2．He has worked here since 1998. 他从1998年一直在这里工作。

　 此句说明工作这一动作从1998 年持续至今。

He started to work here in1998. 他1998 年开始在这里工作。

虽然现在完成时的动作和一般过去时一样都发生在过去，但它强调的是动作对现在的影响。而一般过去时强调的是动作发生在过去的某一具体时间。

现在我们再注意一下since 和for的用法：

for的后面接一段时间：

I have lived in Beijing for about 12 years. 我在北京已经生活了大约12年了。

since后面接点时间：

I have lived in Beijing since 1994. 我从1994年就一直住在北京 。

同学们从以上两个句子中可以看出其实它们是不同的方式表达了同一个意思。值得注意的是这两个句子动词必须是持续性动词。如：

He has already borrowed that book. 他已经买了那本书。

He has had it for two weeks.他买那本书已经有两周的时间了。

1．Have you packed the beach towels yet? 你把沙滩巾打包进去了吗？

　　 大家知道此句用的是现在完成时。副词yet常用于现在完成时的疑问句和否定句中，而在肯定句中则用already,如：

　 I have already packed the beach towels. 我已经把沙滩巾打包进去了。

　 除此之外just, ever, never等词也常常用在现在完成时态的句子中。

Restaurant Science

Restaurant owners have to know how to make food. They ___1___ have to know how to make money. Here are some things they’ve learned from ___2___ studies. The color red ___3___ people hungry. Red also makes customers ___4___ faster. Many fast food restaurants, ___5___, have red furniture or walls. Soft colors like pink and light blue make people ___6___, so they spend more time ___7___ their meals. Soft lighting makes people look good, but it makes food look bad. Loud music may be nice ___8___, but it soon makes people want to leave. Hard seats also make customers want to eat quickly and leave. Many restaurants, especially fast food restaurants, use this knowledge to make customers eat faster. Customers only sit for about 20 minutes ___9___ they leave. Because customers don’t stay very long, small restaurants can ___10___ many people every day.

1.(　 ) A. too　　 　　　　　　 B. must　 　　　　　 C. also　 　　　　　　　 D. real

2.(　 ) A. science　 　　　　 B. scientific　 　　　 C. scientist　 　　　　　 D. scientists

3.(　 ) A. make　 　　　　　　 B. made　　　　　　　 C. making　 　　　　　 D. makes

4.(　 ) A. eat　 　　　　　　　　 B. eating 　　　　　　 C. have eat　 　　　　　 D. to eat

5.(　 ) A. but　 　　　　　　　 B. therefore　 　　　 C. or 　　　　　　　　　　 D. because

6.(　 ) A. stressed out　 　　 B. tense　 　　　　　 C. energetic 　　　　　 D. relaxed

7.(　 ) A. in eat　 　　　　　　 B. eating　 　　　　　 C. to eat　 　　　　　　 D. eat

8.(　 ) A. at last 　　　　　　 B. immediately 　　 C. at first 　　　　　　　 D. in the end

9.(　 ) A. while　 　　　　　　 B. after　 　　　　　　 C. as　 　　　　　　　　　　 D. before

10.(　 ) A. confuse　 　　　 B. serve　 　　　　　　 C. lead 　　　　　　　　　 D. help

　 1. 她说响亮的音乐让她紧张。

　　 She said that ______ music _______ her ______.

　 2. 我买这台电脑刚好花了7000元人民币。

　　 I _____ 7000 yuan RMB _______ this computer.

　 3. 他说的话让我感觉难过，但我还是假装什么也没有听到。

　　 What he said made me ______, but I _______ hear ______.

　 4. 他邀请我吃午饭。

　　 He ________ me _______ lunch.

　 5. 许多广告都瞄准了十几岁的孩子们和女士们。

　　 Many ads ____ _______ teenagers and women.

5. Our teacher told us that the moon ______(move)around the earth.

4. I’m afraid it will be _______ tomorrow. (rain)

3. The Rolls Royce costs as _______ as 353, 590 dollars. (many)

2. Students of physics will find the book very ______. (use)