Doctors have known for a long time that extremely loud noises can cause hearing damage or loss. The noise can be the sound of a jet airplane or machines in factories of loud music or other common sound at home and at work. A person only needs to hear the noise for little more than one second to be affected.

An American scientist has found that using aspirin (阿斯匹林) increase the temporary (暂时的)hearing loss or damage from loud noise. He did an experiment using a number of students at a university who all had normal hearing. He gave them different amounts of aspirin for different periods of time, then he tested their hearing ability. He found that students who were given four grams of aspirin a day for two days suffered much greater temporary hearing loss than those who did not use aspirin. The hearing loss was about two times as great.

The scientist said millions of persons in the U.S. use much larger amounts of aspirin than were used in his experiment. He said these persons face a serious danger of suffering hearing loss from loud noise.

1.Doctors have long known that__________.

A．one may lose his hearing when he hears a terribly loud noise.

B．one may become deaf when he hears a loud noise.

C．loud noises can cause damage to the hearing of the young people only

D．common sounds at home are not harmful to the ear

2.This passage suggests that one’s hearing________.

A．will be damaged even if he has heard a loud noise for only little more than one second

B．will be damaged even if he has heard a loud noise less than one second

C．will not be damaged if he has heard a loud noise for only little more than one second

D．will not be damaged if he has little more than one second to get ready

3.One conclusion you can draw from the passage is that aspirin________.

A．makes hearing damage from loud noise worse

B．should never be taken more than four grams

C．can damage one’s hearing when it is given more than four grams daily

D．always increases hearing loss by two times

4.Millions of Americans are in danger of suffering hearing loss because they__________.

A．take too much aspirin

B．often take air trips

C．like listening to loud music

D．have too much loud noises at home and at work

5.The American scientist did his experiment in order to find ________.

A．how much aspirin would affect a person’s hearing

B．how much aspirin should be given in the treatment of the patients with hearing damage from loud noise

C．whether aspirin would increase the temporary hearing damage from loud noises

D．whether the people who had hearing damage should use aspirin

 

What is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics, biology, chemistry, geology, engineering, medicine or any other science?

We all know that science plays an important role in our societies. However, many people believe that our progress depends on two different aspects of science. The first aspect is the application of the machines, products and systems of knowledge that scientists and technologists develop. The second is the application of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.

What are these special methods of thinking and acting? First of all, it seems that a successful scientist is curious - he wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually pays attention to problems which he notices have no satisfying explanation, and looks for relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected. Moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves.

He is a good observer, accurate, patient and objective（客观的） and uses the facts he observes to the fullest. For example, trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum（光谱）.

He does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available. He rejects authority as the only basis for truth. Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively.

Furthermore, he does not readily accept his own idea, since he knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation.

Lastly, he is full of imagination since he often has to look for relationships in data which are not only complex but also frequently incomplete. Furthermore, he needs imagination if he wants to guess how processes work and how events take place.

These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts.

1.Many people believe that science helps society to progress through ________.

A. knowledge                                         B. more than one aspect

C. technology                                         D. the use of machines

2.Which of the following statements about a curious scientist is TRUE?

A. He doesn’t find confidence and pleasure in work.

B. He makes efforts to investigate potential connections.

C. He is interested in problems that are explained.

D. He looks for new ways of acting.

3.According to the passage, a successful scientist would NOT ________.

A. easily believe in unchecked statements

B. easily criticize others’ research work

C. always use his imagination in work

D. always use evidence from observation

4.Which word can be used to describe the data that a good scientist uses?

A. complete         B. accurate           C. objective               D. complicated

5.What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. Application of technology

B. Progress in modem society.

C. Scientists’ ways of thinking and acting

D. How to become a successful scientist.

 

After the new machine was introduced, the factory produced _____ in 2011 as the year before.

A．twice as many machines

B．twice many as machines

C．as twice many machines

D．as many machines twice

 

In the United States, 30 percent of the people have a “weight problem”. To many people the cause is obvious (明显的): they eat too much. But scientific evidence (证据) does little to support this idea. Going back to America of 1910, we find that people were thinner than today, yet they at e more food. In those days people worked harder physically, walked more, used machines much less, and didn’t watch television.

Several modern studies, moreover, have shown that fatter people don’t eat more on average than thinner people. A 1979 study of 3,545 London office workers showed that fat people eat less than slim (苗条的) people.

Studies also show that slim people are more active than fat people. A study by a research group at Stanford University found the following interesting facts:

The more the man ran, the greater loss of the body fat.

The more they ran, the greater increase in food intake.

Thus, those who ran the most ate the most, yet lost the greatest amount of body fat.

1.Nowadays many Americans have the problem that ______.

A．they are too slim	B．they work too hard
C．they are too fat	D．they lose too much body fat

2.According to the passage, how many people in 900 Americans have a “weight problem”?

A．150.

B．300.

C．600.

D．270.

3.Is there any scientific evidence to support the idea that eating too much is the cause of a “weight problem”?

A．Yes, there is plenty of evidence.

B．Of course, there is some evidence to support this.

C．There is hardly any scientific evidence to support this.

D．We are not sure.

4.The Americans in 1910 ________.

A．ate more food and had more physical activities

B．ate less food but had more physical activities

C．ate less food and had less physical activities

D．had more problems

 

Thomas Edison tried two thousand different materials to make the light bulb. When none worked successfully, his assistant __16_, “All our work is in vain. We have learned nothing.”

Thomas Edison replied very __17_, “Oh, we have come a long way and we have _18__ a lot. We now know that there are two thousand materials which we cannot _19__ to make a good light bulb.”

If you learn from your mistakes, then you are _20__. If you learn from someone else’s mistakes, then you are a genius. Success is nothing more than a few simple disciplines __21__ daily and failure is nothing more than a few small __22_ repeated daily.

How __23_ the above lines are! Success takes __24_. We’ll make mistakes _25__ we do things in too much of a hurry. When we do not practice disciplines in life, we don’t build enough confidence to __26__ new and challenging tasks which are important and matter in life. Our confidence __27__ what we think of ourselves and whether we believe in ourselves. We are all born with exceptional _28__, but only a few really _29___ their true potentials and make efforts in life and the others just lead a(n) _30__ life. Do you want to be exceptional?

Success is a fruit which everyone wants to _31__, but it is not found everywhere and no one can __32_ it without serious efforts.

Those who want to succeed will find a way; those who don’t will find a(n) _33__!

Success depends on previous __34__, and without it we will end in failure.

When you are __35__, please enjoy it and give your hand to others who want to accomplish something.                  

1.                A．celebrated      B．complained      C．explained D．answered

 

2.                A．confidently      B．madly          C．carelessly D．angrily

 

3.                A．remembered    B．refused         C．learned   D．ordered

 

4.                A．test            B．ignore          C．invent    D．use

 

5.                A．healthy         B．enthusiastic      C．intelligent D．generous

 

6.                A．shown         B．prevented       C．recorded D．practiced

 

7.                A．errors          B．machines       C．jobs D．steps

 

8.                A．common        B．strange         C．familiar   D．true

 

9.                A．effect          B．time           C．drugs D．roles

 

10.               A．as though       B．so that         C．unless D．if

 

11.               A．keep          B．attempt        C．give  D．see

 

12.               A．depends on     B．sets aside       C．turns down D．sets up

 

13.               A．appearance     B．experiences     C．qualities   D．feelings

 

14.               A．own           B．realize         C．provide   D．research

 

15.               A．active          B．hard           C．rich  D．average

 

16.               A．sell            B．draw           C．eat   D．praise

 

17.               A．achieve        B．watch          C．offer D．recognize

 

18.               A．story          B．excuse         C．key   D．plan

 

19.               A．preparation     B．influence       C．life   D．generation

 

20.               A．powerful       B．wonderful      C．successful D．hopeful