A popular saying goes, “Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me．” However, that’s not really true．Words have the power to build us up or tear us down．It doesn’t matter if the words come from someone’s else or ourselves --- the positive and negative effects are just as lasting．

       We all talk to ourselves sometimes．We’re usually too embarrassed to admit it, though．In fact, we really shouldn’t be because more and more experts believe talking to ourselves out loud is a healthy habit．

       This “self-talk” helps us motivate ourselves, remember things, solve problems, and calm ourselves down．Be aware, though, that as much as 77% of self-talk tends to be negative．So in order to stay positive, we should only speak words of encouragement to ourselves．We should also be quick to give ourselves a pat on the back．The next time you finish a project, do well in a test, or finally clean your room, join me in saying “Good job!”

       Often, words come out of our mouths without us thinking about the effect they will have．But we should be aware that our words cause certain responses in others．For example, when returning an item to a store, we might use warm, friendly language during the exchange．And the clerk will probably respond in a similar manner．Or harsh（刻薄的）and critical language will most likely cause the clerk to be defensive．

       Words possess power because of their lasting effect．Many of us regret something we once said．And we remember unkind words said to us! Before speaking, we should always ask ourselves: Is it loving? Is it needed? If what we want to say doesn’t pass this test, then it’s better left unsaid．

       Words possess power: both positive and negative．Those around us receive encouragement when we speak positively．We can offer hope, build self-esteem（自尊）and motivate others to do their best．Negative words destroy all those things．Will we use our words to hurt or to heal? The choice is ours．

The main idea of the first paragraph is that ________．

       A．not sticks and stones but words will hurt us

       B．inspiring words give us confidence

       C．negative words may let us down

       D．words have a lasting effect on us

There is no sense for us to feel embarrassed when we talk to ourselves because _______

       A．almost everybody has the habit of talking to themselves

       B．we can benefit from talking to ourselves

       C．talking to ourselves always gives us courage

       D．it does no harm to have “self-talk” when we are alone

The underlined part in the third paragraph means that we should also timely _______ ．

       A．praise ourselves              B．remind ourselves

       C．make ourselves relaxed    D．give ourselves amusement

The author would probably hold the view that ___________

       A．encouraging words are sure to lead to kind offers

       B．negative words may encourage us to make more progress

       C．people tend to remember friendly words

       D．it is better to think twice before talking to others

A person may have a false idea about himself that will stop him from doing good work．

       He may have the belief that he is unable to do it．A child may think he is  36  because he doesn’t understand how to make  37  use of his mental gifts．Old people may have a false idea that they are unable to learn things new because of their  38 ．

       A person who believes that he is stupid will not make a real  39  because he feels that it would be useless．He won’t go at a job with confidence necessary for  40 ．Besides, he won’t work his hardest way, even though he may think he is doing so． 41 , he is likely to fail, and the failure will  42  his belief in his incompetence（无能） in turn．

       Alfred Alder, a famous doctor, had  43  like this．When he was a small boy, he had a poor 44  in maths．His teacher told his parents he had no ability in maths in order that they would not  45  too much of him．In this way, his teacher and parents  46  the idea．He  47  their false judgment of his ability, feeling that it was useless to  48 ．Then, he was very poor at maths,  49  as they expected．

       But one day everything changed．He worked out a problem which  50  of the other students had been able to solve．He  51  in solving the problem which gave him confidence （信心）．Soon he became especially good at  52 ．

       Alder now  53  with interest, determination and purpose．He not only proved that he could learn maths well, but luckily he learned it  54 , not too late．From his own experience, we can tell that if a person goes at a job with determination and purpose, he may  55  himself as well as others by his ability．

A．clever        B．shy        C．useless          D．stupid

A．big           B．full       C．high       D．great

A．age           B．ability          C．brain     D．knowledge

A．decision     B．plan            C．effort           D．promise

A．work         B．study     C．improvementD．success

A．Truly         B．Really          C．However   D．Therefore

A．lead to     B．strengthen C．improve    D．get rid of

A．an experience       B．an example      C．a thought  D．a story

A．state          B．mind     C．start      D．ending

A．blame      B．expect          C．get        D．win

A．developed    B．organized  C．discovered       D．found

A．broke       B．refused     C．doubted    D．accepted

A．manage           B．argue    C．try        D．act

A．only         B．almost          C．just       D．then

A．none        B．all        C．some     D．most

A．broke       B．succeeded C．failed           D．believed

A．physics           B．medicine   C．English         D．maths

A．studies     B．works     C．plays          D．graduates

A．early        B．deeply          C．later       D．simply

A．discourage   B．love      C．surprise    D．disappoint

A popular saying goes, “Sticks and stone may break my bones, but words will never hurt me.” However, that’s not really true. Words have the power to build us up or tear us down. It doesn’t matter if the words come from someone else or ourselves – the positive and negative effects are just as lasting.
We all talk to ourselves sometimes. We’re usually too embarrassed to admit it, though. But we really shouldn’t be, because more and more experts believe talking to ourselves out loud is a healthy habit.
This “self-talk” helps us motivate ourselves, remember things, solves problems, and calm ourselves down. Beware, though, that as much as 77% of self-talk tends to be negative. So in order to stay positive, we should only speak words of encouragement to ourselves. We should also be quick to give ourselves a pat on the back. The next time you finish a project, do well in a test, or finally clean your room, join me in saying, “Good job!”
Words possess power because of their lasting effects. Many of us regret something we once said. And we remember unkind words said to us! Before speaking, we should always ask ourselves: Is it true? Is it loving? Is it needed? If what we want to say doesn’t pass this test, then it’s better left unsaid.
Words possess power: both positive and negative. Those around us receive encouragement when we speak positively. We can offer hope, build self-esteem(自尊) and motive others to do their best. Negative words destroy all those things. Will we use our words to hurt or to heal? The choice is ours.
【小题1】The author argues in the first paragraph that ________.

D
At the railway stations all across Britain next week, groups of students will gather with their backpacks to wait for the trains that will carry them home for Christmas. This is a large movement of human beings as before, but with more contradictory traffic flows, so that trains filled with the young pass each other travelling in every direction.
At first, I went home every weekend with my washing, but then those visits became less regular. How did I let my parents know I was coming? They had no phone. Perhaps I wrote to them (“Expect me with dirty shirts this Friday afternoon”), but more likely I didn’t let them know, and just turned up or didn’t turn up, not understanding that my parents’ hopes of seeing me were a greater disappointment of my carelessness than a spoiled tea.
And in all this I suspect I was typical (有代表性的), at least of young men. As for our fathers and mothers, none of them talked of “empty-nest syndrome (综合症)”, even though its possible effect that the main human duty is to protect and feed the young would have suited their generation better than ours. Then, the feeling of loss went without a name. Today, it’s a condition with remedies, which will make parents feel more enjoyable in their life, The Mayo Clinic, for example, suggests you try to maintain regular contact with your children through “visits, phone calls, emails, texts or video chats”. If you feel unhappy, lean on (depend on … for support) loved ones or your mental health providers. Above all, stay positive: “Thinking about the extra time and energy that you might have to devote to your marriage or personal interests after your last child leaves home, it might help you adapt to this major life change.”
What can’t be denied, however, is that children often leave home. In modern societies, this is what they do. Christmas is the very time they can be depended on to return. For the non-religious, that may be this season’s true comfort and significance.
【小题1】The main reason for the busy traffic across Britain next week is that _______.

C
The next great land area that man hopes to control is the moon. In size it is nearly equal to the area of North and South America. However, it presents a hostile (不友好的) environment. Temperatures range +120 to -150 degrees Centigrade (摄氏). There is no air, and no water.
Today there is considerable scientific speculation (思索) about living on the moon. When man will begin life on the moon surface is still not determined. But experts believe that settlement will take place in three steps. First, there will be increasing periods of exploration with temporary shelters (临时住所). These periods will be followed by longer stays with housing under the surface of the moon and daily necessities brought by the settlers themselves from the earth. Finally, settlements that are self-supporting will be founded.
The main job of the early settlers will be to stay alive. They will have to plant crops under huge domes (圆顶屋) to produce food and oxygen and find water sources. After this is done, the settlers will have time to explore the possibilities of commercial (商业的) development and to make discoveries important to science. The characteristics of the moon that make it bad for human staying alive may make it ideal for certain kinds of manufacturing (制造业). Operations requiring a vacuum (真空) or extreme cold are examples. Therefore, industrial diamonds might be produced on the moon.
64. The area of the moon is _________.
A. about the same as that of North and South America
B. larger than that of North and South America
C. hardly equal to that of North and South America
D. far smaller than that of North and South America
65. According to this passage, the settlement of the moon ________.
A.will soon be realized
B.can be done under the moon surface
C.is being experimented by many scientists
D. sounds entirely impossible
66. To stay alive on the moon, the early settlers must first of all be able to ________.
A. develop commerce
B. get enough food, oxygen and water
C. make discoveries important
D. explore the possibilities of industrial development
67. Though the environment on the moon is bad for human staying alive, it is very good for ________.
A. making such things as industrial diamonds  
B. all kinds of manufactured goods
C. medical operations                     
D. commercial development