If US software(软件) companies don’t pay more attention to quality, they could kiss their business good-bye. Both India and Brazil are developing a world-class software industry. Their weapon is quality and one of their jobs is to attract the top US quality specialists whose voices are not listened to in their country.
Already, of the world’s 12 software houses that have earned the highest position in the world, seven are in India. That’s largely because they have used new methods American software specialists refused to use.  For example, for years, quality specialists, W. Edwards Deming and J.M. Juran had tried to persuade US software companies to change their attitudes to quality. But their quality call mainly fell on deaf ears in the US--but not in Japan. By the 1970s and 1980s, Japan was taking its market share with better, cheaper products. They used Deming’s and Juran’s ideas to bring down the cost of good quality to as little as 5% of total production costs. In US factories, the cost of quality then was 10 times as high: 50%. In software, it still is.
Watts S. Humphrey spent 27 years at IBM heading up software production and then quality assurance(保证). But his advice was seldom paid attention to. He retired from IBM in 1986. In 1987, he worked out a system for assessing(评估) and improving software quality. It has proved its value time and again. For example, in 1990 the cost of quality at Raytheon Electronics Systems was almost 60 % of total software production costs. It fell to 15% in 1996 and has since further dropped to below 10 %.
Like Deming and Juran, Humphrey seems to be winning more praises overseas than at home. The Indian government and several companies have just founded the Watts Humphrey Software Quality Institute at the Software Technology Park in Chennai, India. Let’s hope that US lead in software will not be eaten up by its quality problems.
64. Which country has the most first-class software companies in the world?
A. Germany.      B. The USA.     C. Brazil.       D. India.
65. Which of the following statements about Humphrey is true?
A. He is now still an IBM employer.
B. He has worked for IBM for 37 years.
C. The US pays much attention to his quality advice.
D. India honors him highly.
66. By what means did Japan take its large market share by the 1970s and the 1980s?
A. Its products were cheaper in price and better in quality.
B. Its advertising was most successful.
C. The US hardware industry was falling behind.
D. Japan hired a lot of Indian software specialists.
67. What is the writer worrying about?
A. Many US software specialists are working for Japan.
B. The quality problem has become a worldwide problem.
C. The US will lose its lead in software in the world.
D. India and Japan are joining hands to compete with the US.

If US software(软件) companies don’t pay more attention to quality, they could kiss their business good-bye. Both India and Brazil are developing a world-class software industry. Their weapon is quality and one of their jobs is to attract the top US quality specialists whose voices are not listened to in their country.

   Already, of the world’s 12 software houses that have earned the highest position in the world, seven are in India. That’s largely because they have used new methods American software specialists refused to use.  For example, for years, quality specialists, W. Edwards Deming and J.M. Juran had tried to persuade US software companies to change their attitudes to quality. But their quality call mainly fell on deaf ears in the US--but not in Japan. By the 1970s and 1980s, Japan was taking its market share with better, cheaper products. They used Deming’s and Juran’s ideas to bring down the cost of good quality to as little as 5% of total production costs. In US factories, the cost of quality then was 10 times as high: 50%. In software, it still is.

     Watts S. Humphrey spent 27 years at IBM heading up software production and then quality assurance(保证). But his advice was seldom paid attention to. He retired from IBM in 1986. In 1987, he worked out a system for assessing(评估) and improving software quality. It has proved its value time and again. For example, in 1990 the cost of quality at Raytheon Electronics Systems was almost 60 % of total software production costs. It fell to 15% in 1996 and has since further dropped to below 10 %.

     Like Deming and Juran, Humphrey seems to be winning more praises overseas than at home. The Indian government and several companies have just founded the Watts Humphrey Software Quality Institute at the Software Technology Park in Chennai, India. Let’s hope that US lead in software will not be eaten up by its quality problems.

1.Which country has the most first-class software companies in the world?

    A. Germany.      B. The USA.     C. Brazil.       D. India.

2.Which of the following statements about Humphrey is true?

   A. He is now still an IBM employer.

   B. He has worked for IBM for 37 years.

   C. The US pays much attention to his quality advice.

   D. India honors him highly.

3.By what means did Japan take its large market share by the 1970s and the 1980s?

   A. Its products were cheaper in price and better in quality.

   B. Its advertising was most successful.

   C. The US hardware industry was falling behind.

   D. Japan hired a lot of Indian software specialists.

4.What is the writer worrying about?

   A. Many US software specialists are working for Japan.

   B. The quality problem has become a worldwide problem.

   C. The US will lose its lead in software in the world.

 D. India and Japan are joining hands to compete with the US.

If US software(软件) companies don’t pay more attention to quality, they could kiss their business good-bye. Both India and Brazil are developing a world-class software industry. Their weapon is quality and one of their jobs is to attract the top US quality specialists whose voices are not listened to in their country.

   Already, of the world’s 12 software houses that have earned the highest position in the world, seven are in India. That’s largely because they have used new methods American software specialists refused to use.  For example, for years, quality specialists, W. Edwards Deming and J.M. Juran had tried to persuade US software companies to change their attitudes to quality. But their quality call mainly fell on deaf ears in the US--but not in Japan. By the 1970s and 1980s, Japan was taking its market share with better, cheaper products. They used Deming’s and Juran’s ideas to bring down the cost of good quality to as little as 5% of total production costs. In US factories, the cost of quality then was 10 times as high: 50%. In software, it still is.

     Watts S. Humphrey spent 27 years at IBM heading up software production and then quality assurance(保证). But his advice was seldom paid attention to. He retired from IBM in 1986. In 1987, he worked out a system for assessing(评估) and improving software quality. It has proved its value time and again. For example, in 1990 the cost of quality at Raytheon Electronics Systems was almost 60 % of total software production costs. It fell to 15% in 1996 and has since further dropped to below 10 %.

     Like Deming and Juran, Humphrey seems to be winning more praises overseas than at home. The Indian government and several companies have just founded the Watts Humphrey Software Quality Institute at the Software Technology Park in Chennai, India. Let’s hope that US lead in software will not be eaten up by its quality problems.

64. Which country has the most first-class software companies in the world?

    A. Germany.      B. The USA.     C. Brazil.       D. India.

65. Which of the following statements about Humphrey is true?

   A. He is now still an IBM employer.

   B. He has worked for IBM for 37 years.

   C. The US pays much attention to his quality advice.

   D. India honors him highly.

66. By what means did Japan take its large market share by the 1970s and the 1980s?

   A. Its products were cheaper in price and better in quality.

   B. Its advertising was most successful.

   C. The US hardware industry was falling behind.

   D. Japan hired a lot of Indian software specialists.

67. What is the writer worrying about?

   A. Many US software specialists are working for Japan.

   B. The quality problem has become a worldwide problem.

   C. The US will lose its lead in software in the world.

 D. India and Japan are joining hands to compete with the US.

.

If US software(软件) companies don’t pay more attention to quality, they could kiss their business good-bye. Both India and Brazil are developing a world-class software industry. Their weapon is quality and one of their jobs is to attract the top US quality specialists whose voices are not listened to in their country.

   Already, of the world’s 12 software houses that have earned the highest position in the world, seven are in India. That’s largely because they have used new methods American software specialists refused to use.  For example, for years, quality specialists, W. Edwards Deming and J.M. Juran had tried to persuade US software companies to change their attitudes to quality. But their quality call mainly fell on deaf ears in the US--but not in Japan. By the 1970s and 1980s, Japan was taking its market share with better, cheaper products. They used Deming’s and Juran’s ideas to bring down the cost of good quality to as little as 5% of total production costs. In US factories, the cost of quality then was 10 times as high: 50%. In software, it still is.

     Watts S. Humphrey spent 27 years at IBM heading up software production and then quality assurance(保证). But his advice was seldom paid attention to. He retired from IBM in 1986. In 1987, he worked out a system for assessing(评估) and improving software quality. It has proved its value time and again. For example, in 1990 the cost of quality at Raytheon Electronics Systems was almost 60 % of total software production costs. It fell to 15% in 1996 and has since further dropped to below 10 %.

     Like Deming and Juran, Humphrey seems to be winning more praises overseas than at home. The Indian government and several companies have just founded the Watts Humphrey Software Quality Institute at the Software Technology Park in Chennai, India. Let’s hope that US lead in software will not be eaten up by its quality problems.

64. Which country has the most first-class software companies in the world?

    A. Germany.      B. The USA.     C. Brazil.       D. India.

65. Which of the following statements about Humphrey is true?

   A. He is now still an IBM employer.

   B. He has worked for IBM for 37 years.

   C. The US pays much attention to his quality advice.

   D. India honors him highly.

66. By what means did Japan take its large market share by the 1970s and the 1980s?

   A. Its products were cheaper in price and better in quality.

   B. Its advertising was most successful.

   C. The US hardware industry was falling behind.

   D. Japan hired a lot of Indian software specialists.

67. What is the writer worrying about?

   A. Many US software specialists are working for Japan.

   B. The quality problem has become a worldwide problem.

   C. The US will lose its lead in software in the world.

   D. India and Japan are joining hands to compete with the US.

阅读理解

　　Tim Berners-Lee is the man who wrote the software(软件) programme that led to the foundation of the World Wide Web. Britain played an important part in developing the first generation(第一代)of computers. The parents of Tim Berners-Lee both worked on one of the earliest commercial(商业的) computers and talked about their work at home. As a child he would build models of computers from packaging material. After graduating from Oxford University he went onto the real thing. In the 1980's, scientists were already using a primitive version(原始版本)of E-mail. While working at a laboratory in Switzerland Tim Berners-Lee wrote a programme which let him store these messages. In 1990 he wrote the HTTP(服务程序所用的协议) and HTML(超文本链接标示语言)programmes which form the basis of the World Wide Web.

　　The next year his programmes were placed on to the internet. Everyone was welcome to use them and improve them if they could. Programmers used his codes(编码) to work with different operating systems(系统). New things like web browsers(浏览器) and search engines were developed. Between 1991 and 1994 the number of web pages dose from 10 to 100000.

　　In 1994 Tim Berners-Lee formed the newly formed World Wide Web Consortium(协会)or W3C. More than 200 leading companies and laboratories are represented(代表) by W3C. Together they make sure that everyone can participate(参加) equally on the Web.

(1)The main idea of this passage is ________.

[　　]

A．when the internet appeared

B．how Tim Berners formed W3C

C．why computers develop so rapidly

D．how the World Wide Web started

(2)Scientists began to use E-mail ________.

[　　]

A．in 1980　　　　　B．after the 1980's

C．before 1990　　　D．in the 1960's

(3)Which of the following is not true?

[　　]

A．The number of web pages rose very rapidly in the 1990's.

B．Tim's programmes were placed on to the internet in 1990.

C．The World Wide Web will have an effect(影响) on social development.

D．Tim Berners-Lee made a great contribution to the computer science.