Fluency(流利) in another language is one of the most important aims of a newcomer to another country. In addition, understanding the culture and learning to communicate comfortably with people of that culture are as important as learning the rules of the language. Language learning and culture learning go together and may take a long time.

Sometimes people feel that they understand a culture after a few weeks or months. People do learn a lot when they first begin living in another culture, but this is only the first stage of learning. It usually involves(含包) things like learning everyday activities and some basic customs.

To really understand another culture, people have to go beyond the first stage, This is challenge because it is often difficult to know what to learn. Much of what we call “culture” is hard to see.

Culture is like an iceberg. Picture in your mind a huge iceberg in the ocean. The only part of the iceberg that you see is the tip. You don’t see the rest of the iceberg because it is hidden from sight in the water. It is easy to forget that it is there. Most of the iceberg is deep within the ocean, just as much of a culture is deep within its people.

When you meet someone from another culture， certain culture differences are obvious: You hear another language or you hear your own language spoken with an accent. You see different foods, clothes and sometimes physical characteristics of people. You observe new customs or habits, such as the use of chopsticks, and, bowing or kissing on both cheeks as a greeting. These differences are interesting and important, but they are usually not too difficult to understand. They are visible so they are seen easily and quickly.

The part of culture that is like the underwater part of the iceberg consists of assumptions(设想), communication styles, values, and beliefs about what is right and wrong. The hidden part of culture affects much of a person’s way of thinking and communicating. It is the meaning behind his or her verbal (言语的) and nonverbal language. Learning to communicate well with people from another culture involves becoming aware of the hidden part of culture.

1.What’s the subject of this passage?

A．Learning about culture.

B．Language learning.

C．The hidden part of the iceberg.

D．Fluency in another language.

2.What is learning about culture?

A．Learning the hidden part of the iceberg, which is underwater.

B．Learning everyday activities and some basic customs.

C．Learning the culture of an iceberg.

D．Learning the visible as well as the hidden differences of culture.

3.What’s the writer’s opinion?

A．Communication styles can be easily seen and learned.

B．Language learning is more important than culture learning.

C．Learning about culture is not easy and may take a long time.

D．People usually learn a culture after a few weeks or months.

4.The underlined phrase “consists of” can be replaced by “______”.

A．lies in

B．is made up of

C．agrees with

D．is different from

5.What conclusion can we draw after reading this passage?

A．Values and beliefs are like the tip of the iceberg.

B．People often become aware of the hidden part of culture.

C．The tip of the iceberg is larger than the hidden part.

D．The hidden part of culture has a great effect on people’s communication styles.

 

 

Ⅲ　阅读　（共两节，满分40分）

第一节  阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A person has to be sixteen to drive, seventeen to see certain movies, and eighteen to vote. People can get terrific discounts on all sorts of stuff－provided they’re over sixty-five. Everywhere we look there are age limits that define what people can and can’t do. But creativity has no boundaries, no limitations. Anyone can invent. And they do. Inventors are popping up at the youngest ages.

Sitting in the car waiting for her mom to return from shopping, Becky decided she might as well try to finish her math homework. But it was growing dark and getting hard to see the paper.

“I didn’t have a flashlight, and I didn’t want to open the car door because then the whole car would light up.” recalled Becky. “So I thought it would be neat to have my paper light up somehow, and that’s when the idea came to me.”

It isn’t every day that a ten-year-old invents a product eagerly sought by several businesses, but that’s exactly what Becky Schroeder did when she created a tool that enabled people to write in the dark. Her invention? The Glo-sheet.

That night Becky went home, trying to imagine different ways of making her paper glow in the dark. She remembered all sorts of glow-in-the-dark toys－like balls and Frisbees－and wondered how they were made. She was determined to find a solution. So they very next day, Beck’s dad took her on an outing to the hardware store. They returned with a pail (桶) of phosphorescent paint. She took the paint and stacks of paper into the darkest room in the house－the bathroom. There, she experimented.

“I’d turn on the light, turn it off, turn it on,” said Becky. “My parents remember me running out the room saying ‘It works, it works! I’m writing in the dark!’ ”

She used an acrylic board and coated it with a specific amount of phosphorescent paint. She took a complicated idea and made it work rather simply. When the coated clipboard is exposed to light, it glows. The glowing board then illuminates or lights up the paper that has been placed on top. Two years after her initial inspiration, in 1974, Becky became the youngest female ever to receive a U.S. patent.

She didn’t actively market her Glo-sheet. She didn’t need to. The New York Times wrote an article about an incredible invention－patented by a twelve-year-old, and the inquiries and orders streamed in.

1. From Paragraph 1 , we can draw a conclusion that _________.

A. it is illegal for one to drive under sixteen

B. people enjoy privileges when over sixty-five

C. one is never too old or too young to invent

D. people hate the limitations that define our behavior

2. What caused Becky to invent Glo-sheet?

A. She was trying to do homework when it got dark.

B. She was having trouble with math problems.

C. She was trying to earn some money. 

D. She was working on a school project.

3. What is the meaning of the underlined words “phosphorescent paint” in paragraph 5?

A. paint that acts as a glue                                  B. paint that covers a mark

C. paint that becomes hard                                 D. paint that glows in the dark

4. What does it mean that Beck “didn’t actively market her Glo-sheet” according to paragraph 8?

A. She kept the original one for her own use.

B. Other people came to her for the Glo-sheet.

C. Becky’s father tried to sell the Glo-sheet.

D. She gave away patent to the government.

5. With which statement would Becky most likely agree?

A. Experience is needed to be a good inventor.

B. Only by inventing things can you know what people need.

C. Always try to sell patent rights to large companies. 

D. You never know what you can do unless you try.

 

It’s impossible to determine how many people would have lost their lives without the contribution of African-American inventor Dr Charles Drew.

Charles Drew was born on June 3, 1904, in Washington, DC. His early interest was in education, but he was also an outstanding athlete. While in college, he was awarded as the man who contributed the most to sports during his four years in school. Drew’s sister Elsie suffered from tuberculosis(肺结核) and died in 1920. Her death influenced his decision to study medicine.

After becoming a doctor and working as a college instructor, Drew went to Columbia University, where he earned his Doctor of Medical Science degree. During this time he became involved in research on blood and blood transfusions.

At Columbia, he wrote a paper on “banked blood”, in which he described a technique he developed for the long-term preservation of blood plasma. Before his discovery, blood could not be stored for more than two days because of the rapid breakdown of red blood cells. Drew had discovered that by separating the plasma from the whole blood and then refrigerating them separately, they could be combined a week later for a blood transfusion. Drew became the first African American to receive a PhD in medical science.

After World War II broke out, Drew was called upon to put his techniques into practice. He was named a project director for the American Red Cross but soon quit his post after the government issued an order that blood taken from white donors should be separated from that of black donors.

On April 1, 1950, after he attended the annual free clinic at the John A. Andrew Memorial Hospital, he and other three physicians decided to drive back home. As he was tired from spending the night before in the operating room, he lost control of his car. Drew was badly injured and was taken to Alamance General Hospital in Burlington, North Carolina. He was pronounced dead half an hour after he first received medical attention. Drew's funeral was held on April 5, 1950, at the Nineteenth Street Baptist Church in Washington, DC.

But contrary to popular thought, he was not refused a blood transfusion by an all-white hospital. He indeed received a transfusion but was beyond the help of the doctors attending to him. As Dr. John Ford, one of the doctors who survived the accident, later explained, “We all received the very best of care. The fact that he was a Black did not in any way limit the care that was given to him.” Over the years, Drew has been considered one of the most honored figures in the medical field.

1.According to the passage, ________ might have contributed to the invention of blood banks.

A．the combination of blood cells

B．the rapid breakdown of red blood cells

C．the development of refrigerating technique

D．the technique of separating plasma from the whole blood

2.By saying “contrary to the popular thought” in the last paragraph, the writer _______.      

A．can’t understand the doctors’ decision

B．indicates his concern about the popular thought

C．feels disappointed with the all-white hospital

D．means what the doctors did was out of expectation

3.We can learn from the passage that Dr Charles Drew is best remembered by people as _______.       .

A．an outstanding athlete                   B．a college instructor

C．a medical researcher                    D．a project director

4.What conclusion can we draw from the passage?

A. Charles Drew died in a medical accident.

B. African Americans were still treated unfairly in the 1940s.

C. Charles Drew was the first African American to receive a PhD.

D. Physicians refused to give Charles Drew medical attention because he was a black.

5.In which section of a magazine can we most probably find the passage?

A．People           B．Health            C．Culture           D．Entertainment

 

Tom’s mother bought quite a lot of things online but spent only $20 _____.

A. in order   B. in a word    C. in all   D. in conclusion

 

第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）

阅读下列短文，从各篇短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

A

Simona lives in Bucharest, Romania. She is nine years old and HIV positive. When Simona’s mother found out about her illness five years ago, her first reaction was to tell everyone, looking for support.

“That’s when I found out who really was my friend, and who wasn’t, ”she said.“Quite a few people stopped visiting me and asked their children not to play with Simona any more.Because of this, quarrels began in my family with each trouble brought about by her diagnosis. My husband became more and more unfriendly toward me and toward Simona. He didn’t understand how important it was for Simona to receive regular examinations by a doctor or why she needed proper treatment for her sickness.”

When her mother tried to enroll(登记) Simona in a school, the teacher warned her that when other parents found out about her illness she would be shunned by the other children.

Simona’s mother looked for help and found a social worker from the Community Resource Center. The social worker helped her enroll Simona in another school and provided emotional, financial, and material support for the family. Simona’s parents were able to ease the tension(紧张)in the family. Her mother also now attends parenting classes and support groups at the Center.

The Community Resource Center provides not only many needed resources, but also a place where women can gain skills and self-confidence. It provides children with a place where they are accepted. At the Center parents and children find a place where they can grow and find the support they need to stay together and care for each other.

51.Many people prevented their children playing with Simona because___________.

A.she had no true friends                        B.she was a naughty girl

C.she lived with HIV                                 D.she had a strange character

52.Simona’s father thought that Simona____________.

A.shouldn’t bring so much trouble to them

B.should receive examinations regularly by a doctor

C.shouldn’t see the doctor for her sickness

D.should be treated properly for her sickness

53.Which of the following is NOT true according to this passage?

A.Simona has been living with HIV for five years.

B.Few people visited Simona’s mother because of Simona’s illness.

C.Simona’s mother received help from a social worker.

D. Simona was admitted immediately by the first school.

54.From the last paragraph we can draw a conclusion that____________.

A.all the children at the Center are strong and healthy

B.Simona’s mother learned little knowledge at the Center

C.children at the Center are very friendly to each other

D.women at the Center learn to accept each other