Standard English is the formal（正式的） English that you need to use when you write in coursework or in the exam. Standard English is the form of English you learn in school. All written English should be standard—that means it should be clear enough for anyone in Britain to understand it. Standard English developed as the main form of printed English in the 15th Century. At the time, every region of Britain used to spell words differently, but printers needed a fixed spelling.  Printers like Caxton chose the East Midlands dialect form which was used in London and the South East. Soon Standard English replaced（取代） all written dialect forms – the other forms of English spoken around the country. It also replaced French and Latin in law and in academic（学术的） work. In the 18th Century, people wrote dictionaries and grammar books which standardized spelling — Dr Johnson’s Dictionary of 1755 fixed many of the spellings we still use today. All written English should be Standard English — any grammar rules you learn are for Standard English and you will definitely need to learn them to avoid making mistakes in your work. The rules of Standard English mean using the correct forms of words with the correct spellings.
Avoid slang words（俚语）—words that your teachers or friends wouldn’t understand. You’ll lose marks if the examiners can’t understand what you say or write. Don’t use dialect words. Every region has words or phrases that are only used there. Don’t use them in your coursework, because you won’t be understood. Make sure you revise grammar and punctuation（标点） you have learned, and learn the list of commonly misspelled words you have made. Clichés are ideas or sayings which have been used so often that they’ve become boring and unoriginal. Phrases like, “As good as it gets” “At the end of the day” “In the fullness of time” are all clichés. So are images like, “as fierce as a lion” “as cunning as a fox”. If you use them you will sound boring and unimaginative— that could mean you lose marks for writing and speaking style. So avoid clichés.
1. What three things do you have to think about when using English? 
a. no slang word or dialect     b. no grammar and spelling mistake.  c. no phrase    
d. no cliché    e. no punctuation
A. abc.                  B. bcd.            C. ade.       D. abd.
2. What is standard English?
A. the English spoken by British people.
B. the English spoken by American people.
C. the English used in London.
D. the English spoken by British people in 15th Century.
3. What is the cliché according to the passage?
A. the English full of slang words. 
B. the boring ideas or sayings because of being used often.
C. the long phrases which are used often.
D. all the English which is used outside of London and the southeast of Britain.
4. Why do we need to use Standard English?
A. Because no one can understand dialect words.
B. Because there are many kinds of English in the world, we need Standard English to make communication easier.
C. Because local dialect belongs to certain region, not every one can understand it.
D. Because standard English has been used for a long time.
5. Which statement is true?
A. Written English should be formal and standard.
B. Standard English means people should use the words from Dr Johnson’s Dictionary.
C. All the spoken English should be Standard English.
D. Standard English replaced all written dialect forms in the 18th century.

Outside her shabby cottage, old Mrs. Tailor was hanging out laundry on a wire line, unaware that some children lay hidden in the leaves of a nearby tree watching her every move. They were determined to find out if she really was a witch.
They watched as she took a broomstick to clean the dirt from her stone steps. But, much to their disappointment, she did not mount the broomstick and take flight. Suddenly, the old lady’s work was interrupted by the cackling of her hen—a signal that an egg had been laid in the warm nest on top of the haystack.
The old broomstick was put aside as she hobbled off towards the haystack followed by Sooty, a black cat she had rescued from a fox trap some time back. With only three legs, it was hard for Sooty to keep up with the old lady. The cat provided proof—the children were sure that only a witch could own a black cat with three legs.
There, standing on a wooden box, was Mrs. Tailor, stretching out to gather her precious egg. Taking the egg in one of her hands, she began to climb down when, without warning, the box broke and the old lady fell.
“We have to got and help her,” whispered Amy.
“What if it is a trick?” replied Ben.
“Don’t be silly, Ben. If she were a witch, she would have turned us into frogs already,” reasoned Meg. “Come on Amy, let’s go.” The girls climbed down the tree and ran all the way to the haystack.
Approaching carefully, they could see a wound on the old lady’s face. She had knocked her head on a stone and her ankle was definitely broken. “Go and get Dad,” Amy yelled to her brother. “Tell him about the accident.”
The boys did not need another excuse to leave. They ran as fast as they could for help, hoping that Mrs. Tailor would not wake and turn the girls into frogs.
【小题1】. Why were the children hiding in the tree?

One thing the tour books don’t tell you about London is that 2,000 of its residents are foxes. They ran away from the city about centuries ago after developers and pollution moved in. But now that the environment is cleaner, the foxes have come home, one of the many wild animals that have moved into urban areas around the world.
“The number and variety of wild animals in urban areas is increasing,” says Gomer Jones, president of the National Institute for Urban Wildlife, in Columbia, Maryland. A survey of the wildlife in New York’s Central Park last year tallied the species of mammals, including muskrats, shrews and flying squirrels. A similar survey conducted in the 1890s counted only five species. One of the country’s largest populations of raccoons (浣熊) now lives in Washington D.C., and moose (驼鹿) are regularly seen wandering into Maine towns. Peregrine falcons(游隼) dive from the window ledges of buildings in the largest U.S. cities to prey on (捕食) pigeons.
Several changes have brought wild animals to the cities. Foremost(首要的) is that air and water quality in many cities has improved as a result of the 1970s pollution-control efforts. Meanwhile, rural areas have been built up, leaving many animals on the edges of suburbs. In addition, urban wildlife refuges (避难处)have been created. The Greater London Council last year spent￡750,000 to buy land and build 10 permanent wildlife refuges in the city. Over 1,000 volunteers have donated money and cleared rubble from deserted lots. One evening last year a fox was seen on Westminster Bridge looking up at Big Ben.
For peregrine falcons, cities are actually safer than rural cliff dwellings (悬崖栖息地). By 1970 the birds had died out east of the Mississippi because the DDT had made their eggs too thin to support life. That year, scientist Tom Cade of Cornell University began raising the birds for release in cities, for cities afforded abundant food.
Cities can attract wild animals without turning them harmful. The trick is to create habitats where they can be self-sufficient but still be seen and appreciated. Such habitats can even be functional. In San Francisco, the local government is testing different kinds of rainwater control basins to see not only which ones retain (保持) the cleanest water but which will attract the most birds.
【小题1】The first paragraph suggests that ________.

Once upon a time, there were two very good friends who lived together in the shade of a rock. Strange as it may seem, one was a　    and one was a tiger. They had met when they were too　   to know the difference between lions and tigers. So they did not think their　   was at all unusual. Besides, it was a peaceful part of the mountains, possibly　    the influence of a gentle forest monk who lived nearby. He was a hermit, one who　    　far away from other people.　

For some unknown reason, one day the two friends got into a silly　    . The tiger said, “Everyone knows the cold　    when the moon wanes from full to new! ” The lion said, “Where did you hear such nonsense? Everyone knows the　    comes when the moon waxes from　    to full! ”

The argument got stronger and stronger. Neither could　     the other. They could not　     any conclusion to resolve the growing dispute. They　     started calling each other names! Fearing for their friendship, they decided to go to ask the learned forest　     , who would surely know about such things.　

Visiting the　     hermit, the lion and tiger bowed respectfully and put their question to him. The friendly monk thought for a while and then gave his　     . “It can be cold in any phase of the　     , from new to full and back to new again. It is the wind that brings the cold, 　     from west or north or east. Therefore, in a way, you are both right! And neither of you is　     by the other. The most important thing is to live without conflict, to remain　     . Unity is best by all means. ”

The lion and tiger thanked the wise hermit. They were happy to　     　be friends.　

1.A. fox               B. hen                     C. donkey           D. lion

2.A. weak            B. unforgettable            C. young            D. poor

3.A. friendship       B. difference        C. relationship                 D. connection

4.A. in turn          B. due to                   C. according to      D. as to

5.A. lived             B. survived           C. walked           D. moved

6.A. argument       B. decision                  C. activity           D. conference

7.A. happens        B. bears                    C. comes           D. seems

8.A. clean            B. cold                      C. cool             D. good

9.A. wonderful       B. fresh                    C. delicious         D. new

10.A. solve        B. compete                  C. convince         D. remind

11.A. arrive        B. reach                    C. cause            D. paint

12.A. far          B. ever              C. yet                      D. even

13.A. monk        B. teacher                  C. mother                   D. parent

14.A. kind         B. different          C. peaceful                D. rich

15.A. answer       B. speech                  C. comment                 D. remark

16.A. sun          B. weather                  C. moon            D. day

17.A. whether      B. until                     C. if                 D. when

18.A. rewarded     B. won                     C. defeated         D. awarded

19.A. moved       B. united            C. interested              D. amused

20.A. too          B. quite             C. also             D. still

NPR has ended its contract with Juan Williams, one of its senior news analysts, after he made comments about Muslims on the Fox News Channel．

NPR said in a statement that it gave Mr． Williams notice of his ending in this organization on Wednesday night．

The move came after Mr． Williams, who is also a Fox News political analyst, appeared on the “The O’Reilly Factor” on Monday． On the show, the host, Bill O’Reilly, asked him to respond to the idea that the United States was facing a “Muslim dilemma（窘境）．”Mr． O’Reilly said, “The cold truth is that in the world today jihad（圣战）, helped and encouraged by some Muslim nations, is the biggest threat on the planet．”

Mr． Williams said he agreed with Mr． O'Reilly．

He continued: “You know the kind of books I've written about the civil rights movement in this country． But when I get on the plane． I got to tell you, if I see people who are in Muslim clothing and I think, you know, they are identifying themselves first and known as Muslim． I get worried． I get nervous． ”

Mr． Williams also made reference to the Pakistani immigrant who was guilty this month trying to plant a car bomb in Times Square． “He said the war with Muslims, America's war is just beginning, first drop of blood． I don’t think there’s any way to get away from these facts,” Mr． Williams said．

NPR said in its statement that the remarks “were inconsistent with our editorial standards and practices, and weakened his reputation as a news analyst with NPR”

The public radio organization said it thanked him for many years of service． Mr． Williams did

not immediately respond on Wednesday night to an e-mail seeking comment．

Mr． Williams' contributions on Fox raised eyebrows at NPR in the past． In February 2009, NPR said it had asked that he stop being identified on “The O’Reilly Factor” as a “senior correspondent for NPR,” even though that title was accurate．

According to the passage, NPR is probably_       ．

   A． a TV station            B． a public radio organization      

    C． a newspaper         D． a website

NPR has ended its contract with Juan Williams because

   A． Juan Williams made comments on the Fox News Channel without NPR's permission

   B． NPR was disappointed about Juan Williams’ performance in its programs

   C． Juan Williams' remarks about Muslims ruined NPR's reputation

   D． Juan Williams' comments and performances didn't agree with NPR's traditions

What can we infer from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5'?

   A． Juan Williams is afraid of taking a plane．

   B． It’s very easy to recognize Muslims because their clothes are special．

   C． Muslims are sometimes considered dangerous to the safety of the world．

   D． Juan Williams looks down upon Muslims．

The best title of the passage is        ．

    A． NPR ended its contract with Juan Williams

    B． Muslims are the biggest threat to the world

    C． Juan Williams, the senior news analyst of NPR

    D． Fired from NPR, Juan Williams keeps talking on Fox