2. 如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加 's,如:Children's Day。
名词所有格,用来表示人或物的所有,以及领属关系。
1. 表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加 's,其复数形式是s',例如:a student's room, students' rooms, father's shoes。
2.不可数名词“量”的表示方法
在英语中,不可数名词如果要表示“量”的概念,可以用以下两种方法:
(1)用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少,例如:
The rich man has a lot of money. There is some milk in the bottle. Is there any water in the glass? I don't like winter because there's too much snow and ice.
(2)用a piece of 这类定语,例如:
a piece of paper a piece of wood a piece of bread
a bottle of orange a glass of water(milk) a cup of tea
a cup of tea a bag of rice three bags of rice 如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时,在容器后加复数,例如: two cups of tea four pieces of paper three glasses of water
不可数名词也可用a lot of, lots of, some, any, much等来修饰。
1.单数和复数
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”构成,其主要变法如下:
(1)一般情况在词尾加-s,例如:book→ books,girl→ girls,boy→ boys,pen→ pens, doctor→ doctors。
(2)以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词加-es,例如:bus→buses,class→classes,box→boxes,watch→watches,brush→brushes。
(3)以ce, se, ze,(d)ge结尾的名词加s,例如:orange-oranges。
(4)以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es,例如:city→cities, factory→factories, country→countries, family→families。但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s,如:boy→boys, day→days。
(5)以o结尾的词多数都加-es。例如:hero→heroes,potato→potatoes,tomato→tomatoes,但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。例如:zoo→zoos,radio→radios,还有某些外来词也只加-s,例如:photo→photos,piano→pianos。
(6)以f或fe结尾的词,多数变f为v再加-es,例如:knife→knives,leaf→leaves, half→halves。
复数词尾s(或es)的读音方法如下表所示。
复数词尾s(或es)的读音方法
情 况 |
读法 |
例 词 |
在[p][t][k][f]等清辅音后 |
[s] |
cups,
hats, cakes |
在[s][z][t][][F]等音后 |
[iz] |
glasses,
pages, oranges, buses, watches,faces |
在[b][d][][v]等浊辅音后 |
[z] |
beds,
dogs, cities, knives |
(7)少数名词有不规则的复数形式,例如:man→men,woman→women,tooth→teeth,foot→feet,child→children,mouse→mice。
[注意]与man和woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men和-women。例如:an Englishman,two Englishmen。但German不是合成词,故复数形式为 Germans;man, woman等作定语时,它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定,如:men workers, women teachers。
有个别名词单复数一样,例如:Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish等。但当fish表示不同种类的鱼时,可以加复数词尾。
(8)单数形式但其意为复数的名词有:people, police等。
(9)数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符。例如:ten-minutes’ walk, an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk。
(10)还有些名词仅有复数形式,如:trousers,clothes,chopsticks,glasses,goods,ashes,scissors,compasses。
(11)只用作单数的复数形式的名词有:
科学名词:physics, mathematics/maths 游戏名称:bowls 专有名词:the United States, Niagara Falls 其他名词:news, falls
10. Be careful! It’s d__________ to run across the street now.
[练习答案]
9. Health is more important to me than m_______.
8. It’s only about an h_____ flight from Qingdao to Beijing by air.
7. At the a______ of seven, the lonely girl had to work to make living.
6. Zhang Hui is very excited. He will go to Japan with his p_______ during the Spring Festival.
5. A computer is one of the greatest i_________ in the world.
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