A．Why kiwis are flightless

B．Preventing the kiwi decline

C．Reasons for concern

D．Explanations for large bird populations

E．Land of the kiwi

F．Te introduction of predators

1．        The kiwi is the national symbol of New Zealand and Australians endearingly refer to New Zealanders as “kiwis”---People from the Land of the Kiwi. This unique bird, recognized by its short squat body and elongated beak, is under threat. Its small, claw—like wings make the kiwi flightless, so it has to live on the ground. The kiwi is thus easy to be victim of enemies such as humans and mammals.

2．          When great landmass of the south split 75 million ago, the kiwi and many other ground—living birds became separated from predatory mammals within what was later to become  known as New Zealand. The birds were able to multiply and flourish because there were very few mammals landlocked within the islands. Kiwis have evolved certain mammalian characteristics as time went on, living on the ground and they were free from attack by mammals.

3．          However, when the Polynesians arrived about 1000 years ago bringing with them dogs and rats, the kiwi population and other vulnerable bird species soon suffered a severe reduction in numbers. The coming of the Europeans in the 18^th century brought even more determined predators, including the cat and, especially,  the stoat, which is a very vicious and powerful killer of kiwis.

4．           There are six types of kiwi, and all six are threatened. Two are ‘critically endangered’ because they have populations of less than 250 mature birds. Two are ‘endangered’ meaning that it is estimated that within three generations their numbers will have declined by 50%. The other two are ‘vulnerable’—one because its habitat is shrinking, the other because it is potentially under threat from stoats and other mammals.

5．             100 years ago there were more than 5 million North Island Brown Kiwis. Today, there are probably around 30,000 , and the population is decreasing at a rate of 6% a year. Only the Little Spotted Kiwi is increasing because of successful attempts to transfer the creature of predator—free offshore islands. There are further reasons for hope. Trapping predators and rearing baby chicks for later release into the wild can have a dramatic effect on kiwi numbers; but it will be necessary to do so on a large scale.

A．Vista’s Enrichment Program Helps Shay Find Role Models and Alter Bad Attitudes. At a time when arts education is disappearing in public schools, Vista’s enrichment programs are thriving, providing residents and students valuable outlets for creativity, allowing them to express themselves, boosting their self – esteem, and helping them to heal.

       B．The Child Car Program is a comprehensive program combining child care, child development services, mental health services, and family support services to income eligible families. Child care is provided in a network of 20 State licensed family child care homes located in the Hollywood and Mid – Wiltshire areas. The program enables low – income parents to work or attend school or job training programs, thus supporting and enhancing parent / family self – sufficiency and self – esteem.

       C．The Family Project is a prevention and treatment program for families with young children and their siblings who are at – risk for child abuse and neglect. Clinicians make weekly home visits to provide counseling / family therapy, parent education, child development guidance, family support services, mental health services, and case management.

       D．The Teen Parent Project serves pregnant and parenting teens at local high schools by providing a combination of education, case management, and counseling. The Teen Project is designed to help students stay in school, be good parents to their children, and avoid continued involvement in high – risk behaviors.

       E．Family Service of Santa Monica, Home SAFE. Julia Ann Singer Center, Reiss – Davis Child Study Center and Vista Del Mar Child and Family Services – are always looking for caring dedicated professionals to be part of a team that truly makes a difference in the lives of troubled children. For students pursuing degrees in family / child oriented psychotherapy, Vista Del Mar also offers a Family Therapy Internship Program

       F．Community Services – We’re here to assist you in growing your Family through Adoption. Vista Del Mar’s adoption services, established in 1948, is one of country’s largest, state licensed, private, non – profit adoption services. We help over 200 children each year find a permanent home through Domestic, International and Foster Adoption opportunities.

以下是寻求服务的人员，请匹配人物与他们所需要的服务机构。

56．Anderson is a firefighter while his wife is a cleaner．They are too busy to look after their two—year-old daughter so they look for someone else with child．care experience to look after her, but they are not well．paid．

57．John is a high school student who lacks confidence．He is very tamed and always fellow others，but he never tries to create anything new, because he believe he himself is low in ability．Now, his parents desire to find role models to inspire him．

58．Charles got married 5 years ago However, his wife lost the ability of giving birth after an accident Now’ they want badly to adopt a child to color their life.

59．Catherine is a girl of 16 studying in a high school of Ohio As a single mother of a two-year-old child，she is suffering from high pressure How she regrets her risk behavior in the past Now, she needs others to teach her to be a good parent as well as give her some advice on coping with different affairs

60．James was born in a low—class family His father is always drunken and beats him while his mother can do nothing but complain．Though is eager to receive a good education but is given no chance to go to school. He hopes to live in a harmonious family where he is cared and respected．He longs for help．

人物                            服务机构

56．Anderson       A．Vista’s Enrichment Program

57．John       B．The Child Care Program

58．Charles   C．The Family Project

59．Catherine       D．The Teen Parent Project

60．James     E．Family Service Of Santa Monica

       F．Community Services

In people’s minds．Beijing women are taller, bold，and uninhibited，while Shanghai women are smaller in figure．and always speak in a soft voice．The image(形象)of Beijing women is usually bigger than Shanghai women’s． However, it turns out to be just the other way round after I have worked in Beijing for some time．   

    Everybody goes Dutch in Shanghai；even at a grand party，but in Beijing it's usually the men’s treat．It is impossible to invite a female friend who already has a boyfriend or a young married woman out, even if you promise to see her home that night．

    The conditions of the men in Beijing are no better at a11．All their cells will ring one after another at 12 o’clock sharp at night．The voice on the other end is usually loud enough for anyone nearby to hear．“Where have you been! Do you remember that you’ve got a home? Now who’s with you?”and these three sentences are usually the main parts of the call．

    Shanghai women could never understand this．If it’s a Shanghai woman who shouts in the phone，the Shanghai man on the other end must think that she is crazy(or drunk，perhaps)．The Shanghainese go Dutch in life，and they appreciate the independence in both economic and love affairs．

    Many of my friend girls in Shanghai are office ladies with very high income．The tiredness of life cannot kill their pride in saying：“I don’t depend on any men．”Thus no men can command them，for example，to force them to come back home before 10 pm．Beijingers do not admire the Shanghai way of life，anyhow．How can a couple be addressed as“a couple”when they don’t know where the other has been last night? They wondered．

1．The underlined word“uninhibited ”in Paragraph One probably means_____．

  A．relaxed enough to do as they like    B．very cautious about their behavior

  C．always doing what they are told to  D．not having courage or confidence

2．By mentioning men paying bills for women in Beijing，the writer wants to show that___________.

  A．Beijing women are respected    B．Beijing women lack independence

  C．Beijing men are generous       D．Beijing men possess gentle manners

3．The conditions of Beijing men are no better because they____________.

  A．often stay out late at night        B．have women call them at midnight

  C．are treated the same as Shanghai men D．enjoy no more freedom than the women

4．Shanghai women could never understand why_____________．

  A．Beijing women behave like that     B．Beijing men behave like that

  C．Shanghai men think so differently D．Shanghai women don’t copy Beijing women

5．In a Beijinger’s mind．it’s normal for a couple to___________．

    A．go Dutch in life                B．know each other’s whereabouts

    C．return home before 10 pm        D．suspect each other’s behavior

6．The title of the article may be______________．

    A．Lifestyle difference between Shanghai and Beijing

    B．Physically strong may mean spiritually weak

    C．Big Shanghai women and little Beijing women

D．Can a couple go Dutch in life?

Teaching children to read well from the start is the most important task of elementary schools．But relying on educators to approach this task correctly can be a great mistake．Many schools continue to employ instructional methods that have been proven ineffective．The staying power of the “look-say” or “whole-word” method of teaching beginning reading is perhaps the most flagrant example of this failure to instruct effectively.

　 The whole-word approach to reading stresses the meaning of words over the meaning of letters, thinking over decoding, developing a sight vocabulary of familiar words over developing the ability to unlock the pronunciation of unfamiliar words．It fits in with the self-directed, “learning how to learn” activities recommended by advocates of “open” classrooms and with the concept that children have to be developmentally ready to begin reading．Before 1963, no major publisher put out anything but these “Run-Spot-Run” readers.

　 However, in 1955, Rudolf Flesch touched off what has been called “the great debate” in beginning reading．In his best-seller Why Johnny Can’t Read, Flesch indicted（控诉）the nation’s public schools for miseducating students by using the look-say method．He said – and more scholarly studies by Jeane Chall and Rovert Dykstra later confirmed – that another approach to beginning reading, founded on phonics, is far superior.

　 Systematic phonics first teaches children to associate letters and letter combinations with sounds; it then teaches them how to blend these sounds together to make words．Rather than building up a relatively limited vocabulary of memorized words, it imparts a code by which the pronunciations of the vast majority of the most common words in the English language can be learned．Phonics does not devalue the importance of thinking about the meaning of words and sentences; it simply recognizes that decoding is the logical and necessary first step.

1．The author indicts the look-say reading approach because _________________.

　 A．it overlooks decoding　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　

　 B．Rudolf Flesch agrees with him

C．he says it is boring　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　 D．many schools continue to use this method　

2．One major difference between the look-say method of learning reading and the phonics method　 is _______________.

A．look-say is simpler　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

B．Phonics takes longer to learn

C．look-say is easier to teach　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

D．phonics gives readers access to far more words　

3．The phrase “touch-off” (Para 3, Line 1) most probably means _____________.

A．talk about shortly　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B．start or cause

　 C．compare with　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D．oppose

4．According to the author, which of the following statements is true?

　 A．Phonics approach regards whole-word method as unimportant.

　 B．The whole-word approach emphasizes decoding.

C．In phonics approach, it is necessary and logical to employ decoding.

D．Phonics is superior because it stresses the meaning of words thus the vast majority of most　 common words can be learned.