2. They often go to school across the street.
1. The bus is coming across the bridge.
13. I’d love to sail across the Pacific.
我想要乘船横渡太平洋.
Across prep ,横越,…..通常指过河,过桥,过街.
“across”,和“through”,它们都有“穿过”的意思,但其用法有如下区别:
“across”,意为“横过”,常指从这边到另一边,即:“from this side to the other”,图形好像“十”字。
例如:
12. We would like to travel to an exciting place, and we don’t mind how far we
have to go.
我们想去一个有趣的地方去旅行,我们不在乎要去多远的地方。
(1)句中的exciting是由动词excite变来的形容词,我们可以称之为“-ing型形容词”;另外,形容
词excited也是动词excite变来的形容词,我们可称之为“-ed型形容词”。在英语这样变化而来的形容词很
多。
一般情况下,“-ing型形容词”有主动和进行的含义,是人或物本身所具有的品质,如exciting意为
“令人兴奋的,使人感到有趣的”;而“-ed型形容词”有被动或已完成的含义,表示由于受到了某种影响
而产生的结果,如excited表示“感到兴奋的,感到有趣的”。
从下面的例句中仔细体会一下两种形容词的不同。
The children are very excited to hear the exciting news.
听到那个令人兴奋的消息,孩子们很兴奋。
I’m very interested in the interesting story.
我对这个有趣的故事很感兴趣。
(interested, interesting由动词interest变化而来)
They were amazed at the amazing finish.
他们对那个令人吃惊的结局感到很惊讶。
(amazed, amazing是由动词amaze变化而来)
The audience were deeply moved when they saw the moving film Titanic.
看《泰坦尼克号》这部感人的电影时,观众们被深深地打动了。
(moved, moving是动词move变化而来)
The old man was very tired during the tiring journey.
在令人劳累的旅途中那位老人感到很疲倦。
(tired, tiring是由动词tire变化而来)
He was too surprised to say a word when he heard the surprising result.
听到这个令人震惊的结果,他惊讶地说不出话来。
(surprised, surprising是由动词surprise变化而来)
(2)句中的mind是动词,表示“(对……)介意,反对”,作此意讲时,mind常用于疑问句或否定句
中,后面接名词,副词或动词“-ing形式”。例如:
It doesn’t matter, I don’t mind the heat.
没关系,我不在乎炎热。
She wouldn’t mind taking care of the children.
她不会介意照顾这些孩子的。
Do you mind my standing here?
你介意我站在这里吗?
I came a little bit earlier, I hope you don’t mind.
我来得早了点,希望你不介意。
(3)句中的have to 表示“必须,不得不”。
<1>have to 后面接动词原形,当主语为第三人称单数时,用has to 。例如:
My home is far from my school, so I have to get up early every morning.
我家离学校很远,所以我不得不早晨早起。
Tom has to stay at home to look after his sister.
汤姆不得不呆在家里照顾他的妹妹。
<2>have to 用于否定句和疑问句时,要根据时态加助动词。例如:
He doesn’t have to do his homework at school.
他不必在学校里做作业。
We won’t have to go to school tomorrow.
我们明天不必去上学了。
Does she have to finish all the work today?
她今天一定要把全部工作做完吗?
<3>辨析:have to 与must
在表示“必须”这个含义时,have to 和must很接近,只是must较强调主观看法,have to 较强调客观
需要。如果是用于指现在,两者很多时候是可以替换的。不过,have to 应用的更为广泛,尤其是在口语
中。另外,have to 可用于多种时态,而must只能用于一般现在时。例如:
I have to go home early this afternoon.
我今天下午得早回家。(强调客观原因)
We must clean our classroom every day.
我们必须每天打扫教室。(强调主观看法)
He will have to finish the work before 10:00 today.
他今天10点前必须做完这项工作。
My brother had to work last night.
我弟弟昨天晚上不得不去上班。
Reading
11. I hope you can provide me with some information about the kinds of
vacations that your
firm can offer.
我希望你能向我提供一些信息,就是有关你们公司所提供的一些度假种类。
(1)本句句子较长,要能正确地理解句意,就要正确地区分里面的从句。I hope 后是一个很大的宾语
从句,这个宾语从句中又包括了“that your firm can offer”这个定语从句。能搞清整个句子的结构,对
于句子意思的理解有很大的帮助。
(2)句中的provide是动词,意为“供给……,供应……,提供……”等,其常见用法如下:
<1>provide后面接宾语,宾语可由名词或代词充当。例如:
Sheep provide wool.
羊提供羊毛。
The school will provide tents, but we must bring our own food.
学校会提供帐篷,但我们必须自己带食物。
<2>provide +名+for名(人)=provide +名(人)+with名,意思是“供给(某人)……”。
例如:
They provided food and clothes for the sufferers.
= They provided the sufferers with food and clothes.
他们向受难者提供食物和衣服。
Please provide us with some information about shopping online.
请向我们提供一些有关网上购物的信息。
(3)句中的offer也是动词,意思是“提供……,建议”等。其主要用法如下:
<1>offer+名词。例如:
They offered a new proposal.
他们提出了新的提案。
He wants to offer a bribe to the headmaster.
他想向校长行贿。
<2>offer+(名)人+名=offer+名+to名(人),表示“对(某人)提供……”。例如:
He offered his help to me.
他表示愿助我一臂之力。
She offered him a cup of tea.
她给他一杯茶。
He offered me a better position.
= I was offered a better position by him.
= A better position was offered (to)me by him.
他提供给我更好的职位。
<3>offer + to do. 例如:
He offered to help us.
他表示愿意帮助我们。
He offered to play soccer with us on Sunday.
他表示星期天愿意和我们一起踢足球。
10. What else can you tell me?
你还能告诉我一些别的吗?
本句中的形容词else修饰what作后置定语。
辨析:else 与other
else与other都可作形容词,表示“别的”,“其他的”,但用法却大不相同。else只用于修饰不定代
词,疑问代词和疑问副词,并且必须要位于这些修饰词之后,作后置定语;而other用来修饰名词,其位置
与else正好相反,它位于被修饰的名词之前。请注意体会比较下面各句:
“Do you have anything else to say? ”“Nothing else. ”
“你还有别的什么要说的吗?”“没什么别的了。”
What else can you see in the picture?
在图画中,你还能看到别的什么吗?
Where else did you go in the summer vacation?
暑假里你还去了别的什么地方吗?
There must be somebody else in the classroom.
教室里肯定还有别的人。
The other students are drawing by the lake.
别的学生都在湖边画画。
I remember I have read the story in some other book.
我记得我在别的书上看过这个故事。
9.So unless you speak French yourself ,It’s best to travel with someone who can translate things for you.
所以除非你本人说法语,最好和一个能替你翻译法语的人一起来巴黎旅游.
Unless 除非……,引导条件状语从句.比 “if…not”略微正式.
Section b
8.Traveling around Paris by taxi can cost a lot of money.
乘出租车游巴黎会花掉一大笔钱.
Cost指东西值多少钱.主语一般是所买的东西等名词.
Take, spend, cost区别:
Spend 主语是人,take 主语是物或是IT做形式主语,cost 主语是物。
1)spend的主语必须是“人”,宾语可以是钱,精力,时间等,其后用on(for)+名词或用in(可省略)+动名词形式,不接不定式。如: He spent a lot of money for his new car. 他花了很多钱买了这辆新车。 He spends much money on books. 他平时将很多钱用在买书上。 Mr Li spends a lot of time(in)helping his students with their English. 李老师花很多时间帮助他的学生学英语。 2)take可用于表示花时间、金钱、勇气等。如: It took the workers three years to build the bridge. 建这座桥花了工人们三年的时间。 (句中的it是一个形式主语,其后的不定式短语才是真正的主语。) Repairing the bike took me half a day. 修这辆自行车花了我半天的时间。 3)cost可用于表示花时间和金钱,其主语一般是“物”或“事”,表示“费用”、“耗费”。如: The book cost him one dollar.这本书用了他一美元。 Homework costs the children much time. 家庭作业要花孩子们许多时间。 注意:cost与表示时间的词连用时,不能与具体时间长度连用,只能与表示抽象概念的时间短语(如some time, much time等)连用。
7.Paris is the capital of France, and is one of the liveliest cities in Europe.
巴黎是法国的首都,并且是欧洲最美丽的城市之一.
One of+最高级+名词复数意为 “最……的之一”
Beijing is one of the most beautiful cities in the world.
6. For your next vacation, why not consider visiting Paris?
为什么不考虑一下到新加坡去度你的下一个假期?
(1)why not …? = why don’t you…? 意思是“你为什么不……,你……怎么样?”用于表示提
议、劝诱等,“why not…?”结构中,not后接动词原形。例如:
Why don’t you introduce your friend to your parents?
= Why not introduce your friend to your parents?
你为什么不介绍你的朋友给你父母认识呢?
Why not come and see me tomorrow?
= Why don’t you come and see me tomorrow?
明天来找我怎么样?
(2)consider是动词,意为“仔细考虑,深思熟虑,再三考虑”,后面可接名词,从句,副词,接动
词时要用v-ing形式。例如:
We considered his suggestion.
我们仔细考虑了他的建议。
He is considering studying abroad.
他正在考虑出国留学。(不可用to study代替studying)
We considered how we should help them.
我们仔细考虑应该如何帮助他们。
Consider carefully before you decide.
你要慎重考虑后再决定。
(3)句中的visit是动词,visit还可作名词。
<1>visit作动词时,既可作及物动词,也可作不及物动词,表示“访问,拜访,探望”。例如:
I’m going to visit my uncle tomorrow.
我打算明天去看望我叔叔。
The president visited five countries in Europe.
总统在欧洲访问了五个国家。
They often visited me while I was in hospital.
我住院期间他们经常来看望我。
The old man doesn’t live in this city, he is only visiting.
他不住在这个城市,他只是来观光的。
<2>visit作名词时,意为“访问,参观,观光”。后接介词to短语时,表示“在某处的访问(观光)
”。例如:
Chairman Hu is on a visit to America.
胡主席正在美国访问。
This is my first visit to Sweden.
这是我第一次到瑞典游览。
We made frequent visits to the lake.
我们时常去看那个湖。
湖北省互联网违法和不良信息举报平台 | 网上有害信息举报专区 | 电信诈骗举报专区 | 涉历史虚无主义有害信息举报专区 | 涉企侵权举报专区
违法和不良信息举报电话:027-86699610 举报邮箱:58377363@163.com