Florence Nightingale（南丁格尔） was born in a rich family. When she was young she took lessons in music and drawing, and read great books. She also traveled a great deal with her mother and father. 
As a child she felt that visiting sick people was both a duty and a pleasure. She enjoyed helping them. 
At last mind was made up. “I’m going to be a nurse,” she decided. 
“Nursing isn’t the right work for a lady,” her father told her. 
“Then I will make it so, “she smiled. And she went to learn nursing in Germany and France. When she returned to England, Florence started a nursing home for home. During the Crimean War in 1854 she went with a group of thirty eight nurses to the front hospitals. What they saw there was terrible. Dirt and death were everywhere to be seen — and smelled. The officer there did not want any woman to tell him how to run a hospital, either. But the brave nurse went to work. 
Florence used her own money and some from friends to buy clothes, beds, medicine and food for the men. Her only pay was in smiles from the lips of dying soldiers. But they were more than enough for this kind woman. 
After she returned to England, she was honored for her services by Queen Victoria. But Florence said that her work had just begun. She raised money to build the Nightingale Home for Nurses in London. She also wrote a book on public health, which was printed in several countries. 
Florence Nightingale died at the age of ninety, still trying to serve others through her work as a nurse. Indeed, it is because of her that we honor nurses today. 
【小题1】When she was a child, Florence ____ .

 Only if you put ______ sun there did the movements of the other planets in ______ sky make sense.

A. the; 不填             B. the; the                C. 不填; the             D. a; the

In kindergarten your idea of a good friend was the person who let you have the red crayon(蜡笔) when all that was left was the ugly black one.

In primary school your ___1___ of a good friend was the person who went to the bathroom with you; ___2___ your hand as you walked through the scary(可怕的) halls; ___3___ their lunch with you when you left ___4___ on the bus; saved a ___5___ on the back of the bus for you; knew ___6___ you had a crush on(迷恋) and never understood why. In ___7___ school your idea of a good friend was the person who let you ___8___ their social studies homework; went to that “cool” party with you  ___9___ you wouldn’t wind up(结束) being the only fresher there; did not let you lunch ___10___.

In pre-university your idea of a good friend was the person who gave you___11___ in their new car;  comforted you when you broke up with Nick or Susan: found you a(n) ___12___ to the prom(舞会) or went to the prom with you(both without dates); helped you pick a university and assured you that you would get into that ___13___; helped you deal with your parents who were having a ___14___ time letting you go.

On the threshold(开始) of ___15___  your idea of a good friend was the person who was there ___16___ you just couldn’t deal with your parents; assured you that now you and Nick or you and Susan were ___17___ together, you could make it through anything; just silently hugged you as you ___18___ through blurry(模糊的) eyes at 18 years of memories; and reassured you that you would ___19___ it in university as well as you had these past 18 years; and most importantly ___20___ you off to university knowing you were loved.

1. A. idea       B. thought      C. mind   D. sight

2. A. placed    B. shook  C. held    D. waved

3. A. cooked   B. seized C. shared D. bought

4. A. ours       B. hers    C. his      D. yours

5. A. ticket     B. seat     C. chair   D. stand

6. A. what      B. that     C. who    D. why

7. A. primary  B. secondary   C. college       D. pre-university

8. A. do   B. see      C. check  D. copy

9. A. and B. so       C. as       D. but

10. A. together       B. far      C. lonely D. alone

11. A. seat      B. time    C. money       D. rides

12. A. car       B. excuse C. friend D. date

13. A. school  B. prom  C. club    D. university

14. A. good    B. wonderful  C. hard    D. modern

15. A. boy      B. baby   C. child   D. adulthood

16. A. where   B. when  C. how    D. why

17. A. back     B. happy C. up      D. over

18. A. looked  B. went   C. came   D. passed

19. A. have     B. get      C. make  D. take

20. A. put       B. got     C. took    D. sent

Only if you put ______ sun there did the movements of the other planets in ______ sky make sense.

If we were asked exactly what we were doing a year ago，we should probably have to say that we could not remember. But if we had kept a book and had written in it an account of what we did each day，we should be able to give an answer to the question.

It is the same in history. Many things have been forgotten because we do not have any written account of them. Sometimes men did keep a record of the most important happenings in their country，but often it was destroyed by fire or in a war．Sometimes there was never any written record at all because the people of that time and place did not know how to write．For example，we know a good deal about the people who lived in China 4，000 years ago, because they could write and leave written records for those who lived after them．But we know almost nothing about the people who lived even 200 years ago in central Africa, because they had not learned to write．

Sometimes,of course，even if the people cannot write，they may know something of the past．They have heard about it from older people，and often songs and dances and stories have been made about the most important happenings，and these have been sung and acted and told for many generations .For most people are proud to tell what their fathers did in the past．This we may call ’remembered history’．Some of it has now been written down. It is not so exact or so valuable to us as written history is，because words are much more easily changed when used again and again in speech than when copied in writing．But where there are no written records，such spoken stories are often very helpful．

1.．We know very little about the central Africa 200 years ago because ___

2.．“Remembered history”refers to ___．

3.．“Remembered history”is regarded as valuable only when ____.

4. .The passage suggests that we could have learned much more about our past than we do now if the ancient people had _____