Now let’s look ourselves as a species in relation to ecosystem balance.Modern scientists believe that humankind, like other animals, evolved(进化) through millions of years of changes and adaptations to the environment and that our most direct evolutionary ancestor was probably an earlier species of the primate(monkey, ape) group. Despite this similarity with other creatures, however, the evolution of humankind differs from that of other species in one important and unique way.
In other species, evolution has led to specialization, both in the species abilities and in its place within the environmental structure. For example, the giraffe is much adapted to feeding on treetops, but it is also specialized and thus limited to feeding on trees and shrubs. Only with great difficulty can it bend down to graze on the ground. Similarly, the anteater is extremely well adapted to eating ants but is unable to catch or eat other animals. The same is true for countless other species.
For humankind it is opposite. Our evolution had led to a very generalized ability. Our highly developed intelligence and ability to make and handle tools mean that we can do almost anything. Humans evolved in such a way that we are able to move into every environment on Earth and even into space. No natural competitor offers great resistance, and other natural enemies such as disease have been controlled.
Said another way, we see in humankind a great imbalance between biological potential and environmental resistance. The result is the rapidly increasing world population, frequently referred to as the population explosion. Further, to support our growing population, natural ecosystems are being increasingly displaced by human habitations, agriculture, and other human supporting activities.
【小题1】From the passage we can infer that in the course of evolution _______.

A．humankind is very important to earlier species, such as the primate group

B．human beings are limited by the environment while animals are not

C．human beings become more and more different from each other

D．humankind has experienced a generalization rather than specialization in ability

【小题2】According to the passage, primate includes such animals as _______.

A．monkeys and anteaters	B．tigers and apes
C．apes and monkeys	D．monkeys and giraffes

【小题3】According to the passage, evolution has made it possible for humans to _______.

A．increase the population

B．resist natural offers

C．go to the moon

D．cure all diseases

【小题4】According to the author, imbalance between biological potential and environ mental resistance has resulted in _______.

A．the population explosion

B．the destruction of human habitations

C．the growth of natural ecosystem

D．the specialization of humans

Now let’s look ourselves as a species in relation to ecosystem balance．Modern scientists believe that humankind，like other animals，evolved(进化)through millions of years of changes and adaptations to the environment and that our most direct evolutionary ancestor was probably all earlier species of the primate(monkey ,ape)group．Despite this similarity with other creatures，however ,the evolution of humankind differs from that of other species in one important and unique way．

In other species evolution has led to specialization．both in the species abilities and in its place within the environmental structure．For example．the giraffe is much adapted to feeding on treetops，but it is also specialized and thus limited to feeding on trees and shrubs(灌木)．Only with great difficulty can it bend down to graze on the ground．Similarly, the anteater is extremely well adapted to eating ants but is unable to catch or eat other animals．The same is true for countless other species．

For humankind it is opposite．Our evolution had led to a very generalized ability．Our highly developed intelligence and ability to make and handle tools mean that we can do almost anything．Humans evolved in such a way that we are able to move into every environment on Earth and even into space．No natural competitor offers great resistance，and other natural enemies such as disease have been controlled．

Said another way , we see in humankind a great imbalance between biological potential and environmental resistance．The result is the rapidly increasing world population，frequently referred to as the population explosion．Further ,to support our growing population，natural ecosystems are being increasingly displaced by human habitations，agriculture，and other human supporting activities．

From the passage we can infer that in the course of evolution              .

A．humankind is very important to earlier species，such as the primate group

B．human beings are limited by the environment while animals are not

C．human beings become more and more different from each other

D．humankind has experienced a generalization rather than specialization in ability

According to the passage，primate includes such animals as

A．monkeys and anteaters         B．tigers and apes

C．apes and monkeys             D．monkeys and giraffes

According to the passage，evolution has made it possible for humans to

A．increase the population         B．resist natural offers

C．go to the moon                D．cure all diseases

Humans evolved in such a way that we are able to move into every environment on Earth and even into space．

According to the author, imbalance between biological potential and environmental

resistance has resulted in               

A．the population explosion            B．the destruction of human habitations

C．the growth of natural ecosystem      D．the specialization of humans

Now let's look ourselves as a species in relation to ecosystem balance.Modern scientists believe that humankind, like other animals, evolved(进化) through millions of years of changes and adaptations to the environment and that our most direct evolutionary ancestor was probably an earlier species of the primate(monkey, ape) group. Despite this similarity with other creatures, however, the evolution of humankind differs from that of other species in one important and unique way.

In other species, evolution has led to specialization, both in the species abilities and in its place within the environmental structure. For example, the giraffe is much adapted to feeding on treetops, but it is also specialized and thus limited to feeding on trees and shrubs. Only with great difficulty can it bend down to graze on the ground. Similarly, the anteater is extremely well adapted to eating ants but is unable to catch or eat other animals. The same is true for countless other species.

For humankind it is opposite. Our evolution had led to a very generalized ability. Our highly developed intelligence and ability to make and handle tools mean that we can do almost anything. Humans evolved in such a way that we are able to move into every environment on Earth and even into space. No natural competitor offers great resistance, and other natural enemies such as disease have been controlled.

Said another way, we see in humankind a great imbalance between biological potential and environmental resistance. The result is the rapidly increasing world population, frequently referred to as the population explosion. Further, to support our growing population, natural ecosystems are being increasingly displaced by human habitations, agriculture, and other human supporting activities.

1.From the passage we can infer that in the course of evolution _______.

A. humankind is very important to earlier species, such as the primate group

B. human beings are limited by the environment while animals are not

C. human beings become more and more different from each other

D. humankind has experienced a generalization rather than specialization in ability

2.According to the passage, primate includes such animals as _______.

A. monkeys and anteaters                    B. tigers and apes 

C. apes and monkeys                         D. monkeys and giraffes

3.According to the passage, evolution has made it possible for humans to _______.

A. increase the population                     

B. resist natural offers 

C. go to the moon                          

D. cure all diseases

4.According to the author, imbalance between biological potential and environ mental resistance has resulted in _______.

A. the population explosion                    

B. the destruction of human habitations

C. the growth of natural ecosystem             

D. the specialization of humans

 

Shundagarh is a village on India's east-facing coast.It is a village of simple mud and grass houses built on the beach just above the waterline.The Khadra Hills rise immediately behind the village,to a height of one hundred and fifty meters.A simple,good-hearted old man,whose name was Jalpur,farmed two small fields on the very edge of these hills.From his fields he could see the fishing boats that travelled up and down the coast.He could see the children playing on the sands;their mothers washing clothes on the flat stones where the Shiva River flowed into the sea;and their fathers landing the latest catch or repairing nets and telling stories that had no end.

All Jalpur owned in the world were the clothes he wore day in and day out,the miserable hut(小屋) that he slept in at night,a few tools and cooking pots—and his fields.The corn that he grew was all that made life possible.If the weather was kind and the harvest was good,Jalpur could live happily enough—not well,but happily.When the sun was fierce,and there was little or no rain,then he came close to the line between life and death.

Last year the weather had been so kind,and the harvest promised to be so good,that Jalpur had been wondering whether he could sell all that he had and live with his son farther up the coast.He had been thinking about doing this for some years.It was his dearest wish to spend his last days with his son and his wife.But he would go only if he could give;he would not go if it meant taking food out of the mouths of his grandchildren.He would rather die hungry than do this.

On the day when Jalpur decided that he would harvest his corn,sell it,and move up the coast,he looked out to sea and saw a huge wave,several kilometers out,advancing on the coast and on the village of Shundagarh.Within ten minutes everyone in Shundagarh would be drowned.Jalpur would have shouted,but the people were too far away to hear.He would have run down the hill,but he was too old to run.He was prepared to do anything to save the people of Shundagarh,so he did the only thing that he could do: he set fire to his corn.In a matter of seconds the flames were rising high and smoke was rising higher.Within a minute the people of Shundagarh were racing up the hill to see what had happened.There,in the middle of his blackened cornfield,they found Jalpur;and there they buried him.

On his grave,they wrote the words: Here lies Jalpur,a man who gave,living: a man who died,giving.

Which of the following could Jalpur NOT see from his Fields?

A.Mothers washing clothes.

B.Fathers taking their corn to market.

C.Fishing boats traveling on the sea.

D.Children playing on the sands.

Why didn't Jalpur live well?

A.He didn't work hard.

B.He had too many children to feed.

C.He only depended on good weather and harvest for survival.

D.The villagers kept taking his corn.

Jalpur's dearest wish was to _________.

A.move away from his son

B.take a vacation up the coast

C.make a great deal of money in order to live an easy life

D.spend his last days with his son and his wife

What did Jalpur do when he saw the huge wave?

A.He set his corn on fire so the people of Shundagarh would leave the beach.

B.He screamed loudly to get the villagers' attention.

C.He ran down the hill to tell the people.

D.He stood still,not knowing what to do.

 

Now let’s look ourselves as a species in relation to ecosystem balance.Modern scientists believe that humankind, like other animals, evolved(进化) through millions of years of changes and adaptations to the environment and that our most direct evolutionary ancestor was probably an earlier species of the primate(monkey, ape) group. Despite this similarity with other creatures, however, the evolution of humankind differs from that of other species in one important and unique way.

In other species, evolution has led to specialization, both in the species abilities and in its place within the environmental structure. For example, the giraffe is much adapted to feeding on treetops, but it is also specialized and thus limited to feeding on trees and shrubs. Only with great difficulty can it bend down to graze on the ground. Similarly, the anteater is extremely well adapted to eating ants but is unable to catch or eat other animals. The same is true for countless other species.

For humankind it is opposite. Our evolution had led to a very generalized ability. Our highly developed intelligence and ability to make and handle tools mean that we can do almost anything. Humans evolved in such a way that we are able to move into every environment on Earth and even into space. No natural competitor offers great resistance, and other natural enemies such as disease have been controlled.

Said another way, we see in humankind a great imbalance between biological potential and environmental resistance. The result is the rapidly increasing world population, frequently referred to as the population explosion. Further, to support our growing population, natural ecosystems are being increasingly displaced by human habitations, agriculture, and other human supporting activities.

1.From the passage we can infer that in the course of evolution _______.

A. humankind is very important to earlier species, such as the primate group

B. human beings are limited by the environment while animals are not

C. human beings become more and more different from each other

D. humankind has experienced a generalization rather than specialization in ability

2.According to the passage, primate includes such animals as _______.

A. monkeys and anteaters                                                 B. tigers and apes

C. apes and monkeys                                                           D. monkeys and giraffes

3.According to the passage, evolution has made it possible for humans to _______.

A. increase the population

B. resist natural offers

C. go to the moon

D. cure all diseases

4.According to the author, imbalance between biological potential and environ mental resistance has resulted in _______.

A. the population explosion

B. the destruction of human habitations

C. the growth of natural ecosystem

D. the specialization of humans