It is easy for us to tell who our family members are, but do plants recognize(识别) their own family? Some do, scientists say, according to a report by Science News in early 2010.
Guillermo P. Murphy and Susan Dudley are two plant scientists from McMaster University in Hamilton, Canada. They did a few experiments with Jewelweeds, a kind of flower that grows in wet, shady spots. They found that the flowers seem to know their own flower family. In their experiments, Murphy and Dudley planted jewelweeds in pots with either siblings or strangers.
When jewelweeds were planted in pots with strangers, the plants started to grow more leaves than if they had been planted alone. This response(反应)suggests that plants are competing with strangers for sunlight, since a plant with more leaves can receive more light and make more food. Jewelweeds usually grow in the shade, where sunlight is not enough.
When jewelweed seedlings(幼苗)were planted with siblings, they grew a few more branches than they usually would if they were alone – but they did not start growing lots of extra leaves. This behavior suggests the plants are more likely to share resources, rather than compete.
According to the Science News report, Jewelweeds are not the first plants that plant scientists have studied for family recognition. In 2007, Dudley and her team studied the Great Lakes sea rocket, a plant that grows on the beach – where it may be hard to get fresh water. In that experiment, the scientists found that when sea rockets were planted with siblings, they tolerated each other. But when they were planted with strangers, the sea rockets reacted by working extra hard to grow lots of roots.
Dudley says this just because sea rockets, on the beach, get plenty of sun but struggle for water – so when they’re threatened, they compete for water. Jewelweeds have plenty of water but have to compete for sunshine, so they grow more leaves.
【小题1】 What does the underlined word siblings mean?

It is easy for us to tell who our family members are, but do plants recognize(识别) their own family? Some do, scientists say, according to a report by Science News in early 2010.

Guillermo P. Murphy and Susan Dudley are two plant scientists from McMaster University in Hamilton, Canada. They did a few experiments with Jewelweeds, a kind of flower that grows in wet, shady spots. They found that the flowers seem to know their own flower family. In their experiments, Murphy and Dudley planted jewelweeds in pots with either siblings or strangers.

When jewelweeds were planted in pots with strangers, the plants started to grow more leaves than if they had been planted alone. This response(反应)suggests that plants are competing with strangers for sunlight, since a plant with more leaves can receive more light and make more food. Jewelweeds usually grow in the shade, where sunlight is not enough.

When jewelweed seedlings(幼苗)were planted with siblings, they grew a few more branches than they usually would if they were alone – but they did not start growing lots of extra leaves. This behavior suggests the plants are more likely to share resources, rather than compete.

According to the Science News report, Jewelweeds are not the first plants that plant scientists have studied for family recognition. In 2007, Dudley and her team studied the Great Lakes sea rocket, a plant that grows on the beach – where it may be hard to get fresh water. In that experiment, the scientists found that when sea rockets were planted with siblings, they tolerated each other. But when they were planted with strangers, the sea rockets reacted by working extra hard to grow lots of roots. 

Dudley says this just because sea rockets, on the beach, get plenty of sun but struggle for water – so when they’re threatened, they compete for water. Jewelweeds have plenty of water but have to compete for sunshine, so they grow more leaves.

1What does the underlined word siblings mean?

A. Flowers come from foreign countries.

B. Plants growing in different environments.

C. Flowers planted with lots of strangers.

D. Plants that are the same kind.

2 In the text, the writer mentioned the experiments of Jewelweeds to         .

 A. make a comparison                       B. introduce a topic

C. describe a pretty flower           D. build a new theory

3According to the passage, flowers planted alone will         .

A. grow more leaves than those planted in groups

B. become taller than those with more branches

C. grow fewer leaves than those planted with strangers

D. become ill easily because they can’t get enough shade

4What can be the best title for the passage?

A. New Discoveries about Plants        

B. How Plants Compete with Each Other

C. Family Recognition among Plants    

D. Jewelweeds and the Great Lakes Sea Rockets

2 hard. They did not have their umbrellas with them, and 3 was no place to hide（躲避）from the rain, so they were soon very 4 .

　　As they were walking home through the rain, the boy was thinking. Then he turned 5 his father and said to him, “Why does it rain, father? It isn't nice, is it?”

　　“No, it isn't very nice, 6 it is very useful, Tom,” answered his father. “t rains 7 the vegetables grow 8 , and to make the grass

9 for the cows and sheep.”

　　Tom thought about this 10 seconds, and then he asked, “Then, why does it rain on the road, too, father?”

Many students have hobbies, such as reading, painting, growing vegetables in their gardens, and looking  1   animals.  2   can make you grow, develop your interests and help you learn new skills.

David Smith is a student. His hobby is   3  . In senior high school, he wrote a book and it came out in 2007. Many teenagers(青少年)  4   his book. As a result, David is a successful (有成就的) young   5   now.

David is very lucky   6  his hobby has brought him enjoyment and success. But he thinks of writing  7  only one of his many hobbies or interests. He is       8   in many other things. “I like playing badminton (羽毛球), too.” says David. And he is a member of the school badminton team.

Remember that we   9   spend all our time on our favorite hobby. There are many other interesting things  10   in life, and we should try to do something new or different.x k b  1.c o m

1  A. at     B. for       C. up              D. after

2  A. Friends      B. Hobbies    C. Habits       D. Life

3  A. reading      B. painting     C. writing      D. fishing

4  A. like  B. show     C. hate           D. sell

5  A. writer  B. editor    C. scientist      D. lawyer (律师)

6  A. though       B. because    C. however   D. if

7  A. as           B. with      C. for        D. to

8  A. interesting  B. interest      C. interested    D. interests

9  A. should B. shouldn’t   C. must      D. needn’t

10A. making  B. to make    C. doing      D. to do