阅读理解

　　Health food is a general term applied to all kinds of foods that are considered more healthful than the types of foods sold in supermarkets. For example, whole grains, dried beans, and corn oil are health foods. A narrower classification of health food is natural food. This term is used to distinguish between types of the some food. Raw honey is a natural sweetener, whereas refined sugar is not. Fresh fruit is a natural food, but canned fruit, with sugars and other additives, is not. The most precise term of all and the narrowest classification within health foods is organic food, used to describe food that has been grown on a particular kind of farm. Fruits and vegetables that are grown in gardens that are treated only with organic fertilizers, that are not sprayed with poisonous insecticides, and that are not refined after harvest, are organic foods, meats, fish, dairy and poultry products from animals that are fed only organically－grown feed and that are not injected with hormones are organic foods.

　　In choosing the type of food you eat, then, you have basically two choices: inorganic, processed foods, or organic, unprocessed foods. A wise decision should include investigation of the reason why that processed foods contain chemicals, some of which are proved to be toxic and that vitamin content is greatly reduced in processed foods.

　　Bread in typically used by health food advocates as an example of a processed food. First, the seeds from which the grain is grown are treated with a chemical which is extremely toxic. Later, the grain is sprayed with a number of very toxic insecticides. After the grain has been made into flour, it is made white with another Chemical which is also toxic. Next, a dough conditioner is added along with a softener. The conditioner and softener are poisons, and in fact, the softener has sickened and kiled experimental animals.

　　A very toxic anti-fungal compound, is added to keep the bread from getting moldy.

　　Other foods from the supermarket would show a similar pattern of processing and preserving. You see, we buy our food on the basis of smell, color, and texture, instead of vitamin content, and manufacturers give us what we want－even if it is poisonous. The alternative? Eat health foods, preferable the organic variety.

1．What is the main idea of this passage?

[　　]

2．Which term is used to distinguish between types of the same food?

[　　]

3．What happens to food when it is processed?

[　　]

A．The ultimate content remains the same.

B．Vitamin information is not available after processing.

C．Vitamin content is reduced altogether.

D．The vitamin content is greatly reduced.

4．We normally buy foods on the basis of ________.

[　　]

Marie Curie was a Polish physicist and chemist who lived between 1867-1934. Together with her husband, Pierre, she discovered two new elements (radium and polonium, two radioactive elements that they extracted chemically from pitchblende ore) and studied the x-rays they emitted. She found that the harmful properties of x-rays were able to kill tumors. By the end of World War I, Marie Curie was probably the most famous woman in the world. She had made a conscious decision, however, not to patent methods of processing radium or its medical applications.

   Marie Curie was born November 7, 1867 in Poland and died on July 4, 1934. Her co-discovery with her husband Pierre Curie of the radioactive elements radium and polonium(钋) represents one of the best known stories in modern science for which they were recognized in 1901 with the Nobel Prize in Physics. In 1911, Marie Curie was honored with a second Nobel Prize, this time in chemistry, to honor her for successfully isolating pure radium and determining radium's atomic weight.

  As a child, Marie Curie amazed people with her great memory. She learned to read when she was only four years old. Her father was a professor of science and the instruments that he kept in a glass case fascinated Marie. She dreamed of becoming a scientist, but that would not be easy. Her family became very poor, and at the age of 18, Marie became a governess. She helped pay for her sister to study in Paris. Later, her sister helped Marie with her education. In 1891, Marie attended the Sorbonne University in Paris where she met and married Pierre Curie, a well-known physicist.

   Marie Curie contributed greatly to our understanding of radioactivity and the effects of x-rays. She received two Nobel prizes for her brilliant work, but died of leukemia(白血病), caused by her repeated exposure to radioactive material.

What is the main idea of the passage?

A． To give us a general introduction to Madame Curie

B． To show us how Madame Curie discovered radium.

C． To tell us how Madame Curie developed as a scientist.

D． To tell us how Madame Curie received two Nobel Prizes.

Madame Curie was give the Nobel Prize in chemistry because________ .

A. She discovered radium

B. She separated pure radium and calculated its atomic weight

C. She discovered polonium

D. She didn’t patent methods of processing radium

Which of the following statements about Madame Curie is Not True?

A． Madame Curie made great contributions to medical science.

B． Madame Curie was very smart and ambitious when she was a child.

C． Madame Curie received two Nobel Prizes in physics.

D． Madame Curie’s husband helped her a lot in her research.

Which is the right order about Madam Curie according to the passage?

a . married Pierre       b. attended University       c. discovered radium  

d. determined radium’s atomic weight               e. won the Nobel Prize in physics

A. b, c, a, d, e      B. b, a, c, d, e     C. b, a, c, e, d     D. b, c, a, e, d

Science isn’t something mysterious, only for the few. Every one of us—whether a poet, worker, or physicist has to be able to think scientifically, and to understand some science, such as whether to smoke, what to eat, and what protection to use. Even for decisions that don’t depend on some scientific facts, science remains the proven set of best methods for getting exact information about the world.

　 Some people will end up as policy-makers in government or business. People such as these make decisions that affect the life of everyone, and most of them know no more about science than does the rest of the general public. Yet they are called upon to decide what to do about nuclear reactors(核反应堆), global warming, environmental toxins(环境霉素), expensive space programs, and biomedical research. It’s nonscientists, not scientists, who have the last word on whether the milk we drink can safely come from cows treated with medicine. To make such decisions wisely, the decision makers have to be drawn from a scientifically educated public.

Even if science is irrelevant（不相干的） to the lives of ordinary Americans, a strong scientific spirit is basic to our economy, educational system, and society. This requires lots of young people to become excited enough by science that they decide to become professional scientists. This also requires, to some degree, the support and understanding of the general public.

Scientists are not always able to communicate their findings in an easy-to-understand manner. Although the scientists should do a better job of explaining what they have discovered, members of the general public have to make efforts to understand what is being said.

1．What does the author mean by saying that “a strong scientific spirit is basic to the economy, educational system and society”?

A．School and society should encourage young people to become professional scientists.

B．The school should only teach lessons of economy and education·

C．A scientifically educated public is basic to the economy，educational system and society.

D．More scientists work in our economy, educational system and society.

2．The general public is required to _______.

A．support and understand the need of scientific education

B．check what the scientists are saying

C．give help to the policy-makers

D．become professional scientists

3．The main idea of this passage is _________.

A．policy—makers must be science professionals

B．science is not far from everyone’s life

C．science has nothing to do with ordinary Americans

D．science professionals make decisions that affect the life of everyone

4．According to the passage, who can decide whether the milk we drink can safely come from

cows treated with medicine?

A．Scientists　　 B．Young people　　 C．The public　　 D．Policy-makers

B
Science isn’t something mysterious, only for the few. Every one of us—whether a poet, worker, or physicist has to be able to think scientifically, and to understand some science, such as whether to smoke, what to eat, and what protection to use. Even for decisions that don’t depend on some scientific facts, science remains the proven set of best methods for getting exact information about the world.
Some people will end up as policy-makers in government or business. People such as these make decisions that affect the life of everyone, and most of them know no more about science than does the rest of the general public. Yet they are called upon to decide what to do about nuclear reactors(核反应堆), global warming, environmental toxins(环境霉素), expensive space programs, and biomedical research. It’s nonscientists, not scientists, who have the last word on whether the milk we drink can safely come from cows treated with medicine. To make such decisions wisely, the decision makers have to be drawn from a scientifically educated public.
Even if science is irrelevant（不相干的） to the lives of ordinary Americans, a strong scientific spirit is basic to our economy, educational system, and society. This requires lots of young people to become excited enough by science that they decide to become professional scientists. This also requires, to some degree, the support and understanding of the general public.
Scientists are not always able to communicate their findings in an easy-to-understand manner. Although the scientists should do a better job of explaining what they have discovered, members of the general public have to make efforts to understand what is being said.
46．What does the author mean by saying that “a strong scientific spirit is basic to the economy, educational system and society”?
A．School and society should encourage young people to become professional scientists.
B．The school should only teach lessons of economy and education·
C．A scientifically educated public is basic to the economy，educational system and society.
D．More scientists work in our economy, educational system and society.
47．The general public is required to _______.
A．support and understand the need of scientific education
B．check what the scientists are saying
C．give help to the policy-makers
D．become professional scientists
48．The main idea of this passage is _________.
A．policy—makers must be science professionals
B．science is not far from everyone’s life
C．science has nothing to do with ordinary Americans
D．science professionals make decisions that affect the life of everyone
49．According to the passage, who can decide whether the milk we drink can safely come from
cows treated with medicine?
A．Scientists      B．Young people      C．The public     D．Policy-makers