7. 关于［Cr(H₂O)₄Br₂］Br·2H₂O的说法正确的是　　　　　　　　

A. 配体为水分子，外界为Br^－ 　 B. 中心原子Cr提供孤对电子

C. 中心离子的配位数为6　 　 D. 中心离子的化合价为+2价

6. 关于乙醇分子的说法正确的是　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

A.分子中共含有8个极性键

B.分子中不含非极性键　

C.分子中只含σ键　

D.分子中含有1个π键　

5.下列微粒中，最外层未成对电子数最多的是高考资

　 A.O　　　　　　 B.P　　　　　　　　 C.Mn　　　　　　　 D.Fe³⁺

4.下列各组元素中，电负性依次减小的是

　 A. Na、Al 、K　　　 　　　　　　　B.O、 Cl、 H

　 C.As 、P　 、H　　　　 　　　　　　　D.O、 S、 Cl

3.下列原子中，第一电离能最大的是

　 A.B　　　　　　 B.C　　 　　　　　　C.Al　　　　　　　　 D.Si　

2.下列物质中，属于含有共价键的离子晶体是

　 A.CsCl　　　　　　　 B．KOH　　　　　　 C．H₂O　　　 D．H₂

1.以下表示氦原子结构的化学用语中，对电子运动状态描述最详尽的是

　 A． ：He　　　　　 B．　　　　 C．1s²　　　　　 D．

2) If tap water were as dangerous as some people think, ________ would be getting sick.(1998.1) A. a lot of more us 　B. more a lot of us C. a lot of us more 　C. a lot more of us

3) The trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn't bothered by his loudness ___ by his lack of talent.(1999.1) A. than 　B. more than 　C. as 　D. so much as

4) Americans eat ____ as they actually need every day.(1998.6) A. twice as much protein 　B. twice protein as much twice C. twice protein as much 　D. protein as twice much

5) There are few electronic applications ____ to raise fears regarding future employment opportunities than robots. A. likely 　B. more likely 　C. most likely 　D. much likely

6) The little man was ____ more than one meter fifty tall.(1995.1) A. nearly 　B. quite 　C. hardly 　D. almost

7) Certain programs work better for some ___ for others.(1995.1) A. and 　B. than 　C. as 　D. but

8) It is not unusual for workers in that region ____.(1995.1) A. to be paid more than a month late B. to be paid later than more a month C. to pay later than a month more D. to pay late more than a month

9) It is reported that ________adopted children went to know who their natural parents are.(1997.1) A. the most 　B. most of 　C. most 　D. the most of

② _______ a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at least a master's degree.(1995.1) A. To become 　B. Become 　C. One becomes 　D. On becoming

③ Realizing that he hadn't enough money and ____ to borrow from his father, he decided to sell his watch.(1995.1) A. not wanted 　B. no to want 　C. not wanting　 D. wanting not ④ ___ it or not, his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles.(1997.1) A. Believe 　B. To believe 　C. Believing 　D. Believed

从以上各题来看，考查的侧重点有： (1)状语类别的判断 　不同的状语对非谓语动词的要求不同，目的状语要求用不定式，如②。 (2)非谓语动词与句子属于之间的逻辑关系 　根据主谓关系或动宾关系的不同来确定用现在分词还是用过去分词。 (3)非谓语动词的否定形式 　not否定非谓语动词时置于非谓语动词之前，如③。 (4) 独立成分 　有些非谓语动词的使用不受与句子主语关系的限制，称为独立成分，这类成 分只记忆即可。如: generally speaking, judging from..., to tell the truth..., 等。 5) 做补足语的非谓语动词的选择 　做宾语补足语的非谓语动词受谓语动词的限制，不同动词后的宾语补足语形式要求不同。近几年对各类宾补都有考查。如： ① They are going to have the service man ____ an electric fan in the office tomorrow.(1998.1) A. install 　B. to install 　C. to be installed 　D. installed

② After a few rounds of talks, both sides regarded the territory dispute ______.(1998.6) A. being settled 　B. to be settled 　C. had settled 　D. as settled

③ You will see this product ____ wherever you go.(2000.6) A. to be advertised 　B. advertised 　C. advertise 　D. advertising

④ His remarks left me _____ about his real purpose.(1999.6) A. wondered 　B. wonder 　C. to wonder 　D. wondering

⑤ When I caught him ______ me I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop.(1997.1) A. cheating 　B. cheat 　C. to cheat 　D. to be cheating

⑥ The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience _____ on benches, chairs or boxes.(2000.1) A. having seated 　B. seating 　C. seated　 D. having been seated 考查涉及到感官动词后的宾语补足语，如③。 have, make, let, leave等特殊单词后的宾语补足语。 regard类后面的宾语补足语 with独立分句后面的 常用动词后面的宾语补足语。 6) 做表语的非谓语动词的选择 　表语的考查多侧重于分词做表语形式的选择，很少有动名词的用法的考查，虽然选项中有不定式作为干扰项，只要能看出是做表语的也就不用考虑。如： ① The house was very quiet, ____ as it was on the side of the mountain.(1999.6) A. isolated 　B. isolating 　C. being isolated 　D. having been isolated ② These surveys indicate that many crimes go _____ by the police,mainly because not all victims report them.(2000.6) A. unrecorded 　B. to be unrecorded 　C. unrecording 　D. to have been unrecorded 　分词做表语可以做系动词be的表语，也可以做其它系动词的表语，如go, feel,seem, look, remain等等。这些系动词后非谓语动词的饿用法规则是相同的。

7) to作为介词与作为不定式符号的选择 to可以是介词，也可以用来引导不定式，四级考试中对种类用法的考查也比较多。如： ① I have no objection _______ your story again.(2000.6) A. to hear 　B. to hearing 　C. to having heard 　D. to have heard

② The traditional approach ____ with complex problems is to break down into smaller, more easily managed problems.(1996.6) A. to dealing 　B. in dealing 　C. dealing 　D. to deal ③ The man in the corner confessed to _____ a lie to the manager of the company.(1997.6) A. have told 　B. be told 　C. being told 　D. having told 　这类考题的考查方式有两种，一是四个选项中有两个相对的选项to do something 和 to doing something，这时考查的自然是to的性质；另一种是to在题干中，如③。 8) 分词前连词的使用 　分词前连词的使用是为了使分词的作用更加明了，使考生更加准确地理解试题。考查有两种情况 (1)根据连词选择适当的分词形式 Michael used to look hurt and surprised when ______.(1995.1) A. scolding 　B. to scold 　C. having scolded 　D. scolded 　when的使用说明非谓语动词做时间状语，答案不可能是B，从scold与句子主语间的逻辑关系来看，应该是动宾关系，答案应该是D。 (2)根据状语的功能选择不同的连词 Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patient do not take drugs ___ directed.(1996.1) A. like 　B. so 　C. which 　D. as 　由上下文的意思可以看出，分词所做的是方式状语，连词应该是as。 9) 非谓语动词的体 　非谓语动词中分词的体有完成体和进行体，即having done, having been done和being done，完成体只用于做状语的场合，而进行体可以用于做定语和做补足语。 　动名词的体也有having done, having been done和 being done的结构主要用于做主语和宾语的场合。 　不定式的体有to be doing 和to have done，主要用于pretend, happen, seem, appear, be said to等结构中。如： ① The man in the corner confessed to _____ a lie to the manager of the company.(1997.6) A. have told 　B. be told 　C. being told 　D. having told having told在句中做介词宾语，表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。 ② I'd rather read than watch television; the programs seem ____ all the time.(1997.1) A. to get worse 　B. to be getting worse 　C. to have got worse 　D. getting worse 　从all the time的使用可以推断get worse是一个渐变过程，所以用不定式的进行体。 ③ The speech _____ a lively discussion started.(1995.1) A. being delivered 　B. was delivered 　C. be delivered 　D. having been delivered 　该结构属于独立主格结构做时间状语，状语分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，所以应该用完成体，答案为D。 10)动名词复合结构

　动名词符合结构可以做主语、宾语和表语，在对动名词的考查中总是将其逻辑主语包括进来，形成动名词的复合结构： ① _____ in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for.(1999.1) A. The girl was educated 　B. The girl educated C. The girl's being educated　 D. The girl to be educated 　本题涉及题眼比较多，A，为从句做主语，但缺少that，D为不定式做主语，但缺少for(for the girl to be educated)，B结构不能做主语，答案是C，为动名词的复合结构。 ② Ann never dreams of _____ for her to be sent abroad very soon. A. there being a chance 　B. there to be a chance C. there be a chance 　D. being a chance 　介词后用动名词，表示存在时必须用there be句型，所以答案为A，这也是动名词复合结构，there为动名词的逻辑主语。 ③ I don't mind _____ the decision as long as it is not too late. A. you to delay making 　B. your delaying making C. you delaying to make 　D. you delay to make (2000.1) 　Mind要求接动名词,动名词的逻辑主语用形容词性物主代词，答案自然是B。 ④ I would appreciate _____ it a secret.(1995.6) A. your keeping 　B. you to keep 　C. that you keep 　D. that you will keep 　本题与上一题类似，答案是A。

2．非谓语动词解题策略 1)正确判断非谓语动词 　这类题一般出现在独立主格结构中，如果在选项与句子之间没有连词，则说明，所选为独立主格结构，既名词或主格代词 + 分词。 All things ______, the planned trip will have to be called off. A. considered 　B. be considered 　C. considering 　D. having considered (1998.6) 　句子没有连词，说明所选结构不属于从句，那么就是独立主格做状语，根据动词与其逻辑主语之间的关系为动宾关系，答案应该是A。 ____, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.(1997.6) A. Other things being equal 　B. Were other things equal C. To be equal to other things D. Other things to be equal 　做状语的可以是从句，但B的结构是虚拟条件，与这里不符，不表目的，C不对，不表将来，独立主格中非谓语动词不能是不定式，答案为A。

4) 判断动名词复合结构的方式

　主语位置上，或动词、介词后的"名词代词 + 非谓语动词"，如果表示的是一个事件则是动名词复合结构，而不是"名词 + 定语。请看以下各例： He insisted on the windows _____ open while he was sleeping. A. left 　B. being left　 C. leaving D　. be left 　insist on后不接从句，D可以排除。这里表达的是坚持要求"开着窗子睡觉"，所以应该是动名词复合结构，答案为B。 The road __________ caused us to be for our work for half an hour. A. blocked 　B. was blocked 　C. blocking　 D. being blocked 　做主语的表示上班迟到的原因，自然应该是"交通堵塞"，而不是"被堵的道路"，所以还是动名词复合结构，答案为D。 The concerned mother thrilled at the news of his son _________ to college. A. had been admitted 　B. admitted 　C. having been admitted 　D. having admitted 　消息表达的应该是个事件，说明不是"被录取的孩子"，介词of后不可能接从句，说明of后为动名词的复合结构，答案是C。 3) 注意分析非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的关系 　正确判断非谓语动词与起逻辑主语之间的关系是正确选择非谓语动词形式的保证，不管是做什么成分的非谓语动词都体现以下特点： 如果非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是主谓关系，则用现在分词； 如果非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，则用过去分词； 如果表示将来，则用动词不定式。 　这是非谓语动词运用的基本原则，然后再根据其不同的作用，掌握其更细的规则。如： (1)做定语时 　做定语的可以是动名词、分词或不定式。动名词做前置定语，所构成的大多为固定短语，。主要考查分词和不定式做定语。分词或不定式做定语一般做后置定语。 ① The project ____ by the end of 2000, will expand the city's telephone network to cover 1,000,000 users. A. accomplished 　B. being accomplished 　C. to be accomplished 　D. having been accomplished

② Hard work ____ on time will lead to better grades.(1995.1) A. done 　B. be done 　C. having done 　D. to have been done

③ As early as 1647 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must be established in every town _____ 50 households or more.(1998.1) A. having 　B. to have　C. to have had 　D. having had

④ Those _____ to the conference were mostly famous scientists. A. invited 　B. were invited 　C. inviting 　D. to invite 做定语的非谓语动词有一下几种形式： "doing 结构":分词与中心词之间是主谓关系,表示正在进行,或状态。如③ "being done结构"：分词与中心词之间是动宾关系，表示被动和正在进行，如：No one is to enter the building being repaired. "to be done结构"：不定式与中心词之间是动宾关系，表示将来和被动，如①。 "done结构"：分词与中心词之间是动宾关系，表示被动、完成或一般，如②④。 "to do结构"：不定式与中心词之间是主谓关系，表示将来。如：The professor to give us a speech tomorrow is said to have compiled many scientific works. 完成形式不能做定语，包括分词的完成形式和不定式的完成形式。 (2)做状语 　做状语的可以是不定式，也可以是分词。大体结构有： "doing 结构"：分词与句子主语为主谓关系，表示与谓语动词同时发生，或基本上同时发生，或是同时存在的状态。如： ______ the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth. A. Having believed 　B. Believing 　C. Believed 　D. Being believed "done结构"：只要分词与句子主语间是动宾关系就可以用过去分词，可以表示完成，可以表示正在进行，也可以表示条件。如： _______ in this way, the situation doesn't seem so disappointing. A. Too look at 　B. Looking at 　C. Looked at 　D. To be looked at (2000.1) He came in, followed by a group of reporters. "having done结构"：分词与句子主语是主谓关系，切发生在谓语动词之前。Having seen the film already, I declined his invitation to go to the cinema. "having been done结构"：该结构表示完成被动，即分词与句子主语之间是动宾关系，且发生在谓语动词之前。如：Having been showed many times, he still didn't understand the operation of the machine. "to do 结构"：这是不定式结构，在句中可以做目的状语，也可以做结果状语，但不定式动作总是发生在谓语动词之后。如： _______ a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at least a master's degree. A. To become 　B. Become 　C. One becomes 　D. On becoming 　表结果时一般为固定结构，如too …to…, enough to….，或是表示出乎意料的结果，常可加构成only to的结构。如： I did what I could to comfort her only to make her cry even more. The next day, she woke to find herself in hospital. "being done结构"：该结构表示被动与正在进行，一般置于句首，表示原因。如：Being chased by some spies, he hid himself in the grass. (2)做表语 　测试中对表语的考查主要侧重在现在分词与过去分词的区别上，所以对于做表语的非谓语动词，主要看分词与句子主语之间的关系。做表语的分词一般只有doing和done两种形式。现在分词表示做表语的与主语是主谓关系；过去分词表示做表语的与主语之间是动宾关系。根据使用规律，如果主语是无生命名词，则表语分词为现在分词；如果主语是有生命名词，以过去分词居多，但也可以用现在分词，但意思不同。如： How disappointed he felt at the result of the election. (他感到失望) How disappointing he is. He should have failed in such an election. (他令人失望) 　可接表语的系动词很多，除be外还有remain, feel, look, appear, seem, get, become, go。 (3)做补足语 　一般做宾补的非谓语动词动词的形式选择与其它成分中的非谓语动词形式选择规则基本相同。 doing结构：分词与宾语构成主谓关系，表正在进行。 When I caught him ____ me I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop. A. cheating 　B. cheat 　C. to cheat 　D. to be cheating

　done结构：分词与宾语构成动宾关系，表示被动与完成。 Don't get your schedule _____;stay with us in this class.(1996.1) A. to change 　B. changing　 C. changed 　D. change 　to do 结构：不定式表示将来，如wish somebody to do, expect somebody to do, arrange for somebody to do等等。 being done结构：表示被动和正在进行, watch the flag being raised Corn originated in the New World and thus was not known in Europe until Columbus found it _____ in Cuba.(2000.1) A. being cultivated B. been cultivated C. having cultivated D. cultivating 　to be done结构：用语表示将来与被动，一般用语主谓关系时可用to做宾补的动词后，如：want something to be done, order something to be done 完成形式不能做宾补。 4) 注意分析非谓语动词做什么状语 　不同的状语对非谓语动词的要求不同，如表示目的只能是不定式，另外，测试中也常有选择非谓语动词前连词的试题。因此，同学们应注意根据状语与句子间的关系，判断连词的使用。 5) 注意不定式的特殊句式 　不定式在做定语和做状语时都有其特殊句式，注意这些句式的特点，考试中就会少走一点弯路。如： have something to do类： 　这类结构相当于汉语的连动结构，即"有事要做"，"买东西吃"，"借书看"等。 a room in which to live类： 该类结构是a room to live in 的变体。但如果不熟悉这个结构，考试中则难以决断。如： You will want two trees about ten feet apart, from _____ to suspend your tent.(1998.1) 　A. there 　B. them 　C. which 　D. where The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _____ his arguments in favor of the new theory.(2000.6) A. to be based on 　B. to base on 　C. which to base on 　D. on which to base the first to do 该结构表示如果名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或序数词、最高级本身做名词用，其后应不定式做定语。 the ability to do 该结构表示，形容词变了的名词后用不定式做定语。 the need to do 该结构表示由动词变来的名词后用不定式做定语。 the way to do 该结构表示，在一些特定的名词后面常用不定式做定语，应注意记忆，如means, reason, time, pressure, moment。 6) 熟记固定搭配，分清不定式与to加动名词 　其实容易产生不定式符号与介词混淆的只是为数不多的某些句式，只要平时注意积累即可。 prefer doing something to doing something look forward to doing something be used to doing something (习惯于做某事) stick to doing something object to doing something/ have objection to doing something be opposed to doing something admit/confess to doing something

I have no objection _____ your story again.(2000.6) A. to hear B. to hearing C. to having heard D. to have heard The man in the corner confessed to ________ a lie to the manager of the company. A. have told B. be told C. being told D. having told 从出题人的心理来看，如果有to do something和 to doing something的对比项，一般答案是to doing something。 7) 分清宾补的类别 (1)感官动词后的宾补可以是 doing, do, done, being done的结构，其中being done 只用于少数动词后面， 如find, smell, feel等。 (2)have somebody do something 让某人做某事 have somebody doing something 让某人一直做某事 won't have somebody do something 不许某人做某事 have something done 使某事被做 have something + ving 让……一直…… (3)catch,smell,keep,set,等只能接doing的结构,表示主动和正在进行。 (4)leave somebody doing something 让某人一直做某事 leave something undone 使某事只做了一半 leave something to be done 事情有待于解决 leave somebody to do something让某事做某事，表示将来 (5)with somebody to do something宾补与宾语是主谓关系，表示将来。 with somebody doing something 宾补与宾语之间是主谓关系，表示正在进行。 with something to do 宾补与宾语间是动宾关系，表示将来，动作执行者在句中找的着。 with something to be done宾补与宾语是动宾关系，表示将来，但动作执行者在句中找不着。 with something done 宾补与宾语之间是动宾关系，表示完成。 8) 注意下列结构中非谓语动词的体 pretend/appear/seem/happen/ be said to do something 不定式动作一般为状态动词，也可是终止性动词，表示与谓语动词同时存在或发生。 pretend/appear/seem/happen/ be said to have done something 不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前。 pretend/appear/seem/happen/ be said to be doing something 不定式动作与谓语动词同时进行 9)熟记哪些动词后接不定式,哪些接动名词,如果两者都可，又有什么差别。 　既可接不定式,又可接动名词,用法有别的动词常考的有: forget,remember, regret, mean, try等。 10)注意want/need/require表示"需要"时的特殊句式 want/need/require表"需要"时，后接主动的动名词或被动的不定式，即doing 或to be done的形式。不可混淆。 3. 自我测试 　以上我们简要分析了四级英语测试中非谓语动词的考查特点和应对策略，下面，请同学们做自测练习。

25、2009年4月12日，位于巴基斯坦西北部城市白沙瓦的驻阿美军和北约部队的一货运中转站再次遭到袭击。从2009年1月1日至4月10日的100天里，巴基斯坦境内共发生20起自杀式炸弹袭击，造成332人死亡，相当于平均每天就有3人死于恐怖袭击。当前，国际恐怖事件时起时伏，不断发生。我国主张反对一切形式的恐怖主义，防范和打击恐怖活动，其意义在于(　　 )

①开展广泛的文明对话　 ②保护人民的生命和财产安全　

③促进世界经济一体化进程　 ④维护国际和平与稳定

A、①②　　B、②③　　C、②④　　D、③④

2009-2010学年度高三年级第一次月考