89. 为了按时完成任务，志愿者们正竭尽全力把复杂的问题简单化。(simplify)

88. 当你怀疑自己的时候，不要忘了最重要的是建立自信。(doubt)

87. 众所周知，他的成功完全是努力的结果。(due to)

86. 不经历风雨，怎能见彩虹。(without)

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

85. 父亲听到这个消息很兴奋。(excited)

　(C)

A weather map is an important tool for geographers. A succession of three or four maps presents a continuous picture of weather changes. Weather forecasters are able to determine the speed of air masses and fronts(冷暖空气团接触的锋)to determine whether an individual pressure area is deepening or becoming shallow and whether a front is increasing or decreasing in intensity. They are also able to determine whether an air mass is retaining its original characteristics or taking on those of the surface over which it is moving. Thus, a most significant function of the map is to reveal a synoptic picture of conditions in the atmosphere at a given time.

All students of geography should be able to interpret a weather map accurately. Weather maps contain an enormous amount of information about weather conditions existing at the time of observation over a large geographical area. They reveal in a few minutes what otherwise would take hours to describe. The United States Weather Bureau issues information about approaching storms, floods, frosts, droughts, and all climatic conditions in general. Twice a month it issues a 30-day “outlook” which is a rough guide to weather conditions likely to occur over broad areas of the United States. These 30-day outlooks are based upon an analysis of the upper air levels which often set the stage for the development of air masses, fronts, and storms.

Considerable effort is being exerted today to achieve more accurate weather predictions. With the use of electronic instruments and earth satellites, enormous gains have taken place recently in identifying and tracking storms over regions which have but few meteorological stations (气象站). Extensive experiments are also in progress for weather modification(改变)studies. But the limitations of modification have prevented meteorological results except in the seeding of super-cooled, upslope mountainous winds which have produced additional orographic (山岳形态的) precipitation on the windward side of mountain ranges. Nevertheless, they have provided a clearer understanding of the fundamentals of weather elements.

72.　 By reading weather maps, students majoring in geography can 　　　　.

　　 A. design a project of weather modification

　　 B. interpret the weather condition before the time of observation　

　　 C. obtain data on atmospheric conditions over a wide area　

　　 D. survey ever-changing fronts in local meteorological stations

73. 　　 A thirty-day forecast is determined by examining 　　　　.

　 A. daily weather maps 　　　　　　　 B. upper air levels

　　 C. satellite reports　　　　　　　　　　 D. changing fronts

74. 　　 The observation of weather conditions by satellites is advantageous because ______. A. electronic instruments are used

B. it enables man to alter the weather

C. it makes weather prediction more time-consuming

D. information not obtained readily otherwise can be gained

75. 　　 At the present time, experiments are being conducted in 　　　　.

　　 A. controlling and influencing weather

　　 B. determining density of pressure groups

　　 C. 30-day “outlooks”

　　 D. predicting storms

Section C

Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.

　 76.　

　 The first characteristic of an educated man is the precision of the use of the native language. When one hears English well spoken, with pure diction, correct pronunciation, and an almost unconscious choice of the right word, he recognizes it at once. How much easier he finds it to imitate English of the other sort.

　 77.

　　 When manners are artificial and forced, no matter what their form, they are bad manners. When, however, they are the natural expression of fixed habits of thought and action, and when they reveal a refined and cultivated nature, they are good manners. There are certain things that gentlemen do not do, and they do not do them simply because they are bad manners.

　 78.

　 Human beings for the most part live wholly on the surface or far beyond the present moment and that part of the future that is quickly to follow it. They do not read those works of prose and poetry which have become classic because they reveal power and habit of reflection and induce that power and habit in others. When one reflects long enough to ask the question how? He is on the way to knowing something about science.

　 79.

　　 An educated man continues to grow and develop from birth to his dying day. His interests expand, his contacts multiply, his knowledge increases, and his reflection becomes deeper and wider. It would appear to be true that not many human beings, even those who have had a school and college education, continue to grow after they are twenty-four or twenty-five years of age. By that time it is usual to settle down to life on a level of more or less contented intellectual interest and activity. The whole present-day movement for adult education is a systematic and definite attempt to keep human beings growing long after they have left school and college, and therefore, to help educate them.

　 80.

　　 The more visionary dreamer, however charming or however wise, lacks something that an education requires. The power to do may be exercised in any one of a thousand ways, but when it clearly shows itself, that is evidence that the period of discipline of study and of companionship with parents and teachers has not been in vain.

SectionD

Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.

Exceptional children are different in some significant ways from others of the same age. For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.

Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves describing their environment as well. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself. Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society’s understanding — the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation.

Education in any society is a mirror of that society. In that mirror we can see the strengths, the weaknesses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.

“All men are created equal,” we heard it many times, but it still has important meaning for education in a democratic society. Although the phrase was used by this country’s founders to indicate equality before the law, it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity. That concept implies educational opportunity for all children — the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capability, whether that capability is small or great. Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children — disabled or not — to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs.

(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS.)

81. This passage is concerned primarily with the necessity of adapting ________________.

82. What affects the growth of exceptional children according to the author?

83. People have shown great interest in the education of exceptional children over the last three decades because they believe that ________________________________________.

84. According to the passage, what does “All men are created equal” mean to the country’s founders?

第II卷 (共 45 分)

　(B)

Martin Luther King, Jr., is well known for his work in civil rights and for his many famous speeches, among them his moving “I Have a Dream” speech. But few people know much about King’s childhood, Martin Luther as he was called was born in 1929, in Atlanta, Georgia, at the home of his maternal grandfather. Martin Luther’s grandfather, the Reverend A.D. Williams, purchased their home on Auburn Avenue in 1909, 28 years before Martin Luther was born. The Reverend A.D. Williams, an eloquent speaker, played an important role in the community because so many people’s lives centered around the church. He allowed his church and his home to be used as a meeting place for a number of organizations dedicated to the education and social advancement of blacks. Martin Luther grew up in this atmosphere, with his home being used as community gathering place, and was no doubt influenced by it.

Martin Luther’s childhood was not especially memorable. His father was a minister and his mother was a musician. He was the second of three children, and he attended all-black schools in a black neighbourhood. The neighbourhood was not poor, however, Auburn Avenue was the main artery through a prosperous neighbourhood that he had come to symbolize achievement for Atlanta’s black people. It was area of banks, insurance companies, builders, jewelers, tailors, doctors, lawyers and other black-owned or black-operated businesses and services. Even in the face of Atlanta’s segregation (种族隔离), district thrived. Dr. King never forgot the community spirit he had known as a child, nor did he forget the racial prejudice(歧视) that was a seemingly insurmountable barrier that kept black Atlantans from mingling with whites.

68. 　　 This passage mainly gives an account of ______.

　　 A. the prejudice that existed in Atlanta　　 B. Martin Luther’s grandfather

　　 C. Martin Luther King’s childhood　　　 D. the neighbourhood where King grew up

69. 　　 According to the author, King was influenced by ______.

　　 A. community spirit　　　　　　 B. black lawyer

C. his mother　　　　　　　　　　　 D. his grandfather’s speeches

70. 　　 The word “mingling” in paragraph 2 is the closest in meaning to ______.

　　 A. interfering　　　 B. consuming　　　　 C. associating　　　 D. meeting

71. 　　 This passage tells us that Martin Luther King, Jr. ______.

　　 A. had a difficult childhood

　　 B. was a good musician when he was a boy

　　 C. loved to listen to his grandfather speak

　　 D. grew up in a relatively rich area of Atlanta

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

People with a positive attitude toward aging can adjust very well when individual circumstances change. Their positive outlook allows them to 　50　 　to the inevitable physical and biochemical changes of the body that are associated with the natural 　51　 　of aging. With a healthy outlook on the golden years, even unpredictable setbacks and disabilities can be managed 　52　 .

Individual genetic makeup (基因构造) explains the great 　53　 　in the aging rate. Some seniors experience more challenges than others of the same age, and some seniors continue to function better than many younger people. But genetics only 　54　 　about 30 percent of aging. Most of the changes we associate with age 　55　 　factors such as diet and exercise habits; lifestyle issues, including over 　56　 　of alcohol and tobacco, and psychological traits.

We can make healthy lifestyle choices by staying 　57　 　both physically and mentally and by 　58　 　a healthy diet. Some of the setbacks associated with advancing age such as 　59　 　eyesight, loss of hearing, forgetfulness, weakness can be forestalled with some active intervention(干预).

Growing older does not always mean you see poorly. Many older people have 　60　 　good eyesight well into their eighties and beyond. However, the single greatest contributor to vision loss is a lifetime of 　61　 　to damaging ultraviolet (紫外线) radiation in sunlight.

Carotenoids(类胡萝卜素), a nutrient found in brightly colored vegetables and fruits, are powerful protectors against free-radical damage. Research shows that simply eating leafy greens and other foods rich in these protective nutrients can 　62　 　vision loss.

Problems with hearing can create 　63　 　and insecurity in later years. One of the major causes of age-related hearing loss is damage to the hair cells in the inner ear that transmit sounds to the brain. These hair cells and their nerve endings can be damaged by infections, genetic diseases, or treatment with certain drugs. The most common cause, 　64　 , is loud noise.

50. A. stick 　　　　　 B. devote　　　　　 C. adapt　　　　　　 D. lead

51. A. progress　　 B. process　　　 C. program　　　 D. project

52. A. successfully B. purposefully C. unwillingly　　　 D. carefully

53. A. surprise　　 B. variation　　　　 C. increase　　 D. possibility

54. A. relies on　　　　 B. accounts for C. results from　　 D. lies in

55. A. involve in　　　 B. relate to　　　　 C. combine with D. substitute for

56. A. reputation　　　 B. enjoyment 　　　 C. consumption　 D. encouragement

57. A. active 　　　 B. calm　　　　 C. efficient　　　　 D. diligent

58. A. maintaining　　　 B. feeding　　　 C. surviving　　　　 D. controlling

59. A. keen 　　　　　　 B. failing　　　　　 C. sharp　　　　　　 D. remote

60. A. generally　　　　 B. frequently　　　 C. relatively　　　 D. occasionally

61. A. contribution B. introduction C. explanation　　　 D. exposure

62. A. cure　　　　 B. relieve　　　　　 C. reduce　　　　　 D. suffer

63. A. communication　　 B. isolation　　　　 C. competition　　　 D. occupation

64. A. therefore　　　　 B. otherwise　　　　 C. moreover　　 D. however

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

From snow-clogged mountain roads to desert highways, freeways to crowded city streets, Californians face a variety of tough driving conditions. But thanks to savvy driving, they consume proportionately less gasoline the rest of the nation. Here, some tips from the Golden State that will help drivers all over the country to get up to 25% more miles per gallon! By SUSAN NESTOR

FREEWAY FRENZY

● Try to maintain a steady speed — especially on freeways and expressways. Never exceed a steady 55 mph. Varying speed by as little as 5mph can reduce mileage by 1.5 miles per gallon. Avoid constant lane changes to “get ahead.”

● Buy radial tyres. If you do a lot of expressway driving, they can increase mileage by as much as 10%. Your fuel savings will pay for the higher tyre price.

ON CITY STREETS

● Plan your route. City driving consumes about 50% more fuel than highway driving (100% more in crowed traffic). Always choose a route with synchronized traffic signals to get the best run for your money.

● Avoid unnecessary braking. Anticipate(预期)traffic light changes; it takes a lot of extra gas to get the car up to speed again.

COLD

● In winter, keep the car in a garage. It will start up easier, and start-up time is when you use the most gasoline. No garage? Cover the engine compartment with an old blanket or rug to shield it from cold winds; remove before starting up.

● Remove all ice and snow. Driving in snow consumes more gas anyway; no sense hauling around extra weight.

65. 　　 All these above are ______ for drivers.

A. notices　　　 B. tips 　　　　　　 C. lessons　　 D. advertisements　

66. 　　 Highway driving can use about ______ fuel than city driving.

A. 20% more 　　　　 B. 20% less　　　 　 C. 50% more　　 D. 50% less

67. 　　 Which of the following is TRUE?

　　 A. In winter, you will have difficulty starting up a car if it is kept in a garage.

B. Drivers should avoid necessary breaking and constant lane changes.

C. A steady 65 mph is the ideal speed to save gasoline.

D. Radial tyres can help increase mileage in expressway driving.

40. 　　 ______along either bank of Huangpu River, trees and flowers added beauty to the newly-decorated bund.

A. Planting　　 B. Planted　　　 C. To plant　　 D. To be planted

Section B

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Why does a woman have the last (and longest) laugh? The answer is that women enjoy a joke more once they get it. If you tell a woman a joke and get a blank look, don’t 　41　 　despair. She’s just taking her time to understand it. But if the punchline(妙语)does eventually make her laugh it will be 　42　 　the wait.

Scientists have found that while women are slower than men at getting jokes, they enjoy them more when they truly understand. Research shows that women use their brain more than men to process witty 　43　 　and have less expectation that they will be funny.

When a joke does hit the right 　44　 , however, women derive more pleasure from it. Scientists asked ten men and ten women to look at dozens of black and white cartoons and rate them on a “funniness scale”. During the process they underwent sophisticated scans that mapped which parts of their brain were lighting up and timed how long it took them to 　45　 　to a joke. The women tended to use 　46　 　parts of their brain. Professor Allan Reiss said: “We found greater activity in the parts of their brain in women, showing women are processing stimuli that 　47　 　language areas of the brain.”

The 　48　 　of a “feelgood” brain region also revealed that men and women have different attitudes to humour. Experts said: “Women appeared to have less expectation of a reward. So they were more pleased about it.” The funnier the cartoon, the more the women’s parts of their brain lit up. This was not the case for men. The women took 　49　 　longer than the men to react to jokes that were funny — but were quicker to spot the “truth”.

39. 　　 — I’ve read another essay this week.　

　 　 — Well, maybe _______ is not how much you read but what you read that matters.

A. this　　　　 B. that　　　　 C. there　　　　　　 D. it