Weak: I need her financial input before I can guesstimate our expenditures next fall. Improved: I need her financial figures before I can estimate our expenditures next fall. 第四篇 错误篇 (1)英语写作常见错误与分析 下面我们对一些在英语写作中典型的病句实例逐一加以剖析． 一． 不一致 所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致.它还包括了数的不一致 时态不一致及代词不一 致等． 例1． When one have money ,he can do what he want to . (人一旦有了钱.他就能想干什么就干什么．) 剖析:one是单数第三人称.因而本句的have应改为has ;同理.want应改为wants.本句是典型的主谓不一致． 改为: Once one has money ,he can do what he wants 二． 修饰语错位 英语与汉语不同.同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置.句子的含义可能引起变化．对于这一点中国学生往往没有引起足够的重视.因而造成了不必要的误解．例1． I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus. 剖析:better位置不当.应置于句末． 三． 句子不完整 在口语中.交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等.不完整的句子完全可以被理解．可是书面语就不同了.句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清.这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后.笔者又想加些补充说明时发生． 例1． There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on . 剖析:本句后半部分＂for example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on . 不是一个完整的句子.仅为一些不连贯的词语.不能独立成句． 改为:There are many ways to know society ,for example ,by TV ,radio ,and newspaper. 四． 悬垂修饰语 所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清．例如:At the age of ten, my grandfather died. 这句中＂at the age of ten＂只点出十岁时.但没有说明 谁 十岁时．按一般推理不可能是my grandfather, 如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点.全句就不那么费解了． 改为: When I was ten, my grandfather died. 例1． To do well in college, good grades are essential. 剖析:句中不定式短语 “to do well in college 的逻辑主语不清楚． 改为: To do well in college, a student needs good grades. 五． 词性误用(Misuse of Parts of Speech) “词性误用 常表现为:介词当动词用,形容词当副词用,名词当动词用等． 例1． None can negative the importance of money. 剖析:negative 系形容词.误作动词. 改为: None can deny the importance of money. 六． 指代不清(Ambiguous Reference of Pronouns) 指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清.或者先后所用的代词不一致.试看下面这一句: Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid. (玛丽和我姐姐很要好.因为她要她做她的伴娘.) 读完上面这一句话.读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚.谁将当伴娘.如果我们把易于引起误解的代词的所指对象加以明确.意思就一目了然了.这个句子可改为: Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid. 例1. And we can also know the society by serving it yourself. 剖析:句中人称代词we 和反身代词yourself指代不一致.改为: We can also know society by serving it ourselves. 七． 不间断句子 什么叫run-on sentence?请看下面的例句. 例1． There are many ways we get to know the outside world. 剖析:这个句子包含了两层完整的意思:“There are many ways. 以及“We get to know the outside world. .简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了. 改为: There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world. 或: There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world 八． 措词毛病 Diction 是指在特定的句子中如何适当地选用词语的问题.囿于教学时间紧迫.教师平时在这方面花的时间往往极其有限.影响了学生在写作中没有养成良好的推敲.斟酌的习惯.他们往往随心所欲.拿来就用.所以作文中用词不当的错误比比皆是. 例1． The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution. (农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成了污染.) 剖析:显然.考生把obstacles“障碍 .“障碍物 误作substance“物质 了.另外“the increasing use 应改为“abusive use . 改为: The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution. 九． 累赘 言以简洁为贵.写句子没有一个多余的词,写段落没有一个无必要的句子.能用单词的不用词组,能用词组的不用从句或句子.如: In spite of the fact that he is lazy, I like him. 本句的“the fact that he is lazy 系同谓语从句.我们按照上述“能用词组的不用从句 可以改为:In spite of his laziness, I like him. 例1． For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need. 剖析:整个句子可以大大简化. 改为: Diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need. 十． 不连贯 不连贯是指一个句子前言不对后语.或是结构上不畅通.这也是考生常犯的毛病. 例1． The fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth. 剖析:The fresh water 与逗号后的it 不连贯.It 与things 在数方面不一致. 改为: Fresh water is the most important thing in the world. 十一． 综合性语言错误(Comprehensive Misusage) 所谓“综合性语言错误 .是指除了上述十种错误以外.还有诸如时态.语态.标点符号.大小写等方面的错误. 例1．Today, Money to everybody is very importance, our’s eat, cloth, live, go etc. (2)应用定语从句易犯的小错误 由于定语从句的结构和用法比较复杂.初学者在使用时往往容易犯一些错误.最常见的有如下七种: 【
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