20.略

结合教学内容，设计针对练习(以江苏高考卷为模板)，尽量包含可能的考查内容。

考试欲轻松，“创导”帮你行，愿莘莘学子在本册的使用中提高自己的知识素养和练习能力，为自己的语文学习和考试插上成功的翅膀。

本书编辑　　 杨　 赟

2009年9月 于沛中

为学生语文积累和知识建构提供一个简洁明了的版块。

IV. EARTH SUMMIT

　 In 1992, more than 100 heads of state met in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil for the first international Earth Summit convened to address urgent problems of environmental protection and socio-economic development. The assembled leaders signed the Convention on Climate Change and the Convention on Biological Diversity, endorsed the Rio Declaration and the Forest Principles, and adopted Agenda 21, a 300 page plan for achieving sustainable development in the 21st century.

The Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) was created to monitor and report on implementation of the Earth Summit agreements. It was agreed that a five year review of Earth Summit progress would be made in 1997 by the United Nations General Assembly meeting in special session. This special session of the UN General Assembly took stock of how well countries, international organizations and sectors of civil society have responded to the challenge of the Earth Summit.

III. What is World Environment Day? World Environment Day was established by the United Nations General Assembly in 1972 to raise environmental awareness and to encourage action to protect the environment.

2. - Do you know Tom bought a new car?

　 　　　　- I don't know, _______.

　 　　　　A. nor don't I care　 　　　　 　　B. nor do I care　

　 　　　　C. I don't care neither　 　　　　 D. I don't care also

　　　　　 答案为B。 Not until 引导从句位于句首，后面的主句要倒装。

答案为B。句中的nor引出部分倒装结构，表示"也不"。由 so, neither, nor引导的倒装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其中, so用于肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中。

　　　　 典型例题　

　 　　　- Why can't I smoke here?

　　　 　- At no time _______ in the meeting-room.

　　　　 A. is smoking permitted　　 B. smoking is permitted

　　　　 C. smoking is it permitted　 D. does smoking permit

　　　　 答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.

　　　　 Not until the early years of the 19th century _______ what heat is.

A. man did know　 　　 　　　　　B. man know　

C. didn't man know　 　　　　　　　 D. did man know

　　　　 答案D. 看到Not until…的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D 中选一个。改写为正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。

　 　　　典型例题

　 　　No sooner _______ than it began to rain heavily.

　 　　A. the game began　　 　　 　　　 B. has the game begun

　 　　C. did the game begin　　 　 D. had the game begun

　　　 答案D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not only…but (also), no sooner…than, hardly… when scarcely… when等等。

　　　 注意：只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。

Not only you but also I am fond of music.

II. About World Day for Water

The United Nations General Assembly adopted resolution A/RES/47/193 of 22 December 1992 by which 22 March of each year was declared World Day for Water, to be observed starting in 1993, in conformity with the recommendations of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) contained in Chapter 18 (Fresh Water Resources) of Agenda 21. States were invited to devote the Day, as appropriate in the national context, to concrete activities such as the promotion of public awareness through the publication and diffusion of documentaries and the organization of conferences, round tables, seminars and expositions related to the conservation and development of water resources and the implementation of the recommendations of Agenda 21.

　 　　　　　In front of them stood a great castle.

　 　　　　On the bed lay a sick old man.

　 　　　　Under the tree sat an old man.

　　　　 Seated on the ground are some young men.

　 　　　　Lying on the floor was a boy.

　　　　 典型例题：

1. Not until I began to work ______ how much time I had wasted.　

　 　　　　A. didn't I realize　 　　　　　　 B. did I realize　

　 　　　　C. I didn't realize　　 　　　　　 D. I realize

　 　　　　So loudly did he speak that he was heard upstairs.

　 　　　　So angry was he that he couldn’t speak.

　 　　　　So hard does he study that he is the best in the class.

　 　　　　Such was the force of the explosion that all the windows were broken.

　 　　　　Such was his strength that he could bend iron bars.

　　　　　 注：such和be连用作表语时，也常用倒装语序，

　 　　　　　Such was the result.

　 　　　　　Such were her words.

　 　　　　　Such was the story he told.

　 　　　　　not, never, hardly, seldom, little, rarely,　

　 　　　　　scarcely, not until, not only…but also…,

　 　　　　　neither…nor… no　 sooner…than…,

　 　　　　　hardly…when …, scarcely…when

　 　　　　　Never shall I forget the day.

　 　　　　　Not until I began to work did I realize Ihad wasted much time.

　 　　　　　Not only did he read the book, but also he remembered what he had read.

　　 　　　　No sooner had he arrived than he fell ill.

　 　　　　　Hardly / Scarcely had he arrived when he fell ill.

　 　　　　注：上面所说的词和词组如果不在句首，句子不必用倒装语序。

　　 　　　另外，not only…but also连接两个主语时, 不用倒装，如：

　　 　　　　Not only the students, but also the teacher wishes for a holiday.

　 　　　　　Only in this way can you hope to improve the situation there.

　 　　　　　Only then did I realize that I was wrong.

　 　　　　　Only once did his father discuss his future with him.

　 　　　　　Only yesterday did I realize what was going on.

　 　　　　　Only after he came back was I able to see him.

　 　　　　注：only修饰主语，仍用自然语序，如：

　　　 　　Only socialism can save China.