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People often say that money talks. They mean that a person with a lot of money can say how he or she wants things done. But it is not easy to earn enough money to gain this kind of power. Ask anyone in a business, they will tell you that it is a jungle out there. The expression probably began because the jungle is filled with wild animals and unknown dangers that threaten people. Sometimes people in business feel competing businesses are as dangerous as wild animals. And they feel that unknown dangers in the business world frighten the survival of their business.

People in business have to be careful, if they are to survive the jungle out there. They must not be led into making bogus investments. Bogus means something that it is not real. Nobody is sure how the word got started. But it began to appear in a American newspapers in 1800s. A newspaper in Boston Massachusetts said the word came from a criminal whose name was Bogazy. The newspaper said Bogazy wrote checks to people, although he did not have enough money in the bank. After he wrote the checks, he would flee from town. So people who were paid with his checks received nothing. The newspaper said Americans shortened and changed to the criminal's name Bogazy to bogus.

People try to earn money also must be aware of being ripped off. A person who is ripped off has had something stolen or at least has been treated very unfairly. A writer for the magazine American Speech said he first saw the expression used in 1971. It was on a sign that a student carried during a protest demonstration at a university. The message on the sign was that the student felt ripped off or cheated. Perhaps the best way to prevent getting ripped off in business is to not try to get rich quickly.

To be successful, a person in business works hard and tries to get down to brass tacks. This expression means to get to the bottom or most important part of something. For example, a salesman may talk and talk about his product without saying the price. You get down to brass tacks when you say it sounds good but how much does it cost?

Word expert Charles Funk thinks the expression comes from sailors on ships. They clean the bottom of a boat. When they have removed all the dirt, they are down to the brass tacks, the copper pieces that hold the boat together. So if we get down to brass tacks, we can prevent rip-offs and bogus ways of earning money in that jungle out there. And some good luck will help too.

1.This passage is mainly written to________.

A. explain several expressions related to money

B. tell us some skills of learning English words

C. tell us the secret of how to do business

D. tell us the power of money

2.People compare doing business to being in a jungle because________.

A. doing business is as exciting as living in a jungle

B. businessmen are as dangerous as animals in a jungle

C. doing business is as difficult as living in a jungle

D. businessmen are as careful as people living in a jungle

3.If we say something is bogus, we probably mean it is not________.

A. real                          B.beautiful                        C.good                               D.new

4.According to Paragraph 2,where did the word "bogus" come from? _________

A. The name of a very successful businessman.

B. The name of a criminal who cheated others.

C. The name of a famous newspaper in Boston.

D. The name of a check written by a criminal.

 

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Even facts “forgotten” by people during a busy day may be retrieved if this is followed by a good night’s sleep.

Researchers from the University of Chicago asked volunteers to remember simple words.Many found their memories letting them down towards the end of the day, but the following morning, those who had slept well could recall much more.

Researchers, writing in the journal Nature, said the brain could “rescue” lost memories during the night.

When the brain is first asked to remember something that memory is laid down in an “unstable” state, meaning that it is possible that it could be lost.At some point, the brain consolidates those it deems important into a “stable”, more permanent state.However, the Chicago researchers suggested that it was possible for a “stable” memory to be made “unstable” again.This would mean that memories could be modified then filed away again in the face of new experiences.

The 12 volunteers tested in the experiment were played words created through a speech synthesizer which were purposely difficult to understand.Initially, the written version of the word  from the audio version only.Tests revealed that the ability to recall the right word tended to tail off as the day ended.

However, when the volunteers were retested after a good night’s sleep, they were able to recall some words that they had “ forgotten” the previous evening.

Dr Daniel, one of the study authors, said: “Sleep consolidates memories, protecting them against subsequent interference or decay.Sleep also appears to “recover” or restore memories.” He said: “If performance is reduced by decay, sleep might actively recover what has been lost.”

Dr Karim Nader, from the Department of Psychology in McGill University in Montreal, said: “Memory research is undergoing a transformation---no longer is memory thought to be a hard-writing of the brain, instead it seems to be a process of storage and restorage.”

Sleep helps some memories “mature” and also prunes out unimportant memories.

What does the first paragraph implies?

       A.A busy day makes people forget things easily.

       B.People need a good night’s sleep after a busy day.

       C.A good night’s sleep helps memories.

       D.A good night’s sleep helps people forget a busy day.

The words the 12 volunteers played in the experiment were not ____

       A.created through a speech synthesizer

       B.hard to understand

       C.available at the beginning

       D.designed to test people’s ability of understanding

According to the passage, memory_____

       A.is a hard-writing of the brain

       B.is not a process of storage

       C.is not a process of restorage

       D.will be mature with the help of sleep

Which of the following is NOT true?

       A.When people first remember something, the memory is in an “unstable state”.

       B.The brain will change those important unstable memories into stable.

       C.Once the memory become stable, it will never become unstable again.

       D.Sleep can protect memories from being harmed.

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As we get older, most of us worry about grey hair, wrinkles and maintaining a youthful body. But people often don’t realize the voice needs looking after. Here, Mr. Rubin, a voice expert, reveals how to keep your voice youthful.

Drink more fluid and avoid spicy food

You need water for the vocal cords(声带) to vibrate(振动) well. The body must be kept hydrated enough to make the vocal cords operate well. Drinking 1.5 liters of water a day at intervals of 15 minutes is very important. Mr. Rubin advises avoiding foods with an annoying effect on the stomach, such as onions, chili, fizzy drinks and chocolate.

Rest the throat and talk regularly

The vocal cords can be scared if you use your voice during a bad cough. If you have a case of laryngitis(喉炎) with a cold, you should rest your voice for a day or two, and seek medical advice.

Simply staying sociable and using your voice is very important. “As older people get less mobile, they can become socially isolated and speak less.” says Mr. Rubin. “The elderly need to communicate with people more. By using the vocal cords, they enable the ageing process to slow down. ”

Improve your posture

Good posture is essential to keeping the voice young, so we’d better stand properly. Exercise helps you take deeper breaths as it means there is better airflow through the voice box, producing a stronger tone.

Sing in the shower

This is one of the best ways to preserve your voice, as it keeps the larynx muscles strong while the steam lubricates(使润滑) the voice box. “Singing is gymnastics for the voice,” says Mr. Rubin. Joining a choir is one of the best ways to preserve a youthful tone.

1.Mr. Rubin gives us advice on ________.

A.ways to keep us from aging

B.ways to talk with other people

C.ways to keep our voice youthful

D.prevention of diseases caused by talking too much

2.Which of the following statements is TRUE in the opinion of Mr. Rubin?

A.We should stand properly to keep our voice youthful.

B.Professional singers’ voices tend to age quickly.

C.The steam can do great harm to the voice.

D.Taking more onions can keep us healthy.

3.To protect the voice, the old people should       .

A.get less mobile                         B.communicate with others more

C.avoid using the voice                     D.lie in bed more

4.What can we learn from the text?

A.Most people have realized the importance of protecting voice.

B.It’s hard to keep the vocal cords strong through exercise.

C.Singing in the shower is among the best ways to keep our voice youthful.

D.Shouting now and then benefits our vocal cords.

 

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We all know what it is like to be unable to turn your head because of a cold in the muscles of your neck, or because an unexpected twist has made your neck ache and stiff. Your whole body feels tight. The slightest move makes you jump with pain. Nothing could be worse than a pain in the neck. That is why we use phrase to describe some people who give you the same feeling. We have all met such people.

One is the man who always seems to be clapping his hands—often at the wrong time—during a performance in the theater. He keeps you from hearing the actors.

Even worse are those who can never arrive before the curtain goes up and play begins. They come hurrying down to your row of seats. You are comfortably settled down, with your hat and heavy coat in your lap. You must stand up to let them pass. You are proud of your self-control after they have settled into their seats…Well, what now…Good God, one of them is up again. He forgot to go to the men’s room, and once more you have to stand up, hanging on to your hat and coat to let him pass. Now, that is “a pain in the neck.”

Another, well-known to us all, is the person sitting behind you in the movies. His mouth is full of popcorn; he is chewing loudly, or talking between bites to friends next to him. None of them remain still. Up and down, back and forth, they go for another bag of popcorn, or something to drink.

Then, there is the main sitting next to you at a lunch counter smoking a smelly cigar. He wants you to enjoy it too, and blows smoke across your food into your mouth.

We must not forget the man who comes into a bus or subway car and sits down next to you, just as close as you will let him. You are reading the newspaper and he leans over and stretches his neck so that he can read the paper with you. He may even turn the paper to the next page before you are ready for it.

We also call such a person a “rubberneck”, always putting out his neck to where it does not belong, like neighbors who watch all your visitors. They enjoy invading your privacy. People have a strong dislike for rubbernecks. They hate being spied upon.

1.Where can you find this passage?

A. Medicine dictionaries.  B. A travel guide.

C. Social science books.     D. Students text books.

2.How do you feel when late comers walk back and forth in front of you in a cinema?

A. Disturbed.     B. Ignored.         C. Bored.  D. Relaxed.

3.A “rubberneck” often                 .

A. says bad words behind people

B. quarrels face to face with neighbors

C. bargains the price with sales women

D. asks about other people’s business

4.Which of the follow is “a pain in the neck”?

A. Someone who helps you find your seat in a movie theatre.

B. Someone who smokes in a smoking section on a train.

C. Someone who throws trash out of his car window on the highway.

D. Someone who goes to the doctor for his severe pain on the neck.

 

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阅读下面短文,根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。
A debate is a discussion about a subject on which people have different views. It’s a nice way of gaining a lot of knowledge and views on a topic, or situation that we aren’t either aware of, or haven’t really looked into in detail. It makes you more able to think critically and more confident in speaking. In addition, it helps in appreciating tolerance of others’ opinion and improves your listening skills.
A debate requires one to know how to use words and intelligence to overcome his or her opposing team members. To give great arguments during a debate, first you need to get your facts right. To make what you have in material for a debate contain facts, don’t just depend on the Internet, especially avoid just referring to one website for all your information. You are also required to refer to books, and make sure they’re authors of a high degree, since their materials have reference notes and extensive research projects done on what they are covering.
Second, you should be full of confidence. You need to show that you’re sure of what you’re saying , and point out how flawed their comeback arguments were. The only way to do this is to thoroughly know your material before heading on out to a debate session. Know your statistics, know your statistics, know your history and above all know names, dates and places. Make key notes to refer to. Don’t stammer (口吃), and also don’t level your gaze with your opponent or the rest of them. All this will help you keep confident.
At last, by no means should you lose your calmness, but keep your voice firm and raised enough to sound calm. A good team member should know how to keep his emotions in control as well as keep others under control in his/ her team.

Title
Debate
 【小题1】 
A discussion about a subject on which people have different views.
 【小题2】 
◇Help understand a topic or situation more deeply.
◇Improve your   【小题3】  to think critically.
 【小题4】  your confidence in speaking.
◇Help appreciate tolerance of others’ opinion.
◇Make you better at speaking.
 
Tips
Get your facts right
◇Don’t just be   【小题5】  on the Internet for your information.
◇Refer to books   【小题6】  by those with a high degree.
Be   【小题7】  with confidence.
◇Show your   【小题8】  of what you’re saying.
◇Point out the flaw of others’ comeback arguments.
◇Thoroughly know your material before attending a debate.
◇Make key notes to refer to.
◇Avoid stammering and   【小题9】  your gaze with your opponent
Keep cool
◇Speak   【小题10】  and loudly enough to sound calm.
◇Control your emotions.

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