was just 11 years old.

    Every day Heinz’s parents taught their    39    how important it was to learn    40   . When the Nazi gangs terrorized their village on the streets daily, Heinz’s parents knew that just one moment of losing control of their    41    against their rulers could    42    the death of the family. So Heinz learned to stay out of their    43   , sometimes crossing the street or taking a    44    road home.

     But one day, young Heinz was finally    45    by one of Hitler’s bullies(暴徒). For the first time, Heinz was    46    to talk to a Nazi youth. But by staying calm and    47    choosing his words, Heinz surprised himself when he    48    his way out of trouble and    49    this bully not to hurt him    50    to let him go. That day, Heinz discovered his survival skill of talking and    51    with others. It was a major    52    point that changed his life---and later changed the world.

      After a few years, Heinz’s family escaped from Germany and moved to America. But Heinz never forgot how to talk with people and help bring    53    between enemies. You see, that 11-year-old boy who had    54    his first peace settlement with a Nazi bully, later became one of the greatest ambassadors of peace in the world. You’ve probably heard of him- not as Heinz- but by his American name: Henry Kissinger, the    55    US Secretary of State.

36．A．usual             B．wrong                 C．appealing             D．ideal

37．A．seized                 B．destroyed            C．abandoned           D．burnt

38．A．American            B．Italian                  C．Jewish                D．British

39．A．students              B．friends                C．sons                   D．children

40．A．self-control          B．self-protection      C．self-respect         D．self-defense

41．A．anxiety                B．emotions             C．anger                  D．terror

42．A．show                  B．cost                    C．claim                  D．mean

43．A．road                    B．way                    C．route                   D．path

44．A．rough                  B．difficult               C．different              D．short

45．A．surrounded          B．cornered              C．beaten                 D．chased

46．A．called                  B．urged          C．forced                 D．asked

47．A．carefully              B．specially              C．repeatedly            D．particularly

48．A．pushed                B．felt                      C．talked                  D．fought

49．A．allowed               B．convinced            C．forbade               D．promised

50．A．however              B．though                C．but                     D．and

51．A．reasoning            B．quarrelling           C．debating              D．discussing

52．A．rising                  B．starting               C．falling                 D．turning

53．A．peace                  B．friendship            C．trust                   D．harmony

54．A．confirmed           B．acknowledged      C．negotiated           D．managed

55．A．latter                   B．present                C．formal                 D．former

  

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。

　　Ideas about polite behavior are different from one culture to another. Some societies, such as America and Australia, for example, are mobile and very open. People here change jobs and move houses quite often As a result, they have a lot of relationships that often last only a short time, and they need to get to know people quickly. So it's normal to have friendly conversations with people that they have just met, and you can talk about things that other cultures would regard as personal.

　　On the other hand there are more crowded and less mobile societies where long-term relationships are more important. A Malaysian or Mexican business person, for example, will want to get to know you very well before he or she feels happy to start business. But when you do get to know each other, the relationship becomes much deeper than it would in a mobile society.

　　To Americans, both Europeans and Asians seem cool and formal at first. On the other hand, as a passenger from a less mobile society put it, it's no fun spending several hours next to a stranger who wants to tell you all about his or her life and asks you all sorts of questions that you don't want to answer.

　　Cross-cultural differences aren't just a problem for travelers, but also for the flights that carry them All flights want to provide the best service, but ideas about good service are different from place to place. This can be seen most clearly in the way that problems are dealt with.

　　Some societies have "universalist" cultures. These societies strongly respect rules, and they treat every person and situation in basically the same way.

　　"Particularist" societies, on the other hand, also have rules, but they are less important than the society's unwritten ideas about what is right or wrong for a particular situation or a particular person So the normal rules are changed to fit the needs of the situation or the importance of the person.

　　This difference can cause problems. A traveler from a particularist society, India, is checking in for a flight in Germany, a country which has a universalist culture. The Indian traveler has too much luggage, but he explains that he has been away from home for a long time and the suitcases are full of presents for his family. He expects that the check in official will understand his problem and will change the rules for him. The check-in official explains that if he was allowed to have too much luggage, it wouldn't be fair to the other passengers. But the traveler thinks this is unfair, because the other passengers don't have his problem.

(1) Often moving from one place to another makes people like Americans and Australians ________.

[　　]

A．like travelling better

B．easy to communicate with

C．difficult to make real friends

D．have a long-term relationship with their neighbors

(2) People like Malaysians prefer to associate with those ________.

[　　]

A．who will tell them everything of their own

B．who want to do business with them

C．they know quite well

D．who are good at talking

(3) A person from a less mobile society will feel it ________ when a stranger keeps talking to him or her, and asking him or her questions.

[　　]

(4) In "particularist" societies, ________.

[　　]

A．they have no rules for people to obey

B．people obey the society's rules completely

C．no one obeys the society's rules though they have

D．the society's rules can be changed with different persons or situations

(5) The writer of the passage thinks that the Indian and the German have different ideas about rules because of different ________.

[　　]