2. What ____ Jane ____ by the time he was sever?

A. did, do　　　　　 B. has,　 done　　　 C did, did.　　　　　　 D. had,　 done

一. 单项选择

1． He asked me _____ during the summer holidays.

A. where I had been　　　 B. where I had gone　　　 C. where had I been　　　 D. where had I gone

3. Xiao Pei said she ______ Hainan for 3 months.

　　 A. has been in　　　 　B. had been in　　　　 　C. had been to　　　　 　D. had gone to

　解析："小培说她去了海南三个月　 "。have been to 和have gone to 都是短暂性的动词短语。所以适应表示状态的have been in. 应选B.

巩固练习

2. Mary said it was at least five years since he ______ a good drink.

　　 　A. enjoyed　　　　 　B. was enjoying　　　 　C. had enjoyed　　　 　D. would enjoy

　解析：It was + 时间段+since 引导的从句中用过去完成时。应选C。

1. He ______ in Shanghai University for four years before he ______ Beijing.

　　　 A. studied, had gone　　　　　 　B. had studied, went

　　 　C. has studied, goes　　　 　　　D. had studied, had gone

　解析："他去北京之前在上大学学习了4年 "。在上海学习的动作发生在去北京之前，因此第一个空应用过去完成时。此题选B。

2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。

如： She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition.

例题解析：

五、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别

虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点：　

1. 时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。

试比较：

　They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.

　They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.

四、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别

　现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为“助动词 have (has) + 过去分词”；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。试比较：

I have learned 1000 English words so far.

到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。

I had learned 1000 English words till then.

到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。

— I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。

— Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.

没什么，我只等了几分钟。（“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在）

— John returned home yesterday. 约翰昨天回到家的。

— Where had he been?

他去哪儿了？（答语中使用过去完成时是指约翰在 returned home 之前去了哪些地方，即“过去的过去”）

4. 过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。

如： By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years. （ had worked 已有了 20 年，还有继续进行下去的可能）

3. 过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与 already ， yet ， still ， just ， before ， never 等时间副词及 by ， before ， until 等引导的短语或从句连用。

如： Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years.　

　　　 Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten.