7. 逻辑错误

[误]Liu Hua is a kind-hearted girl; she will be successful in anything she tries.

[正]As she has a strong will and confidence in herself, Liu Hua may be successful in anything she tries.

[析]“一个心地善良的人能保证事事都能成功”这个推理不合理。“一个具有坚强意志和信念的人可能会取得成功”这才合乎逻辑。在写作时，不少学生从语言角度考虑得多，而从逻辑角度考虑得少。因此，常常出现不少逻辑错误。

[巩固练习7]

1) Americans are tall.

2) Every bird can fly.

3) She must be ill because I saw a doctor going into her room.

4) When I was going out, it began to rain.

5) The armymen had been marching all day and their uniforms were green.

5. 非完整句错误

[误]The woman talked to you just now is our English teacher.

[正]The woman who talked to you just now is our English teacher.

[析]一个句子至少包括主语和谓语两部分（祈使句除外），如果将句子的某一部分当作一个完整的句子，就会导致非完整句错误。写作中，很多学生会犯此错误，应特别引起注意。

[巩固练习5]

1) China is no longer what used to be.

2) Although is ten years old, this little boy plays the piano very well.

3) The picture is about a poor little boy lived in old China.

4) The person came to see me that afternoon is an old friend of mine.

5) I can’t imagine what life would be like if haven’t any TV sets.

6) Without a friend will feel lonely.

4. 无连接词错误

[误]You practice more reading, your reading ability will be improved.

[正]If you practice reading more, your reading ability will be improved.

[析]英语句子的特点之一是重“形合”，句子的各个部分要由各种连词、关系词等连接起来；而汉语句子是重“意合”，句子前后连接主要是通过上下文的逻辑意义来实现的，连接词的使用远远少于英语，由于这一特点，很多学生在写作时往往忘了使用连接词，造成诸多病句。

[巩固练习4]

1) A person has not enough food, he will not have a healthy body.

2) I am tired, I must go on working.

3) China is still a developing country, most people can not afford a car yet.

4) You use your head, you will find a way.

5) The teacher spoke slowly, the students might understand her.

6) I arrived at the station, the train had left.

7) We all went home after the picnic, it had started to rain.

8) We were looking for your new coat, we could not find it.

9) The sun warms the earth, this makes it possible for the plants grow.

10) His bedroom seemed empty there were only two chairs, a small desk and a bed.

3. 用词累赘

[误]If you lend me 50 dollars, I’ll repay back you next week.

[正]If you lend me 50 dollars, I’ll repay you next week.

[析]“累赘”现象普遍存在于学生习作中，要避免这一现象的发生，必须加强语言基本功训练，学习中要勤思多练，同时熟记一些易于出现“累赘”现象的单词和语句。

[巩固练习3]

1) The teacher repeated that sentence again.

2) Lesson Nine is more easier than Lesson Ten.

3) Her future plan is that she is going to study abroad.

4) Li Ping hurries to go to school every day.

5) I have returned you the book you lent it to me last week.

6) The old man lives alone by himself.

7) He woke at six a.m. in the morning.

8) Wei Hua is frightened with fear by the strange sound coming from the next room.

9) I received a letter from Jim in last week.

10) The box is too heavy for the weak girl to carry it.

2. 词性混淆

[误]When people have difficult, we should help them.

[正]When people have difficulty, we should help them.

[析]词汇对于写作相当重要，词汇量越大越便于写作。但是，很多学生平时在记单词时，光记拼写、读音和词义，忽视词性，这是不对的。因为英语句子的各个成分都是由一定词性的词来充当的。

[巩固练习2]

1) He against your plan.

2) She often by bus to school.

3) A week past before his letter arrived.

4) She always does her homework careful.

5) Can you tell Asia elephants from African elephants?

6) Fortunate, people are beginning to realize how serious the pollution is.

7) My brother down into the cold water.

1. 关系不一致

英语语法要求意义一致。所谓意义一致，不仅知主谓在人称或数上一致，还应取决于主语所表达的实际意义。违反了这一原则，就会产生不一致的错误。

[误]If she have much money, she can buy many things that she want.

[正]If she has much money, she can buy many things that she wants.

[巩固练习1]

1) The secretary and manager were present at the meeting yesterday.

2) Joan with other three girls have been to Beijing.

3) In spite of its small size, these cameras can take very good pictures.

4) He closed the door and hurries away to class.

5) He lived in the countryside for two years, and his life there was always remembered by him.

6) If I were your, I won’t do that.

7) We have been to Europe many time.

独立分句之间的连接方式有三种：1. 用并列连词连接；2. 用分号和连接副词或由分号单独连接(意义比较紧密的句子)；3. 用句号连接。

在书面表达中，有不少考生不注意标点符号的使用，或都是句号，或一逗到底，因此失分，甚为可惜。还有一些是因为受汉语的影响而出现错误。如：

His house is next to the school, he is always the first to come.

这个句子是错误的。这种用逗号分开，而又不相互依存的两个或多个简单句构成的整句在英语中是错误的。可改为：

His house is next to the school, so he is always the first to come.

Because his house is next to the school, he is always the first to come.

The most significant dates of the Civil War were April 12, 1861; July 3, 1863; April 9, 1865.

注意：

在任何一种位置上，分号都仅出现在并列成分之间，即两个语法成分相同的成分之间。再如：

A hundred years ago, 50 percent of Americans were farmers; today, only 4 percent are farmers.

3. 分号――由逗号和句号合并而成，它是强于逗号、弱于句号的分隔号。主要用于：

(1) 用于两个独立的分句之间。凡两个分句没有并列连词and, but, or, nor, for等连接时，就必须用分号。

The girls did the dishes; the boys swept the floor.

First he learned Spanish; later he also took French.

(2) 用在由连接副词连接的独立成分之间。在连接副词however, therefore, consequently, nevertheless, moreover, accordingly, also, thus, otherwise等连接的独立分句之间，要用分号。

There was more money left; therefore, we decided to plan a trip to Qingdao.

Most of the class went on the trip; however, Liu Hua stayed at school.

My alarm didn’t go off on time; consequently, I missed the train.

(3) 分隔带有逗号的一些列词组和从句。

He had a car, which he hadn’t paid for; a wife, whom he didn’t love; and a father, who was very old.