8. 定冠词的用法
定冠词the用来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。 1)特指双方都明白的人或物: Take the medicine. 把药吃了。 2)上文提到过的人或事: He bought a house. I've been to the house. 他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。 3)指世上独一物二的事物: the sun, the sky, the moon, the earth 4)单数名词连用表示一类事物,如:the dollar 美元; the fox 狐狸;或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:the rich 富人; the living 生者。 5)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词only, very, same等前面: Where do you live? I live on the second floor. 你住在哪?我住在二层。 That's the very thing I've been looking for. 那正是我要找的东西。 6)与复数名词连用,指整个群体: They are the teachers of this school.指全体教师) They are teachers of this school. (指部分教师) 7)表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前: She caught me by the arm.. 她抓住了我的手臂。 8)用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前: the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国 the United States 美国 9)用在表示乐器的名词之前: She plays the piano. 她会弹钢琴。 10) 用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人: the Greens 格林一家人 (或格林夫妇) 11) 用在惯用语中: in the day, in the morning (afternoon,evening), the day after tomorrow the day before yesterday, the next morning, in the sky (water,field,country) in the dark, in the rain, in the distance, in the middle (of), in the end, on the whole, by the way,
7. 物主代词小结
物主代词表示物主即人或物的所属关系。它分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词后须接名词,才能用在句中,而名词性物主代词可直接用在句子中。
注意:
①形容词性物主代词相当于一个形容词,在句中作定语用,后面一定要接名词。
e.g. This is my pen. 这是我的钢笔。
②名词性物主代词相当于一个名词,在句中作主语、表语,能单独使用。
e.g. Yours is new. This old bag is mine.
你的书包是新的,这个旧书包是我的。
③名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词之间的关系:
名词性物主代词 =相应的形容词性物主代词+名词。如:
This is my bike. That is yours. (yours= your bike)
6.选择疑问句
选择疑问句由“一般疑问句+or+选项”构成,如果有多个选项,则前几项间用逗号相隔,最后一项前用or连接,or意思为“或者,还是”
Do you like to go fishing,boating,swimming or shopping?
[注意]选择疑问句的答语不用“Yes”或“No ”,其回答为几种情况。如,
Would you like coffee or tea? Coffee/ Tea, please.或 Both, please. (都要)或 Neither(都不要)或Either is OK.(什么都行)
有特殊疑问句加选项构成的选择疑问句。
Who is taller, Ling Fang or Lin Ping? Lin Ping is taller.
4.as…as…….与….一样,表示两个人或事物在某一方面程度相同时,用“as+形容词或副词原形+as”的句型,其中第一个as是副词,修饰后面的形容词或副词,而第二个as是连词,连接比较状语从句,从句中与主句相同的部分往往省略。如
His drawing is as good as mine.
Frank runs as fast as Sam.
[注意]as..as..的否定句是not as…as…或not so …as…表示某人或某物在某一方面不及其他人或物。
Liu Ying isn’t as/so smart as Liu Yang.
Pedro doesn’t jump as/so high as Paul.
5It is +adj.+ for sb.+ to do sth.对某人来说做某事是。。。的,句子的真正主语是后面的不定式短语。如果后面没有不定式短语,则本句是一个“主语+系动词+表语+其他“的简单句。It is relaxing for me to have a shower..
3.look the same, look like
look the same意思为“看上去很象;看上去一样”如,Although they are sisters, they don’t look the same.虽然他们是姐妹,但他们看起来不相象。
look like意思为“看上去像”,后面要接名词或代词意思才能表达完整。如They look like each other.。
2.Both用法
a) both单独作主语时其谓语动词用复数形式。如,Both are intellectual.
b) both of后接名词,代词的复数形式,接名词时须与定冠词the或形容词性物主代词my, his, her等词连用。Both of us are doctors.
c) both还可以作形容词,意思为“二者;两者都”. Both her eyes are red.
d) Both的否定属部分否定,意思为“并非两者都。。。”,全部否定用either…or或neither表示。Both of us are not good at English.我们两个不都擅长英语。
Either of us is not good at English.=Neither of us is good at English.我们两个都不擅长英语。
e) both…and…。。。。和。。。都,即。。。又。。。。both…and..一般连接对等的词,短语或从句,本短语可相当于not only…but also,其反义词组为neither…nor…(….和…都不…).
1.形容词比较,最高等级的规则形式
构成法 单音节词末尾加-er和-est |
原级 great clever |
比较级 greater cleverer |
最高级 greatest cleverest |
2. 单音节词以-e结尾,只加-r和-st |
brave fine |
braver finer |
bravest finest |
3.闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写这个辅音字母再加-er和-est |
big hot |
bigger hotter |
biggest hottest |
4.以辅音字母加y ,先变y 为i ,再加-er和-est |
happy |
happier |
happiest |
5.其他双音节和多音节在前面加more 和most |
difficult |
more difficult |
most difficult |
.形容词比较等级的不规则形式
比较级与of the two连用时,在比较极前加the,如
I am the taller of the two.两个人中我的个子比较高。
[注意]修饰比较级的词有even, still, far, a lot, much, a little。但very, too, so , quite, rather,nice等词修饰原级。
13.House, home, family
House住宅;指居住的房屋,强调住所;family家,家庭,家里的人。不是指住房和处所,强调家人;home家。指同家人共同生活的地方,不一定含有建筑物的意思,可以在船上,窑洞或帐篷里组织家庭,特别强调家里的氛围和环境。Home还是一个带有感情色彩的词。
◆ unit6 I’m more outgoing than my sister.
目标语言:talk about personal traits and compare people
重点句型:Tom is funnier than Paul.
Tina is taller than Tara.
Tom is more athletic than Sam.
Is Tom smarter than Sam?
Liu Li has more than one sister.
Liu Ying is not as good at sports as her sister.
My friend is the same as me.
For me, a good friend likes to do the same things as me.
What does he look like ?
He is short / tall / thin / heavy / beautiful / athletic /fit
He has short /curly hair /medium build /height
What is he like ?
He is outgoing /easygoing /naughty
He is a wild /calm /serious smart /funny boy.
He is talented /outstanding /famous /creative/unusual /kind….
Is that Sam ?
No, that’s Tom.He has shorter hair than Sam
and he’s calmer than Sam .
He is more athletic than me.
As you can see, In some ways we look the same and in some ways
We look different.
My friend is the same as me.
A friend likes to do the same thing as me .
I like to have friends who are different from me .
We both like doing the same things.
重点词组:photos of, as you can see, in some ways, look different, more than, in common, as..as, the same as, between …and…, make sb laugh, do the same things as me, be different from, ask sb to do,
知识点:
12.whole,all
Whole与all作为形容词,都有“整个的,完全的”意思,但用法略有不同。 与复数名词连用时,whole强调“整个的”,all表示“所有的”
All和whole在句子中的位置不同,all放在限定词之前,whole放在限定词之后。如
all the time the whole time全部的时间
11.英语中多个时间的排列顺序
a) 通常情况下,如果同一个句子中有年,月,日,星期,其排列顺序一般是星期,月,日,年。如,He was born on Friday January sixth 1990.
b) 假若在句末同时出现几个时间状语,通常按表示时间的确切程度排列,即确切的时间在前,较笼统的时间在后,或者说表示较短的时间在前,表示较长的时间放在后。如I saw the film on Tuesday evening last week.
c) 如果认为表示时间较长的那个状语更为重要,较短的时间单位仅是一种追想和补述,也可以把表示时间较长的状语放在较短的时间之前。如
We arrived yesterday afternoon, about five o’clock.
d) 有时为了加强语气,突出重点或进行对比,可以把表示一段时间的状语放在句首。注意不能不表示某一点的时间孤立地放在句首。但当表示“某一点”和“一段”时间结合在一起连用时,它们可以位于句首。
Yesterday I met her friend at three o’clock in the street.
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