Don't ______ to spring-clean the whole house just because my mother is coming---there's no need to do that.

A．undertake         B．attempt           C．bother            D．hesitate

Sometime early in the next century, human beings will move to Mars. They will live there for about a year, and then will be replaced with another group of pioneers. Building the base on Mars will advance our knowledge of the solar system and aid in our understanding of the earth.

We already know that Mars resembles the earth in many aspects: general size, presence of water, length of day, range of temperatures. These resemblances have caused many people to consider a centuries-long project: to terraform Mars. Terraforming means altering a planet’s surface so that Earth’s life forms can survive there. This concept, previously found only in science fiction is now being seriously considered by scientists.

Terraforming Mars is theoretically simple: add nitrogen and oxygen to the atmosphere; pump water to the surface; and add the earth’s plants and animals in the order in which they developed on Earth. But it will take at least 300 years.

Some people think that such a project is too huge for humans to undertake, but there are very good reasons to make the attempt. The earth now contains some 6 billion people, and no one has any idea of how many humans the earth can support. Our very existence and numbers are threatening many other species. We also have had some experience with terraforming our own planet: altering the landscape, the atmosphere and the climate. Currently terraforming earth has become a wiser activity as we try to control global warming, air and water pollution, and preserve some natural living places.

While the possibility of such a project is small, it is not impossible .Even if earth –bound societies come and go in the next 300 years, the project can continue through the work of the Mars settlers without the need for constant backing from the earth.

 The future existence of all the people in our world may very well depend upon our ability to terraform Mars.

1.What would be the best title for this passage?

A．Terraforming Mars.               B．Saving the Earth

C．Travelling to Mars.                 D．A Newly-found Place

2.What does the underlined word “altering” mean in the second paragraph?

A．Warming.    B．Changing.    C．Planting.      D．Building

3.According to the passage the main purpose of terraforming Mars is to ________.

A．do some scientific research work

B．find out its similarity to earth

C．avoid the dying away of many other species

D．find on Mars living place for the increasing human beings

4.The main reason for causing many people to consider terraforming Mars is that _______.

A．there are some resemblances between Earth and Mars.

B．terraforming Mars is theoretically simple

C．we have had some experience with terraforming our own planet: Earth

D．the development of science and technology is very rapid

5.What’s the author’s attitude towards the project?

A．Optimistic.  B．Negative

C．Sceptical（怀疑的）  D．Objective.

After successfully serving their term for 4 years, military service men and women are given the choice to stay in the military or return to civilian（平民）life.

For some, having to readjust to civilian life is one of the most challenging assignments our returning soldiers and marines（水兵）will ever have to undertake. While people may think readjusting should be simple, they must take into consideration all the physical and mental stress our servicemen went through.

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder（创伤后应急障碍）,　or PTSD, is a mental disorder that can occur following the experience or witnessing of life-threatening events such as military combat（打仗）.

Most survivors of trauma return to normal given a little time. In the military, the marines are given a two-week course on how to return to civilian life.

Unfortunately, some will have stress reactions that do not go away on their own, or may even get worse over time. These individuals may develop PTSD.

People who suffer from PTSD have difficulty sleeping because they are often reliving the experience through nightmares（梦魇）and flashbacks, and feel deserted or often stand off, and these symptoms can be severe enough and last long enough to significantly damage the person’s daily life.

Fullerton College, like most colleges, has its own Veteran’s（老兵）Office. Ray Bustos has been running the office for 3 years. Bustos acts as a liaison（联络） for the school and the veteran students. He makes sure the veterans returning to school get the right benefits. There are various types of financial aid for soldiers and marines. He strongly encourages the use of the Veterans Affairs website.

The website is very informative and extremely helpful for veterans as well as for friends and relatives of veterans who want to learn more.

One purpose of the writer in writing the passage is ________________.

A. to introduce some methods to cure PTSD             

B. to instruct PTSD patients to return to civilian life

C. to recommend a website for veterans and people concerned

D. to give military service men and women advice on civilian life

What problems will some returning soldiers and marines meet with?

A. How to readjust to civilian life.                     B. How to get rid of mental diseases

C. How to get along with PTSD patients           D. How to return to school for benefits.

Which of the following is true about Ray Bustos?

A. He’s a veteran who has just come back from a military combat.

B. He runs Fullerton College with a veteran office.

C. He’s in charge of an office dealing with veteran affairs.

D. He provides a lot of financial aid for soldiers and marines.

The best title for the passage is __________.

A. PTSD: Killer of A Civilian Life.               B. The Last Assignment For All Military Persons

C. How to Overcome PTSD.                    D. Ready for a Civilian Life?

So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that“ reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible”.

　　Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also public activity. It can be seen and observed.

　　Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny.

　　If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable ,what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the quest（探索）for knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. “Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children. ”

　　When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfill them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of leaning to read by reading.

he problem with the reading course as mentioned in the first paragraph is that _______________.

　　A. it is one of the most difficult school courses

　　B. students spend endless hours in reading

　　C. reading tasks are assigned with little guidance

　　D. too much time is spent in teaching about reading

.he teaching of reading will be successful if _______________.

　　A. teachers can improve conditions at school for the students

　　B. teachers can enable students to develop their own way of reading

　　C. teachers can devise the most efficient system for reading

　　D. teachers can make their teaching activities observable

The underlined word“ scrutiny” most probably means“______________”.

　　A. inquiry　　　　　　　　　　　 B. observation

　　C. control　　　　　　　　　　　 D. suspicion

According to the passage, learning to read will no longer be a difficult task when ______________.

　　A. children become highly motivated

　　B. teacher and learner roles are interchangeable

　　C. teaching helps children in the search for knowledge

　　D. reading enriches children’s experience

The main idea of the passage is that ______________.

　　A. teachers should do as little as possible in helping students learn to read

　　B. teachers should encourage students to read as widely as possible

　　C. reading ability is something acquired rather than taught

D. reading is more complicated that generally believed

  So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning , they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that“ reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible”.
  Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also public activity. It can be seen and observed.
  Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private ,for learning is an occupation of the mind ,and that process is not open to public scrutiny.
  If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable ,what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the quest（探索）for knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. “Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children. ”
  When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher fulfil them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of leaning to read by reading.

  71．The problem with the reading course as mentioned in the first paragraph is that ________.
  A. it is one of the most difficult school courses
  B. students spend endless hours in reading
  C. reading tasks are assigned with little guidance
  D. too much time is spent in teaching about reading
  72．The teaching of reading will be successful if ________.
  A. teachers can improve conditions at school for the students
  B. teachers can enable students to develop their own way of reading
  C. teachers can devise the most effcient system for reading
  D. teachers can make their teaching activities observable
  73．The underlined word“ scrutiny” most probably means“________”.
  A. inquiry            B. observation
  C. control            D. suspicion
  74．According to the passage, learning to read will no longer be a difficult task when ________.
  A. children become highly motivated
  B. teacher and learner roles are interchangeable
  C. teaching helps children in the search for knowledge
  D. reading enriches children’s experience
  75．The main idea of the passage is that ________.
  A. teachers should do as little as possible in helping students learn to read
  B. teachers should encourage students to read as widely as possible
  C. reading ability is something acquired rather than taught
  D. reading is more complicated that generally believed