First aid means what it says : the aid or help that can be given to an injured person first, which is before any other help. Quick actions by us may save someone’s life. Even when it is not so, there is often much that we can do to help.

Shock: People often suffer from shock after receiving an injury; sometimes even the injury is a small one. The face turns grey, and the skin becomes damp and cold. They breathe quickly. They should be kept warm. Cover them with a blanket and give them a warm drink.

Broken bones: Don’t move the person. Send for an ambulance at once. Treat for shock if necessary.

Poison: A person who has swallowed poison should be taken to hospital at once. With some poisons, sleeping pills, for example, it is a good thing to make the person sick by pushing your fingers down his throat. But if he has swallowed some kind of acid, or anything that burns, it would be a bad thing to make the person sick. The poison would burn his throat as it came up.

Suffocation: This means not being able to breathe. For example, a drowning person will have his lungs full of water. Lay him down with his head lower than the rest of his body so that the water will drain(流出) out. If a person has something stuck in his throat, try to remove it with your finger, or by hitting him on the back.

Remember: When an accident happens, send someone to telephone for an ambulance at once. Keep the injured person warm and quiet. Give him plenty of air. Do not let other people crowd around him. If you see an injured person who is being looked after, keep away.

There are three branches of medicine. One is called “doctor medicine” or “scientific medicine”. Scientific doctors try to observe sickness, look for logical pattern, and then find out how the human body works. From there they figure out what treatments may work. This kind of medicine is believed to date from the 4^th century BC. Although nowadays it is successful, in the ancient this approach(方法) probably did not cure many patients.

The second kind of medicine is called “natural cures” or “folk medicine”, in which less educated people try to cure sickness with various herbs. These folk healers also use observation and logic, but they are not so aware of it. They try things until they find something that seems to work, and then they keep doing that. Folk medicine flourished(兴起) long before the development of scientific medicine and was more successful in ancient times.

The third kind is called “health spas” or “faith healing”. Sometimes this may be as simple as touching the holy man and being immediately healed. Other times, a magician may make you a magic charm, or say a spell(咒语), to cure you. Some religious groups organize healing shrines(圣坛) for the sick. In these places people rest, get plenty of sleep, eat healthy food, drink water instead of wine, and exercise in various ways. They also talk to the priests(牧师) and pray to the gods. If you are feeling depressed or you have been working too hard, going to these places may be just the right thing to make you feel better.

Doctor medicine_________.

has a longer history than folk medicine

has been practiced for around 2,400 years

bases its treatments on observation and logic

was very successful in curing sicknesses in ancient times

According to the passage, which of the following is NOT used in health

 spas?

A. Magic power               B. Various herbs

C. Religious faith              D. A healthy life style

According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

Folk healers choose different herbs to cure diseases without any sound basis.

People who practice folk medicine need lots of formal education on herbs.

The success of folk medicine led to the development of doctor medicine.

Natural cures worked better than scientific medicine in ancient times.

The author’s primary purpose in this passage is to_______________.

describe different types of medicine

argue for the importance of medicine in health care

show the important role religion plays in medical treatments

compare the educational background of three different types of patients

There are three branches of medicine. One is called “doctor medicine” or “scientific medicine”. Scientific doctors try to observe sickness, look for logical pattern, and then find out how the human body works. From there they figure out what treatments may work. This kind of medicine is believed to date from the 4^th century BC. Although nowadays it is successful, in the ancient this approach(方法) probably did not cure many patients.

The second kind of medicine is called “natural cures” or “folk medicine”, in which less educated people try to cure sickness with various herbs. These folk healers also use observation and logic, but they are not so aware of it. They try things until they find something that seems to work, and then they keep doing that. Folk medicine flourished(兴起) long before the development of scientific medicine and was more successful in ancient times.

The third kind is called “health spas” or “faith healing”. Sometimes this may be as simple as touching the holy man and being immediately healed. Other times, a magician may make you a magic charm, or say a spell(咒语), to cure you. Some religious groups organize healing shrines(圣坛) for the sick. In these places people rest, get plenty of sleep, eat healthy food, drink water instead of wine, and exercise in various ways. They also talk to the priests(牧师) and pray to the gods. If you are feeling depressed or you have been working too hard, going to these places may be just the right thing to make you feel better.

1. Doctor medicine_________.

1. has a longer history than folk medicine
2. has been practiced for around 2,400 years
3. bases its treatments on observation and logic
4. was very successful in curing sicknesses in ancient times

2. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT used in health

 spas?

A. Magic power               B. Various herbs

C. Religious faith              D. A healthy life style

3. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

1. Folk healers choose different herbs to cure diseases without any sound basis.
2. People who practice folk medicine need lots of formal education on herbs.
3. The success of folk medicine led to the development of doctor medicine.
4. Natural cures worked better than scientific medicine in ancient times.

4.The author’s primary purpose in this passage is to_______________.

1. describe different types of medicine
2. argue for the importance of medicine in health care
3. show the important role religion plays in medical treatments

compare the educational background of three different types of patients