7. First come, first ____.

☆词语比较☆

6. The school building is limited, so we have no ____ room to hold this meeting.

5. How I ____him the pleasures he had during the vacation!

4. After all the students had taken their seats, the teacher ____ out the examination papers.

3. I ____ to stay there for one more week, but I changed my mind.

2. Children are tired of learning often because they ____ to do better than they can.

1. Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had ____.

12. spare

1) adj. 备用的，多余的，剩余的 a spare tire 备用轮胎 / spare cash 余款　 If you have a spare bed, may I stay tonight? / Have you any spare time to help me?

2) n. 节约，抽出　 spare no effort / pain 不遗余力 / spare no expense 不惜工本 / Please spare me your opinions, just tell me the facts. / Can you spare this time to help me? / Can you spare me this book for a while?

▲ 搭配：

① in one's spare time 在空余时间；在业余时间 ② spare no pains / efforts to do sth 不遗余力地去做某事 ③ spare one's energy 节省精力

[考例3](2005湖北)They started off late and got to the airport with minutes to ____.

A. spare　 B. catch　 C. leave　 D. make

[考查目标]考查几个与时间名词搭配的动词含义。

[答案与解析]A　 题意为“他们出发晚了，只剩下几分钟的时间赶往机场”。to spare = be able to afford to give (time, money, etc.) 意为“多余。余富”。

[考点5]turn 的用法

▲ 构词：turning n. [C]拐弯处，拐角处

▲搭配：

① turn around / round 转过身；转过来

② turn away 把……打发走；解雇；拒绝；把脸扭开

③ turn down 关小；调低；拒绝

④ turn green 变绿

⑤ turn in 上缴；移交给警察

⑥ turn off 关掉(自来水、电灯、收音机等)；切断

⑦ turn on 开；旋开(电灯、无线电等)

⑧ turn over 翻到；翻身；翻(书页)；翻动；翻耕(土地)；把…翻一翻；移交(工作)；转让(公司)

⑨ turn to 翻到；转向；求救于；求助于

⑩ turn up 调大；出现；到达；找到；转弯；转向

⑪ turn...into... 把……变成……

⑫ wait one's turn 等着轮到某人

⑬ by turns 轮流地．依次

⑭ turn out 结果证明是；生产

⑮ turn into 进入

⑯ in turn 依次；反过来(表示对比)

▲句型：

① turn + n. = become a / an / the + n. 变成

② turn + adj. (green / yellow / deaf) 变得 It's one's turn to do sth = Now comes one's turn to do sth 轮到某人干某事了；该某人干某事

一般疑问句：Is it one's turn to do sth?

特殊疑问句：Whose turn is it to do sth?

take turns (at) doing sth / to do sth = take one's turn to do sth = do sth by turns = do sth in turn 轮流千某事

“(结果)证明”可表达为：...turn out (to be) + 名词或形容词；It turns / turned out that + 句子。例如：The meeting turned out to be a great success. 结果会议开得很成功。= It turned out that the meeting was a great success.

▲ 辨析：①become; get; go; grow; turn

该组词作系动词用时， 均表示变化，但

become意为“变成，成为， 转为”，多用于书面语，多指有一种状态向另一种状态的变化，所表示的变化过程往往已经完成，其后可接形容词、名词等作表语。

get意为“变成，……起来”，多用于口语，多指由一种状态变成另一种状态，表示短时间的状态变化，其后接形容词、不定式或现在分词等作表语。

go常指由好变坏或由正常情况变成特殊情况。如：go bad / blind / mad / crazy / wrong / red变坏 /变瞎 / 变疯 / 出毛病 / (气得脸)变红；表示短时间的状态变化，其后接形容词等作表语。

grow有“逐渐变成新状态”之意，强调变化过程。

turn意为“变成”，表示成为完全不同的事物，强调变化的结果。其后可接形容词作表语，一般表示东西变质，人或天气变坏及颜色的变化等，后接名词时，名词前无冠词。例如：Johnson has become a lawyer, but Michael remains a waiter at a hotel. Johnson已做了律师，可Michael却还在一家宾馆当服务员。/ Don't get too excited! 不要太激动! / Meat goes bad easily in summer. 肉在夏天易变坏。/ The smoke grew thicker. 烟变得更浓了。/ The milk turned sour. 牛奶酸了。 He has turned journalist. = He has become a journalist. 他已经成了一名记者。

② close shut；turn off 该组词均表达“关，关闭”之意，但close意为“关，关闭，封闭”，是较正式的用语，常指把门窗、箱子、盒千等关闭起来或将使用着的路封闭起来。shut意为“关，关闭，关牢”，可与互换使用，但其意味更强，强调关的结果，含有关紧或关牢之意。turn off 意为“关．关闭”，常用于电源、电灯、电视、收音机等电器及水流等液体的关闭。

[考例5](2004浙江) We wanted to get home before dark, but it didn't quite ____ as planned.

A. make out　　 B. turn out　 C. go on　 D. come up

[考查目标] 考查动词短语辨析。

[答案与解析]B　 make out表示“分辨”；turn out表示“结果是”；go on 表示“继续”；come up表示“问题等被提出”。结合上下文的意思应该选turn out。

[考点7]waste 的用法

▲ 搭配：a waste of……的浪费

▲ 句型：

① waste sth 浪费；消耗

② waste time / money + (in) doing sth 浪费时间／金钱干某事

③ waste time / money + on sth 浪费时间 / 金钱……

④ It's (a) waste of time / money / breath + to do sth. / doing sth 干某事是白费时间／钱／口舌

[考例7](NMET 1995)You're ____ your time trying to persuade him; he'll never join us.

A. spending　　 B. wasting　　 C. losing　 D. missing

[考查目标]考查动词的辨析。

[答案与解析]B　 根据上下文的意思”他不会加到我们中的，所以你是在浪费时间”。

[牛刀小试1]

用所给单词的适当形式填空：

(spare, hope, waste, hand, expect, envy)

6. so young a body

[说明]在一个带有形容词的名词词组中，不定冠词a / an通常放在adj. 的前面。但是，如果adj.前有so, too, how, quite 时，a / an应放 adj. 的后面。其结构是：so / too / how / quite + adj. + a / an + n.。He is so good a student. / It is too difficult a job for me.

1. mercy n. 仁慈、怜悯

They showed little mercy to the enemies. 他们对敌人毫不怜悯。/ We were treated with mercy. 人们对待我们很仁慈。

have mercy on 对……表示怜悯 She was so kind that the showed much mercy on the poor. 她很仁慈对穷人很怜悯。

at the mercy of 任由……摆布，受……控制 She is at the mercy of her emotions. 她完全受自己感情的支配。

[考点2]order 的用法

▲搭配：

① obey orders 服从命令

② in order that 为了；以便

③ in order to 为了；以便

④ in order 整齐；按顺序；有条理

⑤ out of order 失灵，出故障

⑥ take orders from sb = take one's orders 接受命令

⑦ send orders to sb 传令给……

⑧ give an order 下命令

⑨ take / have one's order 请某人点菜

⑩ keep order 维持秩序

⑪ have orders 奉命

▲句型：

① order sb. to do sth 命令某人干某事

② order sth to be done 命令干某事

③ order (that) sh / sth (should) + V. 命令干某事

④ order sb sth 给某人订购某物

⑤ in order to do sth; in order that-clause 为了……

⑥ We used the computer in order to save time. = We used the computer in order that we might save time. 我们使用计算机是为了节省时间。

⑦ There came an order that...= An order came that... 传来……命令

⑧ May I take / have your order? 你点菜吗?(饭店服务员用语)

▲辨析：command；direct；order

三词均意为“命令”，但

command语气较强，多用于正式的场合。

direct语气较弱。

order语气较强，但比较局限和具体，多用于军事指挥中，接宾语从句时需用虚拟语气。例如：The men did as their officer had commanded. 士兵遵照长官的命令行事。/ The general directed that his men should retreat. 将军命令他的部下撤退。/ The police ordered the demonstrators to stop. 警方命令示威者停止前进。

[考例2](1996上海)

-- I wonder if I could use your telephone.　 -- ____.

A. I wonder how　　　　　 B. I don't wonder

C. Sorry, it's out of order　 D. No wonder, here it is

[考查目标]考查交际用语。

[答案与解析]C　 out of order 表示“出故障”。

[考点4]pay的用法

▲构词：

① pay phone 公用电话　　 ② payday 发薪日

③ pay envelope 工资袋　　 ④ well-paid 高薪的

▲ 搭配：

① pay back 偿还／归还(借款等)；报答；报复；回敬

② pay for sth 付钱；支付；为……付m(代价)

③ pay off (one's debts) 还清(债务)

④ pay sb back for... 报答某人什么

⑤ pay one's debt 还账

⑥ pay...a visit = pay a visit to 访问……；拜访……

⑦ get / be paid = get one's pay 领工资；得到报酬

⑧ pay taxes / rent / the bill 纳税／交租金／付账

⑨ pay one's respects to sb 向某人表示敬意

⑩ pay attention to 注意

▲ 句型：

① pay sb some money for (doing) sth 干某事付给某人多少钱

② pay sb + 钱付给某人多少钱

③ pay for (doing) sth 为(干)某事付钱

④ pay + 钱 + for (doing) sth 为(干)某事付多少钱

⑤ pay sb to do sth 雇某人干某事

▲ 辨析：fee；pay；salary；wage

salary 指定期发放的工资，常以一个月或一年为期限，多为白领工作人员或管理部门的人员的工资

wage 多用复数wages，指体力劳动者的工资，指每周所发的工资或计时计件工资

pay 指发给军人或其他公务员的“薪水”，经常指永久性的、定期付给一定数量的钱

fee指为某种专业服务而付出的钱(如付给律师的)。例如：

The fee for the concert is 100 yuan. 音乐会的票价是100元。We can't afford private school fees. 我们负担不起私立学校的学费。It's a dirty job but the pay is good. 这是份很脏的工作，但工资不错。My salary is paid directly into my bank account. 我的薪金是直接拨入我的银行户头的。What's the average wage in this country? 这个国家的平均工资是多少?

[考例4](NMET 1998)Cleaning women in big cities usually get ____ by the hour.

A. pay　　 B. paying　　 C. paid　　 D. to pay

[考查目标]考查 get paid 的含义。

[答案与解析]C　 get paid 领工资；得到报酬。

[考点8]serve 的用法

▲构词：

① service n. 服务

② servant n. 仆人，佣人

③ service-charge ＝ tip n. 服务费，小费

④ a service industry 一种服务性行业

▲ 搭配：

① serve sb heart anti soul 全心全意为人民服务

② serve as / for 某物当……用；用作；起……作用

③ serve one's turn / need / purpose 适合某人的目的 /需要 / 心意

④ serve in the army 服役

⑤ provide good after-sales service 提供优质

⑥ community service 社区服务

⑦ go into service 投入使用；去帮佣

⑧ in service 当佣人；在职；服兵役；使用中

⑨ do sb a (great) service 帮某人个(大)忙；给某人...(大)忙

⑩ be at one's service 听候某人吩咐；听凭某人使用

⑪At your service. 愿为您效劳；听候您的吩咐

▲ 句型：① serve sb (with) sth = serve sth to sb 拿／用……招待／款待某人 ② Can I be of (any) service to you? 我能帮你什么忙吗? ③ be of service to... 对……有用／有帮助／有好处

[考例8](NMET 1993)In some parts of the world, tea ____ with milk and sugar.

A. is serving　　 B. is served　 C. serves　　 D. served

[考查目标] 考查固定短语。

[答案与解析]B　 考查 be served with 固定短语。