The doctor said that the patient had ______ at once.

A.to operate　　　　　　　　　　　　 B.to be operated　　

C.operated　　　　　　　　　　　　 D.to be operated on

 

We discuss the issue of when to help a patient die. Doctors of our generation are not newcomers to this question. Going back to my internship（实习）days, I can remember many patients in pain, sometimes in coma(昏迷), with late, hopeless cancer. For many of them, we wrote an order for heavy medication—morphine(吗啡)by the clock. This was not talked about openly and little was written about it. It was essential, not controversial.

The best way to bring the problem into focus is to describe two patients whom I cared for. The first, formerly a nurse, had an automobile accident. A few days later her lungs seemed to fill up; her heart developed dangerous rhythm disturbances. So there she was: in coma, on a breathing machine, her heartbeat maintained with an electrical device. One day after rounds, my secretary said the husband and son of the patient wanted to see me. They told me their wife and mother was obviously going to die; she was a nurse and had told her family that she never wanted this kind of terrible death, being maintained by machines. I told them that while I respected their view, there was nothing deadly about her situation. The kidney(肾) failure she had was just the kind for which the artificial kidney was most effective. While possibly a bit reassured, they were disappointed. Here was the head surgeon seemingly determined to keep everybody alive, no matter what.

Within a few days the patient's pacemaker(起搏器) could be removed and she awoke from her coma. About six months later, the door of my office opened and in walked a gloriously fit woman. After some cheery words of appreciation, the father and son asked to speak to me alone. As soon as the door closed, both men became quite tearful. All that came out was, "We want you to know how wrong we were."

The second patient was an 85-year-old lady whose hair caught fire while she was smoking. She arrived with a deep burn; I knew it would surely be deadly. As a remarkable coincidence there was a meeting for discussion going on at the time in medical ethics(道德). The speaker asked me if I had any sort of ethical problem I could bring up for discussion. I described the case and asked the students their opinion. After the discussion, I made a remark that was, when looking back, a serious mistake. I said, "I'll take the word back to the nurses about her and we will talk about it some more before we decide." The instructor and the students were shocked: "You mean this is a real patient?" The teacher of ethics was not accustomed to being challenged by actuality. In any event, I went back and met with the nurses. A day or two later, when she was making no progress and was suffering terribly, we began to back off treatment. Soon she died quietly and not in pain. As a reasonable physician, you had better move ahead and do what you would want done for you. And don't discuss it with the world first. There is a lesson here for everybody. Assisting people to leave this life requires strong judgment and long experience to avoid its misuse.

50. In the early days when a patient had got a deadly, hopeless illness, _____.

A.      doctors used to ask the patient to go back home and wait for death

B.      doctors would write all their treatment plan on the patient’s medical record

C.      doctors would talk about their treatment plan openly

D.     usually doctors would inject more morphine into the patient to end his life

51. The first patient’s husband and son wanted the doctor_____.

A.      to end her life                                       B. to save her life

C.      to operate on her at once                       D. to use an artificial kidney

52. In the second paragraph, why were they disappointed?

A.      Their wife and mother was going to die.                                                

B.      They doctor didn’t do as they asked to.

C.      Their wife and mother had to receive a kidney transplant.

D.     The doctor scolded them for their cruelty                                                      

53. At the meeting, the author discussed with the students_____.

A.      how to help patients end their lives

B.      the importance of mercy killing

C.      the relationship between mercy killing and ethics

D.     the case about an old lady

54. The author suggested that doctors_____ before they assist a patient in killing himself.

A.      discuss it with the others first

B.      make sure there is no other choice left

C.      be required to do so first by the patient

D.     give the patient enough morphine

55.     Which of the following can best describe the author?

1. Cruel.          B. Determined.          C. Experienced.         D. Considerate.

Doctor and Robber

    One night about nine o’clock, Dr. Eyck, a surgeon (外科医生), had a phone call from Dr. Haydon at the hospital in Clens Falls. The surgeon was asked to go there at once to operate on a very sick boy who shot himself while playing with a gun.

    The doctor was soon on his way to Clens Falls. It was 60 miles away. And it was snowing heavily in the city. The surgeon thought he could get there before 12 o’clock.

    A few minutes later, the doctor was stopped by a man in an old black coat. Gun in hand, the man ordered the doctor to get out. Then the man drove the car down the road, leaving the doctor in the falling snow.

    It was after two o’clock in the morning when the doctor arrived at the hospital in Clens Falls.

    Dr. Haydon told him that the boy had died an hour before.

    The two doctors walked by the door of the hospital waiting room. There sat the man in the old black coat with his head in his hands.

    "Mr. Cunningham," said Dr. Haydon to the man, "This is Dr. Eyck. He is the surgeon who came all the way from Albany to save your boy."

61. Dr. Haydon asked Dr. Eyck to come to Clens Falls because________.

   A. the boy wounded by a shot was Dr. Eyck’ patient

   B. the boy needed his help

   C. Dr. Haydon was not a surgeon

   D. Dr. Eyck was his assistant

62. The surgeon was late because________.

   A. he was stopped by a beggar            B. the weather was rather terrible

   C. Clens Falls was far away from Albany   D. His car was taken away

63. Choose the right order of the events given in the story.

    a. Dr. Eyck was asked to come to the hospital in Clens Falls.

    b. Dr. Eyck arrived at the hospital.

    c. The boy shot himself.

    d. The boy died.

    e. The man in an old coat reached the hospital.

    f. Dr. Eyck was robbed (抢劫) of his car.

A. c, e, f, a, b, d    B. a, c, f, d, b, e    C. c, a, f, e, d, b     D. a, c, f, e, d, b

64. The boy died because________.

A. he was too far away from hospital

   B. Dr. Haydon didn’t do anything to save him

   C. Dr. Eyck was not able to arrive at the hospital in time

   D. something was wrong with Dr. Eyck’s car

65. Who should be responsible for (对……负责) the boy’s death?

A. The boy’s father.   B. The hospital.   C. Dr. Eyck.     D. Dr. Haydon.