2.某些不及物动词与介词.副词搭配构成短语动词,带有宾语时,则有了动作的承受者,这时应把它们看作一个整体,变为被动语态,不能丢掉其中的介词,常用的有look after,take care of,cut down, laugh at,talk about,turn on等 eg.Catherine always takes care of the little girl.→The little girl is always taken care of by Carherine.　　　

结构:1.行为动词的被动语态: 助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词.

be有人称.时态.数的变化,其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样.

　一般现在时 am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词　　　 一般过去时 was/were +及物动词的过去分词

一般将来时 will +be +及物动词的过去分词　 现在完成时 have/has+been+及物动词的过去分词　　　　　　

2.情态动词的被动语态: 情态动词 + be +及物动词的过去分词

　否定式:是在助动词 be 或情态动词后加not构成

疑问式:是把上述助动词或情态动词提到主语之前,句尾加问号构成.　　　　　　

用法: 1.不知道动作的执行者是谁,或没有必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者.

　eg. The window was broken yesterday.　 Is English taught in your school?　　　　　 2.强调或突出动作的承受者,此时如想同时指出动作的执行者,可用“by +动作执行者(宾格)来表示.

　eg.The red dress was made by her mother. The letter must be written by me.

　　 注 意点：　 1.只有及物动词能构成被动语态, 不及物动词不能构成被动语态.　　　　　　　　　　

6.The baby will cry if she ___ (not see) her mother

动词的语态

动词的语态---表示谓语与主语之间的关系的动词形式叫做语态，分为主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者

5.____they____ (know) each other when they were young?　　　　　　　　　

4.--Where ___ you___ (be)?　 --I'm looking for you all the time.　

3.I'm afraid I ___ (keep) you waiting for such a long time.　　　　　　　　

2.Who's Jack London? I ___ never ____ (hear) of that man before.　　　　　　　　

4.时间或条件状语从句中,若主句是一般将来时或祈使句,从句要用一般现在时代替将来时.

　 eg.Stop talking when the headteacher ______(walk)into the classroom.

　 Jim won't watch TV until he ___ (finish) his homework every time.　　　　　　

　 练习题：　 1.They were so pleased to see each other that they almost ____ (forget) everything else around.　　 2. The girl put on her dress and then _______ (go) to the mirror to look at herself.　

思考题：　 1.I____(leave)my ruler at home. Can I use yours?　　　　　　　

2.主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时态,从句中的谓语动词一般情况下要用过去时态的某种形式.　　 He said that he was working hard on his Chinese.

he had a very good journey home.　　 he hadn't bought the present yet.

he would stop in Moscow on the way. 3.如果从句所述内容是客观真理,则谓语动词总是用一般现在时,而不受主句中谓语动词时态的影响.

eg. Miss Gao told us that light travels much faster than sound.　　　　　　　

1.主句中谓语动词如果是现在时或将来时,从句中的谓语动词可以用任何所需要的时态,　 he wants to speak to the headmaster.　 He said that he won't be free tomorrow.　　 he came last night.