How much sleep do we need? We are all different. Some people need only three hours of sleep a night. Others need ten hours of sleep a night. Most Americans sleep an average (平均) of seven to eight hours a night. After the age of fifty, the average sleeping time goes down to 6.5 hours a night.

Most people have a bad night when they can’t fall asleep (入睡). The name of this problem is called insomnia.

This isn’t a new problem. Many famous people in history had insomnia, too. Some of these people had special ideas to make them sleep. Benjamin Franklin, the famous inventor, had four beds. He moved(移动) from one to another to fall asleep. King Louis XI V (国王路易十四) of France had four hundred and thirteen beds and hoped to fall asleep in one of them. Mark Twain, the famous American writer, had a different way. He lay on his side across the end of his bed.

1.After the age of fifty, the average sleep hours are_______ a night.

A. 3 hours B. 7or 8 hours C. 6.5 hours D. 10 hours

2.Which of the following is TRUE?

A. King Louis XI V was an American.

B. Many famous people in history had a bad night when they couldn't fall asleep.

C. Benjamin Franklin was a famous writer.

D. Most young Americans sleep for an average of 6.5 hours a night.

3.Why did King Louis XI V of France have more than four hundred beds?

A. Because he hoped to fall asleep.

B. Because he was a famous inventor.

C. Because he had a lot of money.

D. Because he liked to lie on his side across the end of his bed.

4.What does the word insomnia mean (意思) in Paragraph (段落) 2?

A. too many beds B. sleep well C. can’t sleep well D. problems

5.What’s Paragraph (段落) 1 talking about?

A. The history of sleep. B. How much sleep do we need?

C. The story of famous people. D. Why can’t we sleep?

Americans love cars．They go everywhere in them．8 5％of people in the US go to and from work by car. And most adults have driving licenses．Why does this car culture exist?
How it started
America’s love of cars started after the war(战争)when soldiers returned home from World War II to rebuild their lives．They borrowed money from the government to buy houses and cars which became the symbols of status(地位)．The more money they had，the bigger their cars were．
Making of roads
During the war，President Eisenhower noticed what good roads Germany had．He decided to build new four-lane(四车道)roads in America．He said if something happened suddenly，the two-lane roads wouldn’t be able to carry all the cars that would suddenly leave the cities．Car and oil companies liked his idea and building started．
Car lover
Not just teenagers are crazy about cars．Some Americans love their cars so much that they paint their cars beautifully .These are called Art Cars．Every April there is an activity in Houston，Texas，where they show their cars．
Pollution
Cars have polluted the environment．American President Bush refused a worldwide law that is against pollution．Many countries were angry about it．Bush said he had to think of the American economy(经济)and all the American people that make money from cars．Factories say they want to make cars that pollute less．But others say making cars that pollute less will never be as good as having fewer cars．
【小题1】When did Americans begin to love cars?   

Music and Behavior

Where did you go yesterday? Did you hear  1  at any of those places? Today most stores and restaurants play music. You might 2  hear music in an office or on a farm.

Scientists believe that music changes the  3  people behave. According to some scientists, the sound of western classical music makes people  4  richer. When a restaurant plays classical music, people spend  5  money on food and drinks. When the restaurant plays  6  music, people spend less money. With  7  music, people spend even less.

Scientists also  8  that loud , fast music makes people eat faster. In fact, people  9  their food faster when the music gets faster. Some restaurants play fast music during their   10  hours. This gets people to eat faster and leave more quickly. In this way, restaurants  11  make more money.

Some scientists think that music makes you think and learn better. They say  12  music helps students to be more active. It is true that people earn better when they are  13 . And listening to music can help you relax. 

The  14  time you hear music somewhere, be  15 . It might change the way you do things.

1.                A．music          B．stores          C．songs D．sound

2.                A．already         B．even           C．hardly    D．never

3.                A．way           B．time           C．idea D．place

4.                A．become        B．get            C．feel  D．look

5.                A．much          B．more           C．little D．less

6.                A．pop           B．modern         C．light D．country

7.                A．no            B．much          C．any  D．some

8.                A．expect         B．hope           C．realize   D．believe

9.                A．cook           B．order          C．eat  D．make

10.               A．free           B．busy           C．happy D．sad

11.               A．can            B．should         C．can’t    D．needn’t

12.               A．how           B．why           C．what  D．that

13.               A．excited         B．interested      C．confident  D．relaxed

14.               A．first           B．second         C．next  D．last

15.               A．quiet          B．quick          C．happy D．careful

Music and Behavior

Where did you go yesterday? Did you hear  1  at any of those places? Today most stores and restaurants play music. You might 2  hear music in an office or on a farm.

Scientists believe that music changes the  3  people behave. According to some scientists, the sound of western classical music makes people  4  richer. When a restaurant plays classical music, people spend  5  money on food and drinks. When the restaurant plays  6  music, people spend less money. With  7  music, people spend even less.

Scientists also  8  that loud , fast music makes people eat faster. In fact, people  9  their food faster when the music gets faster. Some restaurants play fast music during their   10  hours. This gets people to eat faster and leave more quickly. In this way, restaurants  11  make more money.

Some scientists think that music makes you think and learn better. They say  12  music helps students to be more active. It is true that people earn better when they are  13 . And listening to music can help you relax.  

The  14  time you hear music somewhere, be  15 . It might change the way you do things.

1.                A．music          B．stores          C．songs D．sound

2.                A．already         B．even           C．hardly    D．never

3.                A．way           B．time           C．idea D．place

4.                A．become        B．get            C．feel  D．look

5.                A．much          B．more           C．little D．less

6.                A．pop           B．modern         C．light D．country

7.                A．no            B．much          C．any  D．some

8.                A．expect         B．hope           C．realize   D．believe

9.                A．cook           B．order          C．eat  D．make

10.               A．free           B．busy           C．happy D．sad

11.               A．can            B．should         C．can’t    D．needn’t

12.               A．how           B．why           C．what  D．that

13.               A．excited         B．interested      C．confident  D．relaxed

14.               A．first           B．second         C．next  D．last

15.               A．quiet          B．quick          C．happy D．careful