4．为了庆祝国庆节，他们正在做各种准备。(celebration)

3．人们相信她已经写了和她姐姐一样多的文章。(as… as)

2．每天锻炼一小时会使人健康。(make)

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

1．这幅画越来越有价值了。(valuable)

E

80．　　　　

　　 The cost of transporting water is determined largely by how far it has to be carried and how high it has to be lifted. Growing cities and towns may have to go hundreds of kilometers to find the water needed to satisfy their increasing thirst. California cities have long imported water from hundreds of kilometers away. And China is constructing three canals that are 1,156 kilometers, 1,267 kilometers, and 260 kilometers long to transfer water from the Yangtze River to Beijing and other rapidly growing areas in the northern provinces.

81．　　　　

Pumping water out of the ground or over land to higher elevations is energy-intensive. Pumping 480 cubic meters of water a height of 100 meters requires some 200 kilowatt-hours of electricity. At a price of 10¢ per kilowatt-hour, the cost is $20-not including the cost of the pump, the well, and the piping. One hundred meters is not an unusual lift for wells tapping falling supplies of groundwater. In Beijing and other areas in northern China, for instance, lifts of 1,000 meters are sometimes required.

82．　　　　　

In most places water is not purchased or exchanged in a market. But formal water markets are developing in the western United States, Australia, and Chile. Where these water markets do exist, they provide examples of how high the scarcity value of the water-that is, the amount that other potential users would be willing to pay for it-can be. Water prices in Australia’s markets peaked at near 75¢ per cubic meter in December 2006, climbing 20-fold in a year in part due to prolonged drought. In the U.S. West, water prices typically range between 3 cents and 10 cents per cubic meter.

83．　　　　　

In India, water scarcity has prompted some farmers to profit by selling their water instead of farming. The water they formerly used to irrigate their crops is instead pumped from their wells and trucked to nearby cities. The farmers are harvesting water rather than food and at the same time promoting a rapid drop in underground water tables.

84．　　　　　

Another factor affecting how much people pay for water is the amount it is subsidized (补助). Water subsidies can be very large. For instance, water revenues in the city of Delhi are less than 20 percent of what it spends each year to provide water. On average worldwide, nearly 40 percent of municipal suppliers do not charge enough for water to meet their basic operation and maintenance costs.

第Ⅱ卷(共45分)

D

A recent study, while showing a generally positive attitude toward science, also suggests a widespread worry that it may be “running out of control”. This idea is dangerous.

Science can be a force for evil as well as for good. Its applications can be channeled either way, depending on our decisions. The decisions we make, personally or collectively, will determine the outcomes of science. But here is a real danger. Science is advancing so fast and is so strongly influenced by businesses that we are likely to believe whatever decisions we come to will make little difference. And, rather than fighting for the best possible policies, we may step back and do nothing.

Some people go even further. They say that despite the moral and legal objections(反对), whatever is scientifically possible will be done-somewhere, sometime. They believe that science will get out of control in the end. This belief is dangerous too, because it fuels a sense of hopelessness and discourages then from making efforts to build a safer world.

In our interconnected world, the lack of agreement in and out of the world of science can lead to the failure to control the use of science. Without a common understanding, the challenges of “controlling” science in this century will be really tough. Take human cloning for example. Despite the general agreement among scientists on its possible huge impact(影响) on traditional moral values, some countries still go ahead with the research and development of its related techniques. The outcomes are hard to predict.

Therefore, discussions on how science is applied should be extended far beyond scientific societies. Only through the untied efforts of people with hope, can we be fully safe against the misuse of science and can science best serve mankind in the future.

76．What can we conclude from the recent study?

　　　 A．People think highly of science.

　　　 B．People hold mixed opinions about science.

　　　 C．Science is getting dangerously out of control.

　　　 D．Science is used for both good and bad purposes.

77．According to the passage, what will happen if we hold that science is getting beyond control?

　　　 A．The development of science will hopelessly slow down.

　　　 B．Businesses will have even greater influence on science.

　　　 C．The public will lose faith in bringing about a bright future.

　　　 D．People will work more actively to put science under control.

78．The discussion should reach beyond scientific societies because ________.

　　　 A．scientists have failed to predict the outcomes

　　　 B．the ties between different areas need strengthening

　　　 C．united efforts are necessary for the development of science

　　　 D．people need to work together to prevent the bad use of science

79．What is the main idea of the passage?

　　　 A．Science and its applications bring us many dangers.

　　　 B．The development of science mostly lies in people’s attitudes.

　　　 C．Mankind can largely take control of science with their efforts.

　　　 D．The future of science will be influenced by the dangerous ideas.

Section C

Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A – F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.

C

How to be a Winner

Sir Steven Redgrave

Winner of 5 Olympic Gold Medals

　　 “In 1997 I was found to have developed diabetes (糖尿病). Believing my career (职业生涯) was over, I felt extremely low. Then one of the specialists said there was to no reason why I should stop training and competing. That was it -the encouragement I needed. I could still be a winner if I believed in myself. I am not saying that it isn't difficult sometimes. But I wanted to prove to myself that I wasn't finished yet. Nothing is to stand in my way. ”

Karen Pickering

Swimming World Champion

“I swim 4 hours a day, 6 days a week. I manage that sort of workload by putting it on top of my diary. This is the key to success-you can’t follow a career in any field without being well-organized. List what you believe you can achieve. Trust yourself, write down your goals for the day, however small they are, and you’ll be a step closer to achieving them. ”

Kirsten Best

Poet & Writer

“When things are getting hard, a voice inside my head tells me that I can't achieve something. Then, there are other distractions, such as family or hobbies. The key is to concentrate. When I feel tense, it helps a lot to repeat words such as ‘calm’, ‘peace’ or ‘focus’, either out loud or silently in my mind. It makes me feel more in control and increases my confidence. This is a habit that can become second nature quite easily and is a powerful psychological(心理的)tool. ”

72．What does Sir Steven Redgrave mainly talk about?

A．Difficulties influenced his career.

B．Specialists offered him medical advice.

C．Training helped him defeat his disease.

D．He overcame the shadow of illness to win.

73．What does Karen Pickering put on top of her diary?

A．Her training schedule. 　　　　　　　　　　　　 B．Her daily happenings.

C．Her achievements.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D．Her sports career.

74．What does the underlined word “distractions” probably refer to？

　　　 A．Ways that help one to focus.

　　　 B．Words that help one to feel less tense.

　　　 C．Activities that turn one's attention away.

　　　 D．Habits that make it hard for one to relax.

75．According to the passage, what do the three people have in common?

　　 A．Courage.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B．Devotion.

　　　 C．Hard work.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D．Self-confidence.

B

　　 I was waiting for a phone call from my agent. He had left at message the night before, telling me that my show was to be cancelled. I called him several times, but each time his secretary told me that he was in a meeting and that he would call me later. So I waited and waited, but there was still no call. Three hours passing by, I became more and more impatient. I was certain that my agent didn’t care about my work, and he didn’t care about me. I was overcome with that thought. I started to shout at the phone, “Let me wait, will you? Who do you think you are?”

At that time I didn’t realize my wife was looking on. Without showing her surprise, she rushed in, seized the phone, tore off the wires, and shouted at the phone, “Yeah! Who do you think you are? Bad telephone! Bad telephone! ” And she swept it into the wastebasket.

I stood watching her, speechless .What on earth?

She stepped to the doorway and shouted at the test of the house, “Now hear this! All objects in this room-if you do anything to upset my husband , out you go!”

Then she turned to me, kissed me, and said calmly, “Honey, you just have to learn how to take control.” With that, she left the room.

After watching a crazy woman rushing in and out, shouting at everything in sight, I noticed that something in my mood(情绪)had changed. I was laughing. How could I have trouble with that phone? Her anties helped me realize I had been driven crazy by small things. Twenty minutes later my agent did call. I was able to listen to him and talk to him calmly.

68．Why did the author shout at the telephone?

　　　 A．He was mad at the telephone.

　　　 B．He was angry with his agent.

　　　 C．He was anxious about his wife.

　　　 D．He was impatient with the secretary.

69．What did the author’s wife do after she heard his shouting?

　　　 A．She said nothing.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B．She shouted at him.

　　　 C．She called the agent.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D．She threw the phone away.

70．What made the author laugh?

　　　 A．His own behavior.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B．His wife’s suggestion.

　　　 C．His changeable feelings.　　　　　　　　　　　　 D．His wife’s sweet kiss.

71．What does the underlined word “anties” refer to?

　　　 A．Smut words.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B．Unusual actions.

　　　 C．Surprising Looks.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D．Anxious feelings.

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each bank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

As Christmas drew near, Ursula was faced with just that problem. She had come to live in an American home and learn English. 　50　 , she would mind the children and do anything she was asked.

One of her tasks was to keep track of 　51　 Christmas presents．Ursula did this faithfully, but she became increasingly worried．What could she buy for her 　52　 with the little money she had that would compare with the gifts she was recording daily?　 53　 ,even without any of the gifts , her employer seems to have everything．

Ursula _ 54 _ long and hard．On Christmas Eve, she went to a store. She moved slowly through crowds of shoppers, 　55　 things in her mind．Finally she bought a baby dress．She immediately called 　56　 . “Excuse me, please, can you help me find a poor family with a baby?”　 “A poor family?” said the 　57　 　driver. “Yes, a very poor family.” Ursula told the man of what she was trying to do. He 　58　 in silence, and then said, “I know a family who 　59　 just about everything.”

Early the next day, Ursula 　61　 everyone for the presents she received. Then, she began to　　 　62　 　why there seemed to be none from her. She told about what she did the night before. When she finished, there was a long 　63　 . “You see,” she added, “I try to do a kindness in your　 　64　 . And this is my Christmas present to you.”

50．A．In return　　　　　　 B．As a result　　　　　 C．By the way 　　　　 D．In a sense

51．A．delivering　　　　　　 B．mailing　　　　　　　　 C．arriving　　　　　　　 D．sending

52．A．American family B．own family 　　　　　 C．friends 　　　　　　　 D．classmates

53．A．Otherwise 　　　　　 B．Therefore 　　　　　 C．Besides 　　　　　　　 D．However

54．A．talked 　　　　　　　　 B．worked 　　　　　　　 C．waited 　　　　　　　 D．thought

55．A．selecting 　　　　　　 B．matching 　　　　　 C．remembering 　　　 D．organizing

56．A．a shop 　　　　　　　 B．a taxi 　　　　　　　　 C．her employer 　　　 D．her parents

57．A．delighted 　　　　　　 B．anxious　　　　　　　 C．surprised 　　　　　 D．respectful

58．A．noticed 　　　　　　　 B．listened 　　　　　　　 C．got out 　　　　　　　 D．carried on

59．A．buys 　　　　　　　　 B．has 　　　　　　　　　　 C．uses 　　　　　　　　　 D．needs

60．A．garage 　　　　　　　 B．building 　　　　　　 C．station 　　　　　　　 D．yard

61．A．thanked 　　　　　　 B．encouraged 　　　　 C．praised 　　　　　　　 D．admired

62．A．settle 　　　　　　　　 B．repeat 　　　　　　　　 C．argue 　　　　　　　　 D．explain

63．A．delay 　　　　　　　　 B．silence 　　　　　　　 C．time 　　　　　　　　　 D．break

64．A．case 　　　　　　　　　 B．opinion 　　　　　　　 C．memory 　　　　　　 D．name

Section B

Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

A

How Room Designs Affect Our Work and Feelings

　　 Architects have long had the feeling that the places we live in can affect our thoughts, feelings and behaviors. But now scientists are giving this feeling an empirical(经验的，实证的) basis. They are discovering how to design spaces that promote creativity, keep people focused and lead to relaxation.

Researches show that aspects of the physical environment can influence creativity. In 2007, Joan Meyers-Levy at the University of Minnesota, reported that the height of a room’s ceiling affects how people think. Her research indicates that higher ceilings encourage people to think more freely, which may lead them to make more abstract connections. Low ceilings, on the other hand, may inspire a more detailed outlook.

In additions to ceiling height, the view afforded by a building may influence an occupant’s ability to concentrate. Nancy Wells and her colleagues at Cornell University found in their study that kids who experienced the greatest increase in greenness as a result of a family move made the most gains on a standard test of attention.

Using nature to improve focus of attention ought to pay off academically, and it seems to, according to a study led by C. Kenneth Tanner, head of the School Design & Planning Laboratory at the University of Georgia. Tanner and his team found that students in classrooms with unblocked views of at least 50 feet outside the window had higher scores on tests of vocabulary, language arts and maths than did students whose classrooms primarily overlooked roads and parking lots.

Recent study on room lighting design suggests than dim(暗淡的) light helps people to loosen up. If that is true generally, keeping the light low during dinner or at parties could increase relaxation. Researchers of Harvard Medical School also discovered that furniture with rounded edges could help visitors relax.

So far scientists have focused mainly on public buildings. “We have a very limited number of studies, so we’re almost looking at the problem through a straw(吸管),” architect David Allison says. “How do you take answers to very specific questions and make broad, generalized use of them? That’s what we’re all struggling with.”　

65．What does Joan Meyers-Levy focus on in her research?

　　　 A．Light. 　　　　　　　　 B．Ceilings. 　　　　　　 C．Windows. 　　　　　 D．Furniture.

66．The passage tells us that ______.

　 　 A．the shape of furniture may affect people’s feelings

　 　 B．lower ceilings may help improve students’ creativity

　 　 C．children in a dim classroom may improve their grades

　 　 D．students in rooms with unblocked views may feel relaxed

67．The underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably means that ______.

　 　 A．the problem is not approached step by step

　 　 B．the researches so far have faults in themselves

　 　 C．the problem is too difficult for researchers to detect

　 　 D．research in this area is not enough to make generalized patterns

40．The student asked his teacher to explain 　　　　it was so?

　　　 A．which　　　　　　　　 B．that　　　　　　　　　　 C．what　　　　　　　　　　 D．how

Section B

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Each year around 800 people – most of them children – need treatment in hospital for injuries caused by fireworks. A third of the accidents take place at back garden firework parties and about a third of the 　41　 　are to children under the age of 13. The cost of medical treatment after firework accidents can be as much as ￡20 million a year.

Martin Pearcey, 11, is one of the lucky ones: he could have been 　42　 　in one eye.

Like hundreds of others on November 5 (Guy Fawkes’s Night), Martin went to his 　43　 　park to see the fireworks display. He was with his brothers, John and Dave.

“A gang of kids had taken the 　44　 　material out of several fireworks and had put it in a pile on the ground,” remembers John.

“When they lit it, it went off and 　45　 　Martin in his eye.”

John 　46 　　Martin to their grandmother’s house nearby, where the eye was immediately bathed in cold water. He was then taken to hospital, where a sterilized (消毒的) patch was put over it.

“At first he couldn’t see a thing because the eye was so swollen,” says Martin’s elder sister, pat. “It was weeks before it would open 　47　 　again.”

His dad agrees. “He was lucky not to lose the sight of that eye.”

“Little kids shouldn’t be able to get hold of fireworks,” adds Pat. “I think organized 　48　 　are much safer.”

And young Martin now says, “I don’t mind fireworks when grown – ups are 　49　 , but I don’t like it when little kids have them. I think fireworks are a bit stupid, really.”