In the early days of sea travel, seamen on long voyages lived exclusively on salted meat and biscuits. Many of them died of scurvy (坏血病), a disease of the blood which causes swollen gums (牙龈), livid white spots on the flesh and general exhaustion. On one occasion, in 1535, an English ship arrived in Newfoundland with its crew desperately ill. The men’s lives were saved by Iroquois Indians who gave them vegetable leaves to eat. Gradually it came to be realized that scurvy was caused by some lack in the sailors’ diet and Captain Cook, on his long voyages of discovery to Australia and New Zealand, established the fact that scurvy could be prevented by the supply of fresh fruit for the sailors.

　　　Nowadays it is understood that a diet which contains nothing harmful may yet result in serious disease if certain important elements are missing. These elements are called “vitamins”. Quite a number of such substances are known and they are given letters to identify them, A, B, C, D, and so on. Different diseases are associated with shortages of particular vitamins. Even a slight lack of Vitamin C, for example, the vitamin most plentiful in fresh fruit and vegetables, is thought to increase significantly our susceptibility (敏感度) to colds and influenza.

　 The vitamins necessary for a healthy body are normally supplied by a good mixed diet, including a variety of fruit and green vegetables. It is only when people try to live on a very restricted diet, say during extended periods of religious fasting (斋戒), or when trying to lose weight, that it is necessary to make special supply to make up for the missing vitamins.

57. Scurvy is a disease that is caused by ____

　　　 A. salted meat and biscuits　　　　　　　　 　　 B. exhaustion

　　　 C. lack of some essential substances D. need of fresh vegetables and fruits

58. To avoid such disease as scurvy, it’s better for us ____.

　 A. not to eat much salted meat

　 B. to supply our diet with various vitamin pills

　 C. to have more fresh fruit and vegetables

　 D. to develop a good dietary habit

59. Based on the passage we can safely conclude that if our diet is not comprehensive 　 (广泛) enough, ____.

　 A. vitamin pills are of no use

　 B. nutritious food might be unhealthy

　 C. vegetable leaves can be a good treatment

　 D. religious fasting may help out a lot

60. Which of the following sentences best expresses the main idea of the passage?

　 　 A. Shortages of Vitamin C may cause serious diseases.

　 　 B. Fresh fruit and green vegetables contain enough nutrition that is necessary for　　

　　 a healthy body.

　　　 C. Vitamins play a vitally important role in people’s health.

　　　 D. A good mixed diet normally supplies sufficient vitamins for us.

The Antarctic Icecap is the largest supply of fresh water，representing nearly 2％of the world’s total of fresh and salt water. As can be seen from the table below, the amount of water in our atmosphere is over 10 times as much as the water in all the rivers taken together. The fresh water actually available for human use in lakes and rivers and the accessible ground water amount to only about one-third of 1％of the world’s total water supply.

	Surface area(sq mi)	Volume(cu mi)	Percentage of total
Salt water
The oceans	139,500,000	317,000,000		97.2％
Inland    seas    and saline lakes	270,000	25,000		0.008
Fresh water
Freshwater lakes	330,000	30,000		0.009
All rivers(average level)	－	300		0.0001
Antarctic Icecap	6,000,000	6,300,000		1.9
Arctic Icecap and glaciers	900,000	680,000		0. 21
Water in the atmosphere	197,000,000	3,100		0. 001
Ground water within half a mile from surface a mile from surface	－	1,000,000		0. 31
Deep-lying ground water	－	1,000,000		0. 31
Total (rounded)	－	326,000,000		100.00

【小题1】What’s the best title of this passage?

A．Fresh Water in the World	B．Water Supply of the World
C．Salt Water of the Earth	D．Protection of the Water in the World

【小题2】It can be seen from the table______.

A．humans will have to use sea water in the future

B．there is enough fresh water for man to use

C．Water in the atmosphere is the least

D．the sea water takes up 98％of the water on earth

【小题3】The fresh water that humans can use is _________.

A．about 1,086,700 cu mi	B．about 6,300,000 cu mi
C．about 680,000 cu mi	D．about 2,000,000 cu mi

【小题4】Where does the majority of fresh water exists?

A．In Arctic Icecap and glaciers.	B．In Deep ground.
C．In the Antarctic Icecap.	D．In the atmosphere.

【小题5】What are the two places where equal amount of fresh water is stored?

A．Freshwater lakes and all rivers(average level)

B．Antarctic Icecap and water in the atmosphere

C．Ground water within half a mile from surface and Deep-lying ground water.

D．Deep-lying ground water and Arctic Icecap and glaciers

Vegetable gardening is the relaxing art and science of turning a love for growing plants into a worthwhile activity.

Vegetable gardeners agree that many home-grown vegetables picked at their best are superior to those vegetables purchased from markets. From spring through late fall, a well-planned and well-kept garden can prove a supply of fresh vegetables, thus increasing the nutrition of the family diet. Freezers make it possible to keep some of the vegetables to be enjoyed at a later date. Other vegetables can be stored for a few months in a cool area.

Having vegetables in the backyard makes home gardening appealing(吸收人的) for many people. In addition, vegetable gardening provides exercise and fun for both urban and suburban families.

Although the money spent for a garden may be little, one cannot escape the fact that gardening requires hard work and time. Many of the gardening tasks must be performed at times that are most inconvenient. Not doing jobs that should be done on a regular basis may result in failure and a negative feeling toward gardening.

One should not plant a garden that is too large for him to care for. A small, well-kept garden is more enjoyable and profitable than a large neglected one. Vegetables do well in full sunlight and need at least five or six hours of sun during the middle of the day. Too much shading results in poor plants and few vegetables. If possible, the garden should be near the house so the gardener can work in it at odd moments.

Soils for vegetables should be easily broken up and porous(能渗透的) for quick water drainage and good aeration(透气). A deep, fine, sandy good quality soil is best.

Usually the hoe owner has little choice in the soil type he can choose. Fortunately, many vegetables can be grown on poor soils if the soils are properly prepared.

Home-grown vegetables ___________.

       A．can remain standing for a long time and need not be picked immediately.

       B．have to be eaten as soon as they are picked

       C．sell well in the market because of their good quality

       D．picked at the right moment are more nutritious than those bought from the market.

Vegetables gardening is appealing for many people because ___________.

       A．it requires little money

       B．it is enjoyable and profitable

       C．they can work in the vegetable garden at odd moments

       D．it provides vegetables for the family all the year round.

The author suggests that an ideal vegetable garden ___________.

       A．should be sunny             B．should be within walking distance

       C．should be large-sized       D．should consist of sandy soil

Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?

       A．Vegetable Gardening, an Escape from Boredom

       B．An Ideal Vegetable Garden

       C．Vegetable Gardening, a Worthwhile Activity

       D．The Best Soil for Growing Vegetables

Vegetable gardening is the relaxing art and science of turning a love for growing plants into a worthwhile activity.
Vegetable gardeners agree that many home-grown vegetables picked at their best are superior to those vegetables purchased from markets. From spring through late fall, a well-planned and well-kept garden can prove a supply of fresh vegetables, thus increasing the nutrition of the family diet. Freezers make it possible to keep some of the vegetables to be enjoyed at a later date. Other vegetables can be stored for a few months in a cool area.
Having vegetables in the backyard makes home gardening appealing(吸收人的) for many people. In addition, vegetable gardening provides exercise and fun for both urban and suburban families.
Although the money spent for a garden may be little, one cannot escape the fact that gardening requires hard work and time. Many of the gardening tasks must be performed at times that are most inconvenient. Not doing jobs that should be done on a regular basis may result in failure and a negative feeling toward gardening.
One should not plant a garden that is too large for him to care for. A small, well-kept garden is more enjoyable and profitable than a large neglected one. Vegetables do well in full sunlight and need at least five or six hours of sun during the middle of the day. Too much shading results in poor plants and few vegetables. If possible, the garden should be near the house so the gardener can work in it at odd moments.
Soils for vegetables should be easily broken up and porous(能渗透的) for quick water drainage and good aeration(透气). A deep, fine, sandy good quality soil is best.
Usually the hoe owner has little choice in the soil type he can choose. Fortunately, many vegetables can be grown on poor soils if the soils are properly prepared.
【小题1】Home-grown vegetables ___________.

A．can remain standing for a long time and need not be picked immediately.

B．have to be eaten as soon as they are picked

C．sell well in the market because of their good quality

D．picked at the right moment are more nutritious than those bought from the market.

【小题2】Vegetables gardening is appealing for many people because ___________.

A．it requires little money

B．it is enjoyable and profitable

C．they can work in the vegetable garden at odd moments

D．it provides vegetables for the family all the year round.

【小题3】The author suggests that an ideal vegetable garden ___________.

A．should be sunny	B．should be within walking distance
C．should be large-sized	D．should consist of sandy soil

【小题4】Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?

A．Vegetable Gardening, an Escape from Boredom

B．An Ideal Vegetable Garden

C．Vegetable Gardening, a Worthwhile Activity

D．The Best Soil for Growing Vegetables

Vegetable gardening is the relaxing art and science of turning a love for growing plants into a worthwhile activity.

Vegetable gardeners agree that many home-grown vegetables picked at their best are superior to those vegetables purchased from markets. From spring through late fall, a well-planned and well-kept garden can prove a supply of fresh vegetables, thus increasing the nutrition of the family diet. Freezers make it possible to keep some of the vegetables to be enjoyed at a later date. Other vegetables can be stored for a few months in a cool area.

Having vegetables in the backyard makes home gardening appealing(吸收人的) for many people. In addition, vegetable gardening provides exercise and fun for both urban and suburban families.

Although the money spent for a garden may be little, one cannot escape the fact that gardening requires hard work and time. Many of the gardening tasks must be performed at times that are most inconvenient. Not doing jobs that should be done on a regular basis may result in failure and a negative feeling toward gardening.

One should not plant a garden that is too large for him to care for. A small, well-kept garden is more enjoyable and profitable than a large neglected one. Vegetables do well in full sunlight and need at least five or six hours of sun during the middle of the day. Too much shading results in poor plants and few vegetables. If possible, the garden should be near the house so the gardener can work in it at odd moments.

Soils for vegetables should be easily broken up and porous(能渗透的) for quick water drainage and good aeration(透气). A deep, fine, sandy good quality soil is best.

Usually the hoe owner has little choice in the soil type he can choose. Fortunately, many vegetables can be grown on poor soils if the soils are properly prepared.

1.Home-grown vegetables ___________.

A．can remain standing for a long time and need not be picked immediately.

B．have to be eaten as soon as they are picked

C．sell well in the market because of their good quality

D．picked at the right moment are more nutritious than those bought from the market.

2.Vegetables gardening is appealing for many people because ___________.

A．it requires little money

B．it is enjoyable and profitable

C．they can work in the vegetable garden at odd moments

D．it provides vegetables for the family all the year round.

3.The author suggests that an ideal vegetable garden ___________.

A．should be sunny	B．should be within walking distance
C．should be large-sized	D．should consist of sandy soil

4.Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?

A．Vegetable Gardening, an Escape from Boredom

B．An Ideal Vegetable Garden

C．Vegetable Gardening, a Worthwhile Activity

D．The Best Soil for Growing Vegetables