题目列表(包括答案和解析)
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Seventeenth-century houses in colonial North American were simple structures that were primarily functional, carrying over traditional designs that went back to the Middle Ages. During the first half of the eighteen century, however, houses began to show a new elegance. As wealth increased, more and more colonist built fine houses.
Since architecture was not yet a specialized profession in the colonies, the design of buildings was left either to amateur (业余) designers or to carpenters who were engaged in translating architectural handbooks imported from England. Inventories of libraries shows an astonishing number of these handbooks for builders, and the houses built during the eighteenth century show their influence. Nevertheless, most household architecture of the first-quarters of the eighteenth century displays a wide divergence of taste and freedom of application of the rules laid down in these books.
Increasing wealth and growing sophistication (文化修养) throughout the colonies resulted in houses of improved design, whether the material was wood, stone, or brick. New England still favored wood, though brick houses became common in Boston and other towns, where the danger of fire gave an impetus (推动) to the use of more durable material. A few houses in New England were built of stone, but only in Pennsylvania and areas nearby was stone widely used in buildings. An increased use of brick in houses and outbuildings is noticeable in Virginia and Maryland, but wood remained the most popular material even in houses built by wealthy landowners. In the Carolinas, even in closely packed Charleston, wooden houses were much common than brick houses.
Eighteenth-century houses showed great interior improvements over the former ones. Windows were made larger and shutters removed. Large, clear panes replaced the small leaded glass of the seventeenth century. Doorways were larger and more decorative.
Fireplaces became decorative features of rooms. Walls were made of plaster or wood. White paint began to take the place of blues, yellows, greens, and lead colors, which had been popular for walls in the earlier years. After about 1730, advertisements for wallpaper styles in scenic patterns began to appear in colonial newspapers.
【小题1】What’s the passage mainly about?
| A．The improved design of eighteenth-century colonial houses. |
| B．A comparison of eighteenth-century houses and modern houses. |
| C．The decorations used in eighteenth-century houses. |
| D．The role of carpenters in building eighteenth-century houses. |
| A．More architects arrived in the colonies. |
| B．The colonists developed an interest in classical architecture. |
| C．Bricks were more readily available |
| D．The colonists had more money to spend on housing. |
| A．professional architects | B．customers | C．interior decorators | D．carpenters |
| A．generally ignored | B．broken by professional architects |
| C．not strictly stuck to | D．only followed by older builders |
| A．description | B．developing | C．difference | D．interest |
Seventeenth-century houses in colonial North American were simple structures that were primarily functional, carrying over traditional designs that went back to the Middle Ages. During the first half of the eighteen century, however, houses began to show a new elegance. As wealth increased, more and more colonist built fine houses.
Since architecture was not yet a specialized profession in the colonies, the design of buildings was left either to amateur (业余) designers or to carpenters who were engaged in translating architectural handbooks imported from England. Inventories of libraries shows an astonishing number of these handbooks for builders, and the houses built during the eighteenth century show their influence. Nevertheless, most household architecture of the first-quarters of the eighteenth century displays a wide divergence of taste and freedom of application of the rules laid down in these books.
Increasing wealth and growing sophistication (文化修养) throughout the colonies resulted in houses of improved design, whether the material was wood, stone, or brick. New England still favored wood, though brick houses became common in Boston and other towns, where the danger of fire gave an impetus (推动) to the use of more durable material. A few houses in New England were built of stone, but only in Pennsylvania and areas nearby was stone widely used in buildings. An increased use of brick in houses and outbuildings is noticeable in Virginia and Maryland, but wood remained the most popular material even in houses built by wealthy landowners. In the Carolinas, even in closely packed Charleston, wooden houses were much common than brick houses.
Eighteenth-century houses showed great interior improvements over the former ones. Windows were made larger and shutters removed. Large, clear panes replaced the small leaded glass of the seventeenth century. Doorways were larger and more decorative.
Fireplaces became decorative features of rooms. Walls were made of plaster or wood. White paint began to take the place of blues, yellows, greens, and lead colors, which had been popular for walls in the earlier years. After about 1730, advertisements for wallpaper styles in scenic patterns began to appear in colonial newspapers.
1.What’s the passage mainly about?
|
A．The improved design of eighteenth-century colonial houses. |
|
B．A comparison of eighteenth-century houses and modern houses. |
|
C．The decorations used in eighteenth-century houses. |
|
D．The role of carpenters in building eighteenth-century houses. |
2.What was one of the main reasons for the change in architectural style in eighteenth-century
North America?
|
A．More architects arrived in the colonies. |
|
B．The colonists developed an interest in classical architecture. |
|
C．Bricks were more readily available |
|
D．The colonists had more money to spend on housing. |
3.According to the passage, who was responsible for designing houses in eighteenth-century
North America?
|
A．professional architects |
B．customers |
C．interior decorators |
D．carpenters |
4.The passage implies that the rules described in architectural handbooks were ____________.
|
A．generally ignored |
B．broken by professional architects |
|
C．not strictly stuck to |
D．only followed by older builders |
5.The underlined word “divergence”欧 is closest in meaning to ________.
|
A．description |
B．developing |
C．difference |
D．interest |
My classmates called me “the alien”, and they avoided me like the plague（瘟疫）． As a young boy, I 1 from a serious skin disease, which filled my arms with scars．The true 2 of my condition, however, was social: I lived a life of loneliness．
Doctors predicted that I would never fully recover, but my parents encouraged me to hope for the future, teaching me that any difficulty could be 3_．I therefore took an active role in fighting against my disease, and my health 4 greatly before I graduated．I realized that my personal 5_ had led to this improvement．I regained self-confidence and made many friends at school．
Years later, 6 my personal battle against disease, I learned a great deal about 7 by overcoming difficulties．
I joined the Culture Club as a Special Event Director．I 8 a group of six students in organizing various activities．I was the most advanced student among the group, so I considered myself the most capable．But I quickly learned my 9．While preparing for our first presentation, I was 10 with my team members and often rejected their 11 ．I performed most of their tasks myself, allowing them to 12 me only with small details．As a result, the presentation was not very successful．The setback 13 me, and I mentioned it to the club’s director． She _14 that she trusted my ability to succeed in the future．This comment filled me with 15 , for I realized that I had never trusted my own team members．
Although they were 16 in English, they had many valuable talents．I immediately 17 my policy．For our program, we had many meetings, which gave 18 to many good ideas．Most 19_, the atmosphere among us improved dramatically．We were crazy and eager to devote time to the program, _20 I learned what true leadership is．
My experiences undoubtedly improved my ability to handle challenging situations．
1．A．judged B．separated C．prevented D．suffered
2．A．pain B．sign C．value D．meaning
3．A．overlooked B．overcome C．overdone D．overestimated
4．A．developed B．removed C．increased D．improved
5．A．joy B．goal C．will D．life
6．A．like B．over C．for D．in
7．A．ability B．quality C．leadership D．friendship
8．A．taught B．managed C．found D．followed
9．A．method B．mistake C．effort D．right
10．A．strict B．familiar C．patient D．satisfied
11．A．desires B．ideas C．tasks D．talents
12．A．help B．guide C．show D．remind
13．A．encouraged B．disturbed C．discouraged D．educated
14．A．found B．thought C．repeated D．responded
15．A．pride B．hope C．surprise D．delight
16．A．slow B．strong C．rich D．weak
17．A．deleted B．changed C．regretted D．considered
18．A．rise B．hand C．gift D．birth
19．A．importantly B．honestly C．necessarily D．respectably
20．A．and B．but C．or D．for
三、完形填空（共20小题；每小题1．5分，满分30分）
My classmates called me “the alien”, and they avoided me like the plague（瘟疫）. As a young boy, I 36 from a serious skin disease, which filled my arms with scars. The true 37 of my condition, however, was social: I lived a life of loneliness.
Doctors predicted that I would never fully recover, but my parents encouraged me to hope for the future, teaching me that any difficulty could be 38_. I therefore took an active role in fighting against my disease, and my health 39 greatly before I graduated. I realized that my personal 40_ had led to this improvement. I regained self-confidence and made many friends at school.
Years later, 41 my personal battle against disease, I learned a great deal about 42 by overcoming difficulties.
I joined the Culture Club as a Special Event Director. I 43 a group of six students in organizing various activities. I was the most advanced student among the group, so I considered myself the most capable. But I quickly learned my 44 . While preparing for our first presentation, I was 45 with my team members and often rejected their 46 . I performed most of their tasks myself, allowing them to 47 me only with small details. As a result, the presentation was not very successful. The setback 48 me, and I mentioned it to the club’s director. She _49 that she trusted my ability to succeed in the future. This comment filled me with 50 , for I realized that I had never trusted my own team members.
Although they were 51 in English, they had many valuable talents. I immediately 52 my policy. For our program, we had many meetings, which gave 53 to many good ideas. Most 54_, the atmosphere among us improved dramatically. We were crazy and eager to devote time to the program, _55 I learned what true leadership is.
My experiences undoubtedly improved my ability to handle challenging situations.
36．A．judged B．separated C．prevented D．suffered
37．A．pain B．sign C．value D．meaning
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