1.-- Mum, I've been studying English since 8 o'clock.

　　 ____ I go out and play with Tom for a while?

　 --No, I'm afraid not. Besides, it's raining outside

　　　 now. (2004 辽宁)

　　　 A. Can't　　　　　　　 B. Wouldn't

　　　 C. May not　　　　　　 D. Won't

8. There are five pairs ____, but I'm at a loss

　 which to buy. (1999 上海)

　　　 A. to be chosen　　　 B. to choose from

　　　 C. to choose　　　　　 D. for choosing

　　 [交际速成]

[考点1]情态动词在交际语言中表示推测的用法

(NMET 1998)

-- I stayed at a hotel while in New York.

-- Oh, did you? You ____ with Barbara.

　　　 A.　 could have stayed　 B.　 cbuld stay

　　　 C. would stay　　　　 D. must have stayed

[答案与解析]A　 此题考查情态动词在交际语言中的

具体运用。由题干中的“did you?”这一句得知此题所

需要的答案表示对过去事实的推测，也是表示建议。

B、C两项都不是对过去的推测，应该排除，但是D项过

于肯定，与题意不符，故只有A项正确。

[归纳]交际语言中用情态动词表达对过去事实推测的

常见的方式有：

① must have done 一定做了

② could have done 可能做了

③ might have done 也许做了

④ should have dode本 来应该做(而实际没做)

⑤ shouldn't have done 本来不应该做(而实际做了)。

　 例如：

-- The ground is wet. 地上是湿的。

-- It must have rained last night.昨天晚上一定下雨

　 了。

[考点2]怎样用英语表达逻辑关系

(2004北京春招)

-- Do you think I should get a good guidebook?

-- Yes, of course. ____, you also need a good cam-

　 era and comfortable shoes.

　　　 A. What's more　　　 B. In other words

　　　 C. By the way　　　　 D. All in all

[答案与解析]A　 这道题考查的是逻辑关系的表达方

式。根据后半句中also以及句意可以知道此处要表达

的内容是“另外，还有”，而B项表示“换句话说”，c项

表示“顺便说一下”，D项表示“整个说来，大体而言”。

故只有A项正确。

[归纳]常见的表达逻辑关系的方式有：

① What happened first was that...

② ...happened as a result of...

③ You could expect...because---

④ That led to...

⑤ One of the reason why...is...

⑥ ...is often followed by... 例如：

What happened first was that he helped the black slaves

escape from the USA to Canada. You could expect that

led to the slave owners against him. Then he took up his

arms to fight against his enemies。最先发生的事情是他

帮助黑奴从美国逃往加拿大。你可以想像得到，这件

事导致了奴隶主反对他，然后他就拿起武器与敌人作

斗争。

[牛刀小试 4]

7. When I handed the report to John, he said George

　 was the person ____. (1996 上海)

　　　 A. to send　　　　　　 B. for sending

　　 C. to send it to　　　　 D. for sending it to

6. I think Father would like to know ____ I've been

　 up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note.

　 (2004 湖南)

　　　 A. which　　　　　　　 B. why

　　　 C. what　　　　　　　 D. how

5. A story goes ____ Elizabeth I of England liked

　 nothing more than being surrounded by clever and

　 qualified noblemen at court. (2004 上海)

　　　 A. when　　　　　　　 B. where

　　　 C. what　　　　　　 D. that

4. It was only when I reread his poems　 recently

　　 ____ I began to appreciate their beauty. (NMET

　　 1998)

　　　 A. until　　　　　　　 B. that

　　　 C. then　　　　　　　　 D. so

3. As we joined the big crowd. I got ____　 from my

　 friend. (NMET 2001)

　　　 A. separated　　　　　 B. spared

　　　 C. lost　　　　　　　　 D. missed

2. It was with great joy ____ he received the news

　 that his daughter had been found. (2004 福建)

　　　 A. because　　　　　　 B. which

　　　 C. since　　　　　　　 D. that

1. I have always been honest and straight forward, and

　 it doesn't matter ____ I'm talking to. (2004 广东)

　　　 A. who is it　　　　　 B. who it is

　　　 C. it is who　　　　　 D. it is whom

2. whatever 在从句中的用法既可以引导让步状语从

　　 句，也可以引导名词性从句，当 whatever 引导让步状

　　 语从句时，相当于 no matter what。当 whatever 引导

　　 名词性从句时，whatever 相当于 anything that。

　　 You can eat whatever you like.

　　 你想吃什么就吃什么。(宾语从句)

　　 Whatever I have is yours.

　　 我的东西都是你的。(主语从句)

　　 Keep calm, whatever (= no matter what) happens.

不论出什么事都要冷静。(让步状语从句)

[句型归纳]

[考点1]What is it that makes the ocean such a great

place to live? 是什么使得海洋成为如此大的居住空间

呢?

本句为强调句型，其结构为：It + is / was + 被强调部分

+ that (强调人时也可用who) + 句子其他部分，用来强

调除谓语以外的其他成分。例如：

It is the ability to do the job that matters not where you

come from or what you are. 重要的是你的工作能力，而

不是你的出身和来历。

What is it that Hawking does not like about his speech

computer? 霍金对他的语音电脑不满意的地方是什么呢?

注意：如果被强调的是动词，则在动词之前加do。或

did，或does。例如：

She does get up very early every morning. 她确实每天

起得很早。

[考例1](2004上海) Why! I have nothing to confess.

　____ you want me to say?

　　 A. What is it that　　 B．What it is that

　　 C. How is it that　　 D. How it is that

[考查目标]本题考查考生对特殊疑问句与强调句型混

合结构的运用能力。

[答案与解析]A　 本句为强调句型同时又是特殊疑问

句。选择时要注意两点：用疑问语序；特殊疑问词充当

say的宾语，必须使用代词what。

[考点2]What all these groups have in common is that

they ask to be treated with respect, share the rights to

work。good housing conditions and education and be trea-

ted equal to other people in all ways. 这些组织的共同之

处就是他们要求受到尊重，拥有工作。良好的住房条件

和受教育的权利。并且在各方面与其他人一样受到平

等的对待。

本句中，要注意what引导的主语从句和that引导的表

语从句。它们都是名词性从句。名词性从句包括四

种，即主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。

名词性从句常由that，who，whom，what，whether及

when，where引导。且必须是陈述句语序。例如：

That light travels in straight line is known to all. (主语

从句，That引导主语从句不可省)

It was my fault that I had him play football all after-

noon. (主语从句，通常以it作形式主语出现)

The reason why he was late was that he missed the

tram’by one minute this morning. (表语从句)

The teacher totd us that Tom had left us for America.

(宾语从句)

The idea that one can do the work without thinking is

wrong. (同位语从句，说明idea的具体内容)。

[考例2](2004上海)After Yang Liwei succeeded in

circling the earth, ____ our astronauts desire to dO

is walk in space.

　　 A. where　　 B. what

　　 C. that　　 D. how

[考查目标]本题考查考生对名词性从句的运用能力。

[答案与解析]B　 连词what引导主语从句，其中what

在主语从句中充当do的宾语。

[考点3]In the end the government lamyers in the capital

said that the bus company was wrong to separate blacks

from whites. 最后，该州首府的政府律师说，公共汽车公

司把黑人与白人分离开是错误的。

本句中，要注意separate...from 的用法。separate通常

是指把原来连在一起或靠近的事物“分离、分开”，也可

作形容词用，表示“单独的”。例如：

The electrician separated the broken wire from the oth-

ers. 电工把断了的电线和其他电线分开。

The word has two separate meanings. 那个单词有两种

不同的意思。

注意：divide...into 强调把一个整体分为若干部分。例

如：

Let's divide the cake into three. 我们将蛋糕分成三份

吧。

[考例3](2004上海) Hospital staff burst into cheers

after doctors completed a 20-hour operation to have

____ one-year-old twins at the head．

　　 A. isolated　　 B. separated

　　 C. divided　　 D. removed

[考查目标]本题考查考生对动词的辨析和运用能力。

[答案与解析]B　 isolate 表示“使……孤立”；separate

表示“把……分开(原本不是整体)”；divide表示“把整

体分成若干部分”；remove表示“把……移开”。根据本

题题义可以知道，需要填separate。

[考点4]In 1893, New Zealand became the first country

in the world to give women the right to vote. 在1893年。

新西兰成为世界上第一个赋予妇女选举权的国家。

本句中，要注意动词不定式作定语的用法。the first，

the last，the next等常可在后面跟不定式作定语。这

时，the first，the last，the next等常可用作代词。例

如：

He is always the first to come and the last to lcave. 他

总是第一个来，最后一个走。

T0day Tom was the first to finl’sh his homework. 今天

汤姆是第一个完成作业的。

[考例4](2003上海春招) She will teIl us why she feels

so strongly that each of us has a role ____ in mak-

ing the earth a better place to live.

　　 A. to have played　　 B. to play

　　 C. to be played　　 D. to be playing

[考查目标] 本题考查考生对动词不定式的运用能力。

[答案与解析]B　 play a role 表示“发挥作用，扮演角

色”。本题中，所给选项动词不定式在句中作定语，与

名词role存在着动宾关系，同时又与主语she存在着逻

辑上的主谓关系。须用动词不定式的主动形式表示被

动意义。

[牛刀小试3]