Language is a major problem for the European Union(EU) . The argument or treaty(条约) which created the organization that finally became the EU, the Treaty of Rome, stated that each country’s language must be treated equally. The original six countries had only three languages between them: French, German and Dutch/Flemish. However, there are now 15 countries in the EU, with a total of 12 languages. EU documents（文件）must be translated into all these languages, and at official meetings the speeches must be translated into all the languages by interpreters (口译者).

   All this translating is very expensive and time-consuming（花时间的）. It is said that nearly half of all employees of the EU are involved in translating documents and speeches and nearly half of the EU’s administrative（管理方面的）costs are spent on this task. In the near future it is probable that several more countries, most of them having their own languages, will join the EU, thus making the situation even worse.

   The problem is just cost; there are practical difficulties as well. With 12 languages, there are 132 possible “translation situations” that might be needed. It is often difficult to find people in the right place at the right time who can translate from, for example, Danish into Greek, or Dutch into Portuguese, at a high professional standard.

   As a matter of fact, the problem has been less serious by the use of English in many contacts between EU officials, since almost all of them speak some English. However, any move to reduce the number of official languages (perhaps to four or five) would be a blow to the pride of the smaller countries. Another commonly suggested solution is to make English the official language for all EU business. However, this is strongly resisted by powerful member countries like France and Germany.

1. What’s the main purpose of this passage? _____________.

A. To give a solution to a problem.

B. To find out a problem and show how serious it is.

C. To criticize（批评）the European Union for inefficiency.

D. To show that the problem cannot be solved.

2. According to the writer, the use of English in contacts among EU officials has_________.

A. angered the officials who don’t speak English.

B. reduced the number of official languages.

C. lessened the effect of the problem.

D. been opposed（反对）by powerful member countries.

3.The writer mentions “Danish into Greek” as an example of ______________.

A . a situation that might be difficult to deal with.             B. a situation that occurs often.

C. one of the 12 situations that requires an interpreter.  D. languages easily being interpreted.

4.The writer suggests that if the number of official languages was reduced, _____________.

A. the EU would not know which official languages to choose.

B. countries whose languages were not used officially would be unhappy.

C. only languages which are easy to translate would be used officially.

D. the smaller member countries would be pleased.

The baby monkey is much more developed at birth than the human baby. Almost from the moment it is born, the baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother. During the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large, warm, and soft object in its environment, particularly if that object also gives it milk. After a week or so, however, the baby monkey begins to avoid newcomers and focuses its attentions on “mother” ---- the real mother or the mother-substitute(母亲替代物）.

During the first two weeks of its warmth is perhaps the most important psychological（心理的） thing that a monkey mother has to give to its baby. The Harlows, a couple who are both psychologists, discovered this fact by offering baby monkeys a choice of two types of mother-substitutes ---- one covered with cloth and one made of bare wire. If the two artificial mothers were both the same temperature, the little monkeys always preferred the cloth mother. However, if the wire model was heated, while the cloth model was cool, for the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the warm wire mother-substitutes as their favorites. Thereafter they switched and spent most of their time on the more comfortable cloth mother

Why is cloth preferable to bare wire? Something that the Harlows called contact（接触的） comfort seems to be the answer, and a most powerful influence it is. Baby monkeys spend much of their time rubbing against their mothers’ skins, putting themselves in as close contact with the parent as they can. Whenever the young animal is frightened, disturbed, or annoyed, it typically rushes to its mother and rubs itself against her body. Wire doesn’t“rub”as well as does soft wire cloth. Prolonged（长时间的）“contact comfort” with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and is much more rewarding to them than is either warmth or milk.

According to the Harlows, the basic quality of a baby’s love for its mother is trust. If the baby is put into an unfamiliar playroom without its mother, the baby ignores the toys no matter how interesting they might be. It screams in terror and curls up into a fury little ball. If its cloth mother is now introduced into the playroom, the bay rushes to it and holds onto it for dear life. After a few minutes of contact comfort, it obviously begins to feel more secure. It then climbs down from the mother-substitute and begins to explore the toys, but often rushes back for a deep embrace（拥抱）as if to make sure that its mother is still there and that all is well. Bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing with the toys and less and less time holding on to its “mother.” 

50. Psychologically, what does the baby monkey desire most during the first two weeks of its life?

A. Warmth     B. Milk     C. Contact         D. Trust

1.After the first two weeks of their life, baby moneys prefer the cloth mother to the wire mother because the former is __.

A．larger in size                           B．closer to them

C．less frightening and less disturbing          D．more comfortable to rub against

2.What does the baby monkey probably gain from prolonged “contact comfort”?

A．Attention         B．Softness           C．Confidence        D．Interest

3.It can be inferred that when the baby monkey feels secure,_____________.

A．it frequently rushes back for a deep embrace when exploring the toys

B．it spends more time screaming to get rewards

C．it is less attracted to the toys though they are interesting

D．it cares less about whether its mother is still around

4.The main purpose of the passage is to______________.

A．give the reasons of the experiment

B．present the findings of the experiment

C．introduce the method of the experiment

D．describe the process of the experiment

读写任务阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文
Since I started high school，there have been many misunderstandings between my parents and me．They think I am in puppy love(早恋)．
They secretly check my text messages and listen in on my phone conversations．They also talk with my class teacher and keep telling me how bad puppy love is．What my parents have done drives me so crazy that I have had several violent quarrels with them．I know they are trying to protect me from being hurt，but I just feel they are ignoring my need for privacy and independence．
I don't want this to go on，so I have decided to take some action．I on purpose leave my text
message and diaries about for them to read．I stay in their sight while I am talking on the phone and avoid joking with boys．I spend more time at home studying than hanging out and trying my best to improve my school performance．
Gradually，my parents have started to calm down．They hardly ever check my messages any more and allow me to talk with male classmate．I'm happy that they are beginning to trust me．
In our life，misunderstandings happen at times and bother us．But if we can put our feet into other's shoes and take positive action，a misunderstanding can be a chance to achieve better understanding．
【写作内容】
1．以约30个词概括上文的主要内容；
2．以约120个词讲述一次你或你的朋友被误会的经历，内容包括：
(1)时间、地点和起因；
(2)被别人误会给你或你的朋友带来的影响；
(3)你或你朋友是如何消除别人的误会。
【写作要求】
作文中可使用自己的亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参考阅读材料的内容但不得直接引用原文中的句子；    
【评分标准】
概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。

阅读下面的短文，然后按要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

   Middle and high school days are both fun and busy. Students spend their days in class, listening to the interesting and sometimes boring words of the teacher. They spend the short breaks running, playing, and shouting happily before going back to the classroom again. But how should students spend their free time outside school?

In Western countries, it is common for students to have a part-time job after school and at weekends. Students can earn their own money and learn more about the “real world”. They enjoy the extra independence and money, and parents enjoy the quiet house. However, it seems that, in China, parents worry so much about their children’ studies that they would prefer to see their children spending most of their free time studying and preparing for all those exams.

It is natural for parents to feel that way, but I believe the answer lies in balance. Sometimes, Western school children work long hours after school to make money, and so they become too tired to listen in class or have no time for homework. But Chinese students spend so much time on their studies that all else becomes less important until they want that new MP4 player.

So, find a good and healthy balance! If you have a part-time job, you’ll be happy, and your parents will also be happy because you’re spending your hard-earned money and not theirs!

[写作内容]

1） 概括短文的内容要点，该部分的字数大约30词左右；

2） 就“如何利用课余时间”这个主题发表你的看法，至少包含以下的内容要点，该部分的字数大约120词左右:

    a. 以自身为例，简述你平时是怎样打发课余时间的；

b. 你如何看待自己利用课余时间的方式；

    c. 你的父母对你利用课余时间的态度及你的看法。

 [写作要求]

       你可以使用实例或其它论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不要抄袭阅读材料中的句子。

[评分标准]

       概括的准确性、语言的规范性、内容的合适性以及篇章的连贯性。

阅读下面的短文，然后按要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
Middle and high school days are both fun and busy. Students spend their days in class, listening to the interesting and sometimes boring words of the teacher. They spend the short breaks running, playing, and shouting happily before going back to the classroom again. But how should students spend their free time outside school?
In Western countries, it is common for students to have a part-time job after school and at weekends. Students can earn their own money and learn more about the “real world”. They enjoy the extra independence and money, and parents enjoy the quiet house. However, it seems that, in China, parents worry so much about their children’ studies that they would prefer to see their children spending most of their free time studying and preparing for all those exams.
It is natural for parents to feel that way, but I believe the answer lies in balance. Sometimes, Western school children work long hours after school to make money, and so they become too tired to listen in class or have no time for homework. But Chinese students spend so much time on their studies that all else becomes less important until they want that new MP4 player.
So, find a good and healthy balance! If you have a part-time job, you’ll be happy, and your parents will also be happy because you’re spending your hard-earned money and not theirs!
[写作内容]
1） 概括短文的内容要点，该部分的字数大约30词左右；
2） 就“如何利用课余时间”这个主题发表你的看法，至少包含以下的内容要点，该部分的字数大约120词左右:
a. 以自身为例，简述你平时是怎样打发课余时间的；
b. 你如何看待自己利用课余时间的方式；
c. 你的父母对你利用课余时间的态度及你的看法。
[写作要求]
你可以使用实例或其它论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不要抄袭阅读材料中的句子。
[评分标准]
概括的准确性、语言的规范性、内容的合适性以及篇章的连贯性。