6.She bore the b____ __ of caring for her sick mother.
5.How did he ___ ___(反应) to your suggestion?
4.We sold our house at a __ ____ (利润).
3.The scientist decided he didn’t want to be a__ ____ with the project, and left.
2.I was ____ __(烦) with him because he kept interrupting.
1.We were ready to the the b___ ___ for what had happened.
(二)定语的表现形式
定语一般可由形容词、分词(短语)、名词、代词、数词、名词所有格、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词和从句等充当。
(1)形容词
Guilin is a beautiful city.桂林是一座美丽的城市。
A bright future shines before our eyes.光照的未来展现在我们眼前。
(2)分词(短语)
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.
中国是一个发展中国家,美国是一个发达国家。
Who is the man shaking hands with our teacher?和我们老师握手的那个人是谁?
This is the bridge built last year.这是去年建的那座桥。
(3)名词
There are thirty women teachers in our school.我们学校有30名女教师。
They are going to put up a wall newspaper next week.他们打算下周出墙报。
(4)代词
His rapid progress in English made us surprised.
他在英语方面的快速进步使我们很吃惊。
Do you know the student whose English pronunciation is the best in your class?
你知道你们班上英语发音最好的那个学生吗?
(5)数词
More than thirty students in our class have read the book.
我们班三十多个学生读过这本书。
The teacher asked the students to copy the third paragraph of the text.
老师让学生抄写课文的第3段。
(6)名词所有格
You should follow the doctor’s advice and do more exercises.
你应该听从医生的建议,多运动。
Mary’s parents have gone abroad.玛丽的父母出国了。
(7)不定式
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.
我们的班长总是第一个走进教室。
I can’t go with you. I still have a lot of work to do.
我不能和你去。我仍有许多工作要做。
(8)动名词
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.
下学期的教学计划已制定好。
You mustn’t take the magazine out of the reading room.
你不要把杂志带出阅览室。
(9)介词短语
He is reading an article about how to learn English.
他正在读一篇有关如何学习英语的文章。
Who is the girl in red?穿红衣服的那个姑娘是谁?
(10)副词(多位于被修饰词之后)
A noise outside made him turn around.外面的喧闹声使他转过身来。
The man in the room below is friendly.楼下房间的那人很友好。
(11)从句
There is nothing that worries him.没有什么事使他烦恼。
I will remember the day when I first met her.我将记住第一次遇见她的那一天。
注:如果作定语的是形容词、代词、名词等,通常位于所修饰的词之前,但如果作定语的是介词短语或动词不定式,则位于所修饰词之后。
如:
Her father is a famous doctor.她父亲是个著名的医生。(代词、形容词作定语)
I’ve got an important meeting to attend.我有一个重要会议要参加。(形容词、动词不定式作定语)
People in the park were enjoying the warm sunshine.公园的人正享受着暖和的阳光。(介词短语、形容词作定语)
[考点透视 考例精析]
[考例1] It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ______ at the meeting by my boss.
A.questioning B.having questioned
C.questioned D. to be questioned
[解析] C 本题考查分词用法。when+分词(doing/done)作状语,question vt.“对……提出疑问”,相当于when I was questioned。
[考例2] If you can’t come tomorrow,we’ll ______ have to hold the meeting next week.
A.yet B.even C.rather D.just
[解析] D yet作“还”讲常置于句末,even“甚至”,rather“相当”,语义不符语境。just(口语)用以加强语气,“甚至”之意,故选D。
[考例3] ----How long are you staying?
----I don’t know. _______ .
A.That’s OK B.Never mind C.It depends D.It doesn’t matter
[解析] C 本题考查交际用语与惯用法。It (just) depends是口语,意思是说“看看再说,视情况而定”合乎题意。其他几个不符语境。
[考例4] It was not a serious illness, and she soon ______it.
A. got over B.got on with C.got around D.got out of
[解析] A 本题考查动词短语用法辨析。A项意为“从(病、损失等)中恢复过来”。B项是“与……相处”或“某事进展如何”。C项为“(在某处)走一走,看一看”。D项为“逃避,追逐放弃”。根据句意,应选A项。
[基础演练]
(一)定语的定义
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。
2.定语
1.宾语补足语
(一)宾语补足语的定义
英语中有些及物动词,除了一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有:make(使),consider(认为),cause(引起),see(看见),find(发现),call(称为,叫做),get(让,使得),have(让,使得),let(让)等。
如:
Electricity can make a machine run。电能使机器运转。
We consider(或think) the answer (to be) correct.我们认为这个答案是对的。
What he said made me very angry.他的话使我很生气。
(二)宾语补足语的表现形式
带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等)+直接宾语(名词或代词)+宾语补足语。
宾语补足语在句中的9种表示法:
(1)用名词(包括名词性物主代词)表示
His father named him Tom.他父亲给他取名汤姆。
We consider Mr Zhang an excellent teacher.我们认为张先生是位优秀的老师。
(2)用形容词及其短语表示
They painted their boat white.他们把船漆成了白色。
We believed the report untrue.我们确认这个报告不真实。
I saw him young and strong, and now he is old and worn.
我看到他的时候,他年轻强壮,现在他已年老体弱。
(3)用不定式及其短语表示
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.他不应该强迫他借钱给你。
Nobody noticed him enter the room.没有人注意到他进了屋子。
注:see, have, let, make, watch, notice, hear, observe等动词后的宾语补足语用不定式表示时,不可加to。help后的不定式可带也可不带to。
(4)用现在分词及其短语表示
We saw her entering the room.我们看见她正走进那个房间。
I heard her singing an English song.我听见她在唱英语歌曲。
(5)用过去分词及其短语表示
They found Guilin greatly changed.他们发现桂林变化很大。
At that time we were there and saw it done.那时我们在那儿,并看见这事被做完。
注:过去分词作宾语补足语时,宾语和它的关系是被动关系。
(6)用as引出宾语补足语
We take English as a useful tool for research work.
我们把英语当作研究工作的一种有用的工具。
I look upon him as my teacher.我把他看成我的老师。
(7)用介词短语表示
We found everything in the laboratory in good order.
我们发觉实验室内每件东西都放得井井有条。
Whenever you may go, you will find him at work.
不论什么时候去,你都可以看见他在工作。
(8)用副词表示
Let the fresh air in.让新鲜空气进来。
I saw him out with his father.我看见他和他父亲外出了。
(9)用从句表示
We will soon make our city what your city is now.
我们不久就要把我们的城市发展成你们城市目前的那个样子。
The plant has its own name. You cannot call it what you will.
这种植物有自己的名称。你不能随便称呼它什么。
注:能在复合宾语中先用形式宾语it,然后再用真正宾语的动词并不多,常见的有think, find, consider, judge, feel, make, take等。
They thought it right to do this test.
他们原以为做这项试验是对的。(后面不定式为真正宾语)
We all think it our duty that we should support him.
我们都认为支持他是我们的职责。(后面从句是真正宾语)
We find it necessary to master a foreign language.
我们认为掌握一门外语是有必要的。(后面不定式短语为真正宾语)
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