A German study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse.

　　The paper, published this March in Psychology and Aging, examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40,000 Germans between ages 18 and 96. The surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.

　　Survey respondents (受访者) were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, among other questions.

　　The researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middle-aged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future. Adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction. Not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would, the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period.

　　“We observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade,” wrote Frieder R. Lang, a professor at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg.

　　Lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.

　　“Seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions (预防措施),” the authors wrote.

　　Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline. Also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.

　　T  Pessimism gurantees chances of survival.he authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions. Illness, medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.

　　However, the researchers said a pattern was clear. “We found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic,” the authors concluded.

　　67. According to the study, who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction?

　　A. Optimistic adults.

　　B. Middle-aged adults.

　　C. Adults in poor health.

　　D. Adults of lower income.

　　68. Pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people ______.

　　A. to fully enjoy their present life

　　B. to estimate their contribution accurately

　　C. to take measures against potential risks

　　D. to value health more highly than wealth

　　69. How do people of higher income see their future?

　　A. They will earn less money.

　　B. They will become pessimistic.

　　C. They will suffer mental illness.

　　D. They will have less time to enjoy life.

　　70. What is the clear conclusion of the study?

　　A. Pessimism guarantees chances of survival.

　　B. Good financial condition leads to good health.

　　C. Medical treatment determines health outcomes.

　　D. Expectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.

　　

 请根据句子逻辑, 从模块二课本所学的词汇中选用恰当的单词并且使用其正确的形式填空。

81．Only those who were born in Greece could be a_____________ as competitors in the Ancient Olympic Games.

82．If you want to sell your books, put an a_________ in the newspaper.

83．The number of participants has d_________ to 50, which we didn’t expect.

84．My uncle has a valuable mirror designed and d__________　in the fancy style of the Song Dynasty.

85．I would a_____________ it if you could do me a favour.

86．According to Darwin, who is famous for his theory of evolution（进化理论）, all creatures are subject to（受制于）the principle of natural s__________.

87．You had better s_______ the steps of operating the machine so that every body can learn them quickly and accurately（准确地）.

88．The football match between Arsenal and Manchester United will be b_________ live this evening.

89．Learning to play a kind of musical instrument can make you more i_________(聪明).

90．Whoever breaks the window should take the r___________________ and should pay for it.

 

 

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

注意：请将答案转写到答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

A great life doesn't happen by accident. It is the result of allocating(分配) your time, energy, thoughts, and hard work towards what you want your life to be. Stop setting yourself up for stress and failure, and start setting up your life to support success and ease. It is the result of using what you get in a creative and thoughtful way, instead of just what comes next.　1.

S—Simplify. A great life is the result of simplifying your life. People often misinterpret what simplify means. It's not a way to remove work from your life.  2.In order to create a great life, you will have to make room for it in yours first.

E—Effort. A great life is the result of your best effort. Creating it requires that you make some adjustments. It may mean re-evaluating how you spend your time, or choosing to spend your money in a different way. Life will reward your best effort.

　C—Create priorities（首要事情）. A great life is the result of creating priorities. It's easy to spend your days just responding to the next thing that gets your attention, instead of intentionally using the time, energy and money you have in a way that's important to you.  3.

R—Remove distractions (分心). A great life is the result of removing distractions.  4.Removing distractions can be a difficult concept to many people, since they haven't really considered that there is another way to live. Find ways to free up your mental energy for things that are more important to you.

　 T—Thoughts.  5.Your belief in the outcome will directly determine how successful you are. Motivated people have specific goals and look for ways to achieve them. Believing there is a solution to the same old problems you encounter year after year is vitally important to creating a life that you love.

A. When you focus on simplifying your life, you free up energy and time for the work that you enjoy and the purpose for which you are here.

B. A great life is the result of having reserves—reserves of things, time, space, energy and money.

C. Today, right now, is the right day to start to take a step in the direction of your heart’s desires.

D. Up to 75% of your mental energy can be tied up in things that stop you concentrating.

E. Now please use “secrets” to fit your own needs and style, and start creating your own great life today.

F. A great life is the result of controlling your thoughts so that you accept and allow for the possibility that it actually can happen to you!

G. Focus on removing the obstacles that get in the way of you making sure you are honoring your priorities.　

 

New York City schoolchildren can’t use cellphones at school because of Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg’s ban on cellphones in schools. Many parents are opposed to Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg’s ban on cellphones in schools by e-mail messages.

　 There was a 13-year-old student who was shot with a gun after school, unable to call his mother for help. There was a high school student robbed three times last year, twice in her school building. There was a girl who got a piece of glass placed in her eye during school and was saved from a possible cornea transplant (角膜移植) only because, having disobeyed the cellphone ban, she was able to call her mother and get an operation on time.

　 The ban has been on for years, but it set off a widespread parental outcry only in April, after some headmasters sent home letters reminding parents that cellphones are not allowed to be brought into school.

　 Mr Bloomberg has defended the ban, saying that cellphones are bad and often used to cheat or call in friends for fights. If something is important, he says, parents can call schools directly.

　 On the other hand, many of the e-mail messages from parents described the ban as “cruel and heartless”, “absurdly(荒谬地) wrong-headed”, “anti-parent”, “ridiculous”.

　 “We respect the fears that parents have,” David Cantor, a spokesman for Schools Minister Joel I. Klein said, “but after all the fact is that having phones in schools always leads to more problems.”

69. A 13-year-old student was shot with a gun after school, unable to call his mother for help, because ____.

A. his mother had no cellphone　　 　

B. his mother wasn’t at home

C. he didn’t take a cellphone with him

D. he was too frightened to call

70. From the fifth paragraph we can see many parents _________ the ban.

A. agreed to　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. thought highly of　　

C. supported　 　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. were opposed to

71. According to what the spokesman said, the school might _______.

A. call off the ban　　　　　　　　 B. continue the ban

C. thank the parents　　　　　　　　　　 D. allow some students to use cellphones at school