气象资源是自然资源的重要组成部分，随着科学技术的发展，气象资源的开发利用变得越来越重要，世界上许多国家十分注重把气象资源与经济和军事活动的决策结合起来。据此回答6-8题。

6．1944年8月1日，日本在其东部海滨的一个秘密军事基地，利用1万米高空的稳定气流向美国放飞了气球炸弹。气球炸弹越过的大洋应该是　(　)

A．大西洋　　 　 　　　　 B．太平洋　 　　　　　　　 C．印度洋　 　　　　　　　 D．北冰洋

7．上题中1万米高空的气流的流向应是　(　)

A．东风 　 　　　　　　　　 B．南风 　 　　　　　　　　　 C．西风　　 　　　　　　　 D．北风

8．从我国天津开往加拿大温哥华的船只，传统的航线是走低纬度的地区，而不选择北太平洋暖流附近航行的主要原因是　(　)

A．走北太平洋暖流附近航线长　　　 　　 B．走北太平洋暖流附近雾多、浪大，航行不安全

C．走北太平洋暖流附近逆着洋流　 　　　 D．走北太平洋暖流附近逆着盛行风

图2为“自然资源与人类活动的关系图”，读图完成4-5题

4．图示虚线方框展现了人类与自然资源之间存在的激烈矛盾，其外在的表现主要是　(　)

A．资源的破坏与短缺 　B．促进经济迅猛发展

C．新材料应运而生　　 　D．资源利用范围越来越广

5．人类对自然资源无节制地开发利用主要是因为　(　)

A．自然资源都属于可再生资源　　　　　　　　　　　 B．人类可以无限开发利用自然资源

C．人口剧增和错误的认识　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D．人类利用自然资源种类不断增多

读“我国特大、较大型山崩、滑坡和泥石流分布直方图” (图1)，回答1-3题

1．我国六大区中，出现特大、较大型山崩、滑坡和泥石流最多的地区是　(　)

A．西北地区　　　 　 B．西南地区

C．中南地区　　　 　　 D．华东地区

2．六大区域中发生山崩、滑坡和泥石流最少的地区的地形为　(　)

A．山地　　 　　　　　　　 B．丘陵

C．平原　　 　　　　　　　 D．高原

3．针对这种自然灾害的措施是　(　)

A．植树造林　　　　 B．开垦梯田　　　　　　　 C．增加城市建设　 　 D．减少降水

5. 过去分词和–ing分词作定语的区别： 过去分词作定语和-ing分词作定语有一定的区别。试比较下面几组短语： boiled water开水 boiling water正沸腾的水 developed countries发展的国家 developing countries发展中国家 fallen leaves落叶 falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子 changed condition改变了的情况 changing condition变化着的情况

由此可见，过去分词作定语通常表示完成的或被动的动作；而-ing分词作定语可以表示正在进行的主动的动作。 三、提高练习 1. I’m going to have my car ________ . A. to be fixed B. to fix C. fixed D. to fix 2. What’s the language ______ in Germany? A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak 3. ______ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army. A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. having been followed by 4. He had his leg _______ in the match yesterday. A. to break B. broken C. break D. breaking 5. Most of the people _______ to the party were famous scientists. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting 6. ________ more attention, the trees could have grown better. A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given 7. The murderer was brought in, with his hands _________ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 8. The computer center, _______ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened 9. ________ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose 10. The Olympic Games, _________ in 776BC, didn’t include women players until 1912. A. first played B. to be first played C. first playing D. to be first played 11. Don’t get _________ in the rain. A. to be caught B. catching C. to catch D. caught 12. I found a car _________ in a pool by the side of the road. A. to be stuck B. stuck C. sticking D. stick 13. ---By the way, when did you get your bedroom _______ ? ---Last week. A. to paint B. painted C. painting D. to be painted 14. The children were found _________ in the cave. A. trapping B. trapped C. to be trapped D. be trapped 15. They found a ______ old woman _______ on the ground when the door was broken down. A. dying, lying B. dead, lied C. death, laying D. died, lain 16. On a _____ morning the little girl was found _______ at the corner of the street. A. freezing, freezing B. freezing, frozen C. frozen, frozen D. frozen, freezing 17. No one enjoys ______ fun of in public. A. making B. being made C. to be made D. to make 18. Before he came to London, he had never heard a single English word _____. A. speaking B. spoken C. to be spoken D. speak 19. ______ from space, the earth, with water _______ seventy percent of its surface, looks like a blue ball. A. Seen, covered B. Seen, covering C. Seeing, covering D. Seeing, covered 20. An _________ crowd is awaiting the arrival of the film star. A. excited B. exciting C. excite D. excitedly

1---5 C B B B A 6---10 A D D C A 11-15 D B B B A 16---20 B B B B A

4. 过去分词和–ing分词作表语的区别： 过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态或感受，而-ing分词作表语多表示主语所具有的特征，如： Hearing the news, we felt very surprised. 听到那个消息，我们感到很惊讶 The news is very surprising. 这个消息很令人惊讶。 They were frightened to hear the frightening sound. 他们听到那可怕的声音很害怕。 At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were moved to tears. 看到这么动人的情景，所有在场的人都感动得流下了眼泪。 英语中这样的分词还有很多，如：amusing, amused; encouraging, encouraged; disappointing, disappointed; exciting, excited; puzzling, puzzled; satisfying, satisfied; worrying, worried; tiring, tired; pleasing, pleased; interesting, interested; astonishing, astonished等。

3. 非谓语动词的被动式作定语的三种形式： the bridge to be built 将要建造的桥 (表示将来的动作) the bridge being built 正在建造的桥 (表示正在进行的动作) the bridge built 造好的桥 (表示完成的动作)

2. 动词have后所接的三种宾语补语： have somebody/something do something 不定式作补语必须省去to, 不定式动作由宾语发出，表示一次性的动作。如： I had the workers do the job for me. 我让工人们替我完成了工作。 Jim often has his father help him with his homework. 吉姆经常让他的父亲帮助做家庭作业。 have somebody /something doing something -ing分词作补语，分词动作也由宾语发出，强调动作的延续或正在进行。如： They had the tractor working all the time. 他们让拖拉机一直工作着。 We won’t have the child talking to his mother like that. 我们不能让那个孩子那样对他的妈妈说话。 have somebody/something done 过去分词作补语，宾语和补足语之间有逻辑上的被动关系，通常有两种情况： ①主语让别人做某事，强调主语的意志。如： He had his hair cut yesterday. 他昨天理发了。 Later on the center had a great many new trees planted.后来，这个中心让人种了很多树。 ②主语遭到某种不幸或陷入恶劣的环境，说明宾语的一种无意识的被动行为。如： He had his leg broken in the match last month.他在上星期的比赛中摔断了腿。 He had one eye lost in the war. 在战争中，他失去了一只眼睛。

1. 分词的定义 动词的-ed分词即过去分词，是由动词的过去分词构成，一般只有一种形式。 　　　　　　　　　　2. 过去分词的语法作用： 过去分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词，在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。 1) 过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。如： Don’t touch the glass because it is broken. 不要碰那个杯子，它是坏的。 He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜欢那礼服的式样。 2) 过去分词做定语： 单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面，相当于一个定语从句。如： The excited people rushed into the building. 激动的人们奔进了大楼。 We need more qualified teachers. 我们需要更多合格的教师。 过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面，相当于一个定语从句。如： Is there anything planned for tomorrow? 明天有什么活动吗？ The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。 过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。如： The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.这些书是鲁迅写的，受到了许多中国人民的喜爱。 The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. 这次会议获得很大的成功，共有一千个学生出席了。 3) 过去分词做状语： 过去分词和-ing分词作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。 ①表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。如： Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. 从山顶上看，这个城市就像一个大花园。 Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party. 入党以后，他决定献身于党的事业。 ②表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。如： Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other. 激动的人们被那个故事深深地感动了，停止了争吵。 Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle. 受到了讲演的鼓舞，年轻人决定起来从事斗争。 ③表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用if等词。如： Given another chance, he will do better.再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。 Compared with your brother, you should make greater efforts to study English. 和你哥哥相比，你应该更加努力学习英语。 If heated, water can be turned into steam. 水如果被加热，会变成水蒸气。 ④表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。如： Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber. 尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。 Laughed at by many people, he continued his study. 尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。 ⑤表方式或伴随情况。如： The old man went into the room, supported by his wife.那个老人在他的妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。 Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job. 我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题。 4) 过去分词作补足语： 过去分词可以在see, hear, notice, watch, find, get, have, feel, make, leave, keep等词后与一名词或代词构成复合宾语，用作宾语补语。如： When will you go to the hospital and have your tooth examined? 你什么时候去医院检查你的牙齿？ When you are making a speech, you should speak louder to make yourself heard. 当你在作报告时，你应该讲响一点使自己被人听清。 当这类句子变成被动语态时，过去分词用作主语补语。如： One of the glasses was found broken. 有人发现其中一个杯子破了。 They should be kept informed of the situation there. 应该让他们知道那儿的形势。 二、特别提醒 1. 过去分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般必须和句子的主语相一致。如： When asked why he came here, the boy kept silent.当那个男孩被问到为何来这里时，他沉默不语。 Born and brought up in the countryside, he was interested in biology. 由于在农村出生并长大，他对生物很感兴趣。 如果过去分词的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致，必须使用过去分词的独立主格结构。

4．词常表示发生在谓语之前而及物动词的过去分词则可以指发生在谓语之前或与谓语同时的状态。

例如：1).fallen leaves/a burnt-out match

　　　 2).The thief was brought in,with his hands tied behind.

　 若非谓语形式正确而词义仍不同者则需从句义来考虑。　　　　　

非谓语动词的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或在其后发生，非谓语动词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。　 1.动词不定式　 例1：A　lot　of　young　people　are　learning　to　drive　cars.　(同时发生)　 例2：All　of　us　expected　to　discover　a　new　oil　field.　(非谓语动词动作发生在后)　 例3：He　is　said　to　have　studied　English　for　three　years.　(非谓语动词动作发生在前)　 注：动词不定式的完成式有时用在intended,　expected,　meant,　were　to,　was　to等过去式的动词后面，表示未实现的行为。例如：　 1)I　meant　to　have　sent　the　book　to　you　by　mail.　(我本想把这本书邮寄给你的。)　 2)He　was　to　have　been　the　new　ambassador,　but　he　fell　ill.　(他原是要任新大使的，但是他病了。)　 2.动名词　 例1：I　am　thinking　of　getting　a　new　dictionary.　(非谓语动词动作发生在后)　 例2：We　enjoy　watching　colour　TV.　(与谓语动词动作同时)　 例3：He　forgot　having　promised　to　write　things　for　us.　(非谓语动词动作发生在前。)　 3.分词　 例1：Singing　a　song,　he　came　into　the　room.　(非谓语动词动作与谓语动词动作同时发生)　 例2：Having　written　his　composition,　he　went　to　have　a　heart　to　heart　talk　with　Wang.　(非谓语动词动作发生在前)　 非谓语动词的比较　 1.动名词和动词不定式在用法上的比较　 (1)一般说来动名词所表示的动作在意义上是比较抽象的、一般的，时间概念不强，不是指某一次的动作；而动词不定式所表示的动作则往往是具体的一次行为。例如：　 1)I　like　swimming,　but　I　don’t　like　to　swim　today.　 2)　They　prefer　staying　indoors　when　the　weather　is　cold.　 3)　Would　you　prefer　to　stay　at　home　this　evening?　 (2)动词不定式的逻辑主语，常常是句子的主语或句中的某个词；而动名词的逻辑主语可能是句子主语或句中某个词，也可能是泛指一般人物，在句子里是找不着的。例如：　 1)I　hate　to　be　sitting　idle.　(我不想闲坐着。)(指自己)　 2)I　hate　saying　nothing　at　a　meeting　but　gossiping　afterwards.　(我不喜欢开会不说会后乱说。)(可能指自己，也可能泛指一般人)　 (3)有些词后既可接动名词亦...

1不定式作宾语 1) 动词+ 不定式　 afford　 aim　 appear　agree　 arrange　ask　　be　　 decide　bother　care　choose　 come　　 dare　 demand　desire　determine　　 expect　　elect　endeavor　　　hope　　　　fail　 happen　 help　hesitate　learn　 long　　mean　 manage　 offer　 ought　 plan　prepare　pretend　 promise　refuse　seem　 tend　 wait　　 wish　　 undertake　 　The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。 　I happen to know the answer to your question. 我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。 2)动词+不定式 ；　动词+宾语+不定式 ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish… 　　I like to keep everything tidy.　我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。 　　I like you to keep everything tidy.　我喜欢你年使每件东西都保持整洁。 　　I want to speak to Tom.　 我想和汤姆谈话。 　　I want you to speak to Tom.　 我想让你和汤姆谈话。 3) 动词+疑问词+ to　 decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell 　Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。 　There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。 注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。 　The question is how to put it into practice.　 问题是怎样把它付诸实施。 2 不定式作补语　 1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do) advise　 allow　 appoint　 believe　 cause　 challenge　command　 compel　　consider　 declare　 drive　　enable　encourage　 find　　 forbid　 force　　guess　 hire　　imagine　impel　　induce　 inform　instruct　invite　 judge　　 know　　 like　　order　　 permit　persuade　 remind　 report　request　 require　select　send　　 state　 suppose　 tell　　 think　 train　　trust　 understand　urge　　 warn　 　 a.　Father will not allow us to play on the street.　 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。 　 b.　We believe him to be guilty.　 我们相信他是有罪的。 Find 的特殊用法：　 　Find 后可用分词做宾补，或先加形式宾语，再加形容词，最后加带to 的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有get，have。 　I found him lying on the ground.　 　I found it important to learn.　 　

I found that to learn English is important. 　The next morning she found the man ___ in bed，dead.　 A. lying　 B. lie　C. lay　D. laying　 答案：A.find的宾语后面，用分词或分词短语，起宾语补足语作用。现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。 2) to + be 的不定式结构，作补语的动词。 Acknowledge,　believe,　consider,　think,　declare(声称),　discover, fancy(设想),　feel　 find,　guess, judge ,imagine, know,　prove, see(理解), show ,suppose, take(以为),　 understand　 　 We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class. 　 我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。 　 Charles Babbage is generally considered　___ the first computer.　 A. to invent　B. inventing　 C. to have invented　 D. having invented　 答案：A. 由consider to do sth. 排除B、D。. 此句只说明发明这一个事实，不定式后用原形即可。而C为现在完成时，发明为点动词一般不用完成时，且此处也不强调对现在的影响，因此不选C。 3) to be +形容词 Seem,　　 appear,　　be said,　be supposed,　 be believed,　be thought,　be known,　 be reported,　hope, wish,　 desire,　　want,　　 plan,　 expect,　　 mean… 　The book is believed to be uninteresting. 人们认为这本书没什么意思。 4)　there be+不定式 believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand 　We didn't expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在哪里。 注意 ： 有些动词需用as 短语做补语，如regard, think believe, take, consider. 　We regard Tom as our best teacher.　我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。 　Mary took him as her father .　玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。　 3 不定式主语　 1) It's easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了 easy,　difficult,　 hard,　 important,　 possible,　 impossible,　comfortable,　 necessary,　 better;　the first,　 the next,　　the last,　the best,　too much,　too little,　not enough 　It's so nice to hear your voice. 　听到你的声音真高兴。 　It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 　当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。 2) It's very kind of you to help us.　他帮助我们，他真好。 Kind,　nice,　 stupid,　rude,　 clever,　foolish,　thoughtful,　thoughtless,　brave,　considerate(考虑周到的),　silly,　 selfish(自私的) 例句: 　It was silly of us to believe him.　我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。 　It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.　他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。 注意：1) 其他系动词如，look，appear等也可用于此句型 　　2) 不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。 　　3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is… to…的句型 　　(对)To see is to believe.　百闻不如一见。 4 It's for sb.和 It's of sb.　 1)for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult,　 interesting, impossible等： 　 It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。　 2)of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。 　 It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。 for 与of 的辨别方法： 　用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of，不通则用for。如： 　 You are nice.　(通顺，所以应用of)。 　 He is hard.　(人是困难的，不通，因此应用for。)　 5 不定式作表语　 　不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。例如： 　 My work is to clean the room every day.　 His dream is to be a doctor. 6 不定式作定语　 　 不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。例如： 　　I have a lot of work to do.　So he made some candles to give light. 7 不定式作状语　 1)目的状语　 To… only to (仅仅为了),　in order to,　so as to,　so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……) 　He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.　他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。 　I come here only to say good-bye to you.　我来仅仅是向你告别。 2)作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。 　What have I said to make you angry. 　He searched the room only to find nothing. 3)　表原因　 I'm glad to see you. 　The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___.　 　A. sit　 B. sit on　 C. be seat　 D. be sat on 答案：B.　如果不定式为不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时，常位于"形容词+动词不定式"结构的末尾。　 8 用作介词的to　 　to 有两种用法： 一为不定式+动词原形； 一为介词+名词/动名词, to 在下面的用法中是第二种，即to+ 名词/动名词： admit to承认，　　　　confess to承认， be accustomed to 习惯于，　 be used to 习惯于， stick to 坚持，　　　 turn to开始，着手于， devote oneself to 献身于，　be devoted to 致力于， look forward to 盼望，　　pay attention to 注意 9 省to 的动词不定式　 1) 情态动词 ( 除ought 外，ought to)： 2) 使役动词 let, have, make： 3) 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。 注意：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。 　 I saw him dance.　 =He was seen to dance. 　 The boss made them work the whole night.=They were made to work the whole night. 4) would rather，had better： 5) Why… / why not…： 6) help 可带to，也可不带to, help sb (to) do sth： 7) but和except：but前是动词do时，后面出现的动词用不带to的动词不定式。 8) 由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去： 9) 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等词后，可以省去to be：　 　 He is supposed (to be) nice.　他应该是个好人。 举例：He wants to move to France and marry the girl. 　　　 He wants to do nothing but go out. 比较：　 He wants to do nothing but go out. 　　 He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 典型例题 1) ---- I usually go there by train.　---- Why not ___ by boat for a change?　 　A. to try going　 B.　trying to go　 C.　to try and go　 D.　try going　 　答案：D. why not 后面接不带to 的不定式，因此选D。 2) Paul doesn't have to be made ___. He always works hard.　 　 A. learn　 B. to learn　 C. learned　 D. learning　 　 答案：B. make后接不带to 的动词不定式，当其用于被动时，to 不可省略。　 10 动词不定式的否定式　 　 Tell him not to shut the window…　 　 She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走过的时候，她假装没看见。 典型例题 1)Tell him ___ the window.　 　 A. to shut not　 B. not to shut　 C. to not shut D. not shut　 　答案：B。 tell sb to do sth 的否定形式为tell sb not to do sth. 2)　She pretended ___ me when I passed by.　 　 A.　not to see　 B. not seeing　C. to not see D.　having not seen　 　 答案：A。 pretend 后应接不定式。其否定形式为pretend not to do sth.。 3)Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ___ after drinking.　 　 A. never to drive　 B. to never driver　C. never driving　 D. never drive　 　 答案：A。warn sb to do sth. 的否定形式为warn sb not to do sth. 此处用的是否定词never. 4) The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him ____.　 　 A. not to　B. not to do　C. not do it　D. do not to　 　答案：A。not to 为not to do it 的省略形式。可以只用to这个词，而不必重复整个不定式词组。及物动词do后应有名词、代词等，否则不对，因此B，D不对。 5) The patient was warned ___ oily food after the operation.　 　 A. to eat no　 B. eating not　 C. not to eat　 　 D. not eating 答案：C。warn一词要求后用不定式，此处为不定式的被动，否定形式为be warned not to do。　 11 不定式的特殊句型too…to…　 1)too…to　 太…以至于… 　He is too excited to speak.　他太激动了，说不出话来。 　 I'm afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same.这箱子太重，恐怕你搬不动。谢谢您。 2) 如在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定， too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意 为"不太"。 　 It's never too late to mend.　(谚语)改过不嫌晚。 3)　当too 前面有only, all, but时，意思是：非常… 等于very。 　 I'm only too pleased to be able to help you. 我非常高兴能帮助你。 　 He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。　 12 不定式的特殊句型so as to　 1) 表示目的；它的否定式是so as not to do。 　 Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.　 　　 汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。 　 Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.　 轻点进去，别惊醒了婴儿。 2)　so kind as to ---劳驾 　 Would you be so kind as to tell me the time?　劳驾，现在几点了。　 13 不定式的特殊句型Why not　 　 "Why not +动词原形"表达向某人提出建议，翻译为："为什么不……?" "干吗不……?" 例如：　 Why not take a holiday?干吗不去度假? 14 不定式的时态和语态　 时态\语态　　 主动　　　被动 一般式　　　 to do　　　to be done 进行式　　　 to be doing　 完成式　　　 to have done　 to have been done 完成进行式　　 to have been doing　 1) 现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。 　He seems to know this. 　I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again.　我希望再见到你。 2) 完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 　I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble. 　He seems to have caught a cold. 3) 进行时： 表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。 　He seems to be eating something. 4) 完成进行时：　 　She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.　 15 动名词与不定式　 1) 动名词与不定式的区别： 　动名词表达的是： 状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，已发生的 　不定式表达的是： 目的，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发生的 2) 接不定式或动名词，意义相同。　 3) 动名词与不定式语义不同的有11 组： 　 1　stop to do　　　stop doing　　　 2 forget to do　　 forget doing 　 3　remember to do　　remember doing　4 regret to do　　 regret doing 　 5　cease to do　　 cease doing　　 6 try to do　　　try doing 　 7　go on to do　　 go on doing　　8 afraid to do　　 afraid doing　 　 9　interested to do　interested doing　　 10 mean to do　　　 mean doing 　11 begin/ start to do　 begin/ start doing　　

3．不定式完成式to have done/to have been done和现在分词完成式having done/having been done均表示动作发生在谓语之前。

例如：1).He is said to have left.

2).Not having heard from him,I wrote to him again.