2、学会正确使用连接词：

表示时间：in the beginning; meanwhile/at the same time; now/at present; afterwards; recently/lately; finally;

表示罗列或递进：first…second..; firstly….then/next…..finally; to begin with; for one thing, for another; on (the) one hand, on the other hand; besides/what’s more/in addition/ moreover/ furthermore/also/ on top of that ; what’s worse, worse still, even worse; especially….

表示因果关系 so, therefore, as a result (of), thus, consequently, because, owing to,　 due to,　 thanks to.

表示解释：for example/ instance; take…for example; in fact; actually; in this case (非限制性

in which case)

表示并列：and, not only…but also, as well as, both…and, neither….nor, either …or

表示转折：but, however, or / otherwise, on the contrary, on the other hand, in contrast, instead, after all

表示条件：unless, if, as /so long as, on condition that, considering…, seeing(that)…

表示让步：though, although, while(句首); as(倒装); even if/though, whether…or, whatever等=no matter what等;

表示比较：be similar to; similarly; by contrast; in contrast; compared to/with; in comparison with; just as, just like

表示目的：so that, in order to, so as to, do….for the reason that….;

表示强调或说明：obviously, surely, no doubt, above all, in fact, actually

表示概括归纳：in short/conclusion / summary/ brief; in a word; to summarize/conclude/sum up; generally speaking; in my opinion / view, from my point of view, as far as I know/am concerned, based on above; as has been mentioned /stated above; as we all know

一、解题指导

不管是何种类型书面表达，看图类（包括漫画、新闻图片、柱状图饼图等）、读写任务型写作、提纲类（提供中文写作提纲，如表格中提供很少的关键信息），都要严把审题关。

二、巩固训练

A

In a fast changing world, people seldom see a device or equipment that lasts for a long time these days. There are always new inventions, different models, or upgrades cropping up one after the other and as consumers people highly anticipate the faster and better kind than what they already have. Therefore it is quite a surprise that a mini projector(投影仪) is still in use today not only in small scale businesses, schools, or homes but in big corporations and institutions as well. Sure it has a few additional features here and there but the main function is the same.

A mini projector today has been fitted with top of the line parts and high quality materials to ensure its efficiency and performance can meet the demands of whoever it is for. It is so designed that it can be used indoors or outdoors with the same functions. The mini projector, as the name suggests, is handy and compact and can easily be brought anywhere by just one person. It can support a broader scope of signals now; USB and card readers are now installed to cope with the pieces of equipments that people use today to store data.

It can be used at home where it can provide as a form of entertainment or start a conversation during family bonding times. The owner can easily use the mini projector to share with other members the photos and videos of one particular vacation, or just to play a series of beautiful landscapes.

Offices also benefit from a mini projector especially during an important meeting or presentation. With at par resolution(标准的分辨率), employees can easily decipher(辨认) the text or data with the use of a mini projector, its bright LED light is sufficient enough to provide a bright and clear image without distortion(变形). Users can now bring this anywhere with them and can be especially useful on a location where the voltage(电压) is unknown.

Perhaps one of the more common places where a mini projector is used constantly is in schools. Teachers or professors use this as an aid to a lesson or discussion to provide better visual aids than usual and to even deliver their lecture with the use of a mini projector and minimize the use of a board and writing pen. It is often said that children have a very short attention span but they remember things more when things are presented to them visually. This is the perfect use of a mini projector in classrooms where kids easily forget their lesson for the day. Teachers use this to show the class pictures or illustrations that tie with the topics for students to remember.

B

Observational Learning: To See Is to Know

A group of psychologists, led by Albert Bandura, developed social learning theory, which emphasizes the fact that much learning occurs in a social context. This kind of learning, which results simply from observing and imitating the behavior of others, is called observational learning. Observational learning helps people acquire proper behavior in their families and cultures. By watching others, we learn how to greet people, eat, laugh and tell jokes. Do you still remember your first few days in senior grade one? By watching others, you learned how people talked to each other, what clothes were “fashionable,” and how to interact with instructors.

With modeling, you observe others’ behavior, and then none, some, or all of the behavior may be learned and repeated, or modified. In one of Bandura’s classic studies, children were divided into three groups: One group watched an adult beating up a Bobo doll, one group watched an adult ignoring the Bobo doll, and the third didn’t see an adult at all. After being mildly frustrated by being placed in a room with toys, but not being allowed to play with some of them, all of the children were then placed in another room with a variety of toys, including a Bobo doll. Children in the first group tended to imitate what they had seen, mistreating the doll (and inventing new ways to abuse it).

Researchers have discovered that several characteristics of models can make learning through observation more effective. Not surprisingly, the more you pay attention to the model, the more you learn. You are more likely to pay attention if the model is an expert, is good looking, has high status, or is socially powerful. Second, by watching others, we learn about what behavior is appropriate for people like ourselves, so models who are seen as similar are more readily imitated. All students need to see successful, capable models who look and sound like them.

Then, as teachers, how can you apply observational learning? Here are a few guidelines. Above all, model the behavior and attitudes you desire your students to learn. For example, show enthusiasm for the subject you teach. Be willing to demonstrate both the mental and the physical tasks you expect the students to perform. Second, use peers, especially class leaders, as models. For example, in group work, pair students who do well with those who are having difficulties. Third, you may seek the help of class leaders in modeling behavior. Examples include letting high-status students lead an activity when you need class cooperation or when students are likely to be reluctant at first.

C

Attitude is a mental state relative to what we believe and affects our entire lives. We express our attitude in our words and actions.

One of the most important steps you can take toward achieving your greatest potential in life is to learn to monitor your attitude and its impact on your work performance，relationships and everyone around you.

In truth，people generally don’t have a high level of attitude awareness. They’ll know if they are hungry or if their feet hurt，but they usually don’t have a good handle on their attitude. That is a mistake because attitude decides everything. It governs the way you perceive(感知) the world and the way the world perceives you.

We all have a choice. We can choose an inner dialogue or self ­ encouragement and self ­ motivation. It’s a power we all have. Each of us experiences hard times，hurt feelings，heartache，and physical and emotional pain. The key is to realize it’s not what happens to you that matters；it’s how you choose to respond.

Your mind is a computer that can be programmed. Your inner dialogue is the software that programs your attitude，which determines how you present yourself to the world around you. You have control over the programming. Whatever you put into it is reflected in what comes out. The sad reality of life is that we will continue to hear negative information，but we don’t have to program it into our brains.

The loudest and most influential voice you hear is your own inner voice.It can work for or against you，depending on the messages you allow. It can be optimistic or pessimistic(悲观的)．It can wear you down or cheer you up.

Habitual bad attitudes are often the product of past experiences and events.Common causes include low self ­ esteem，stress，fear，resentment，anger and an inability to handle changes. It takes serious work to examine the roots of a harmful attitude，but the rewards of ridding ourselves of this heavy baggage can last a lifetime.

Here are several strategies to improve your attitude：

Enthusiasm—Vital Tool for Staying Motivated

Enthusiasm is to attitude what breathing is to life. Enthusiasm makes it possible for you to apply your gifts more effectively. Enthusiasm means putting yourself in motion. It’s an internal spirit that speaks through your actions.

Lighten Up Your Life with Humor

Humor is a powerful motivator. The more humor and laughter in your life，the less stress youll have，which means more positive energy to help you put your attitude into action. There are also health benefits to lightening up.

Exercising Will Help Keep You Motivated

One of the best ways to move to a more positive and motivated mind is to exercise. A regular exercise routine can provide relatively quick positive feedback in the form of weight loss，muscle development and a sense of doing something positive for yourself. Seek your personal and professional success by using the tools above. It is no secret that life seems to reward us most when we approach the world with a positive attitude.

F、书面表达

38. The writer was surprised at the farm girl's words and he thought people often _______.

　 A. expected to get the best things　 　　　 B. enjoyed perfectly beautiful days

　 C. ignored the bright side of each day　 D. felt really bad due to poor sleep at night

37. What can we learn from Paragraphs 5, 6 and 7?

　 A. The writer tended to farm animals firsthand.

　 B. The cowboy was lazy and fell asleep among the cows.

　 C. The writer found peace where farm animals were kept.

　 D. The turkeys got into panic with "Thanksgiving" approaching

36. The following things happened in the Bloomsbury Fair except　　　 .

　 A. food sellers' shouting　 　　　　　　　　 　　　　 B. the writer's selling goodies

　 C. people's bargaining and talking　 　　　 D. the loudspeaker's broadcasting music

35. The writer went to the Bloomsburg Fair probably in order to　　　　 .

A. have fun 　B. get ideas for writing　 C. do shopping　 D. escape something he disliked