4.与大气压强不同,气体压强产生的原因是大量分子对器壁频繁碰撞的结果,而不是由气体重力产生。气体压强与分子运动速率有关,还与气体压强与单位体积内的分子数目有关。
3.热力学第二定律:热力学第二定律有多种表达,这里我们主要掌握两种常见的形式:
①按照热传导的方向性表述:热量不可能自发地由低温物体传给高温物体,而不引起其他变化。
②按照机械能与内能转化过程的方向性来表述:不可能从单一热源吸收热量并把它全部用来做功,而又不产生其它变化。由此我们容易得到热力学第二定律的实质:自然界中进行的一切与热现象有关的宏观过程都具有方向性。其含义是:宏观过程能自动地向某一个方向进行,而不引起其它变化,但只要允许产生其它变化,也不是不能向其逆方向进行。热力学第二定律也可以简单地说,即第二类永动机是不可能制成的。
2.分子力特点:同时存在着引力和斥力,且都随间距的增大而减小,随间距的减小而增大;但斥力变化地更快.而分子势能的变化规律:当分子力表现为引力时,分子势能随分子间距的增大而增大;当分子力表现为斥力时,分子势能随分子间距的增大而减少.分子势能存在一个最低点,即在平衡位置处.
1.布朗运动是悬浮在液体中的微粒的无规则运动,它反映了液体分子的无规则运动,但布朗运动绝对不是分子的运动。这一现象是由液体分子撞击固体颗粒的不平衡造成的,布朗运动与颗粒的大小以及液体或气体的温度有关。
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
假如你叫王丽,是一位高中生。请你用英语给报社写一封信,反映如下情况并谈谈你的想法:
现在有很多学生使用手机一是认为这是种时髦;二是认为便于跟家人和朋友联系。
一些学生把手机带进教室,在课堂上经常听见手机的铃声,破坏课堂纪律。
有的同学还在课堂上发短信息,浪费宝贵的时间。
建议:教室是学习的地方,需要安静;学生不应该在教室中使用手机;应该集中注意力学习。(附:自己再想一条建议)
注意: 1. 信的开头和结尾已给出;2. 字数: 100 左右; 3. 参考词汇 :集中(注意力) concentrate on
Dear Editor,
I'm a senior high student ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Wang Li
答案及解析
21-35. DDBDB ACDBA BBBDA 36-55. ADBBC DCCBA DACDA DBBCA
56-70. BCBDA CACCB DACDA 71-75 BDFAE
改错:a-an; changed前加have; I-We; happy-happily; cold-colder; time-times;
have-去掉; how--what; leaving-left; don't-can't
One possible version:
Dear Editor,
I'm a senior high student. Now many students use mobile phones .They think it's a fashion to use mobile phones .Besides, it's very convenient to get in touch with their families and friends by using mobile phones. But some students break the rules in class. They bring their mobile phones to the classroom and we often hear the ring of mobile phones in class. Some of them even waste precious time in class typing short messages on the mobile phones.
In my opinion, the classroom is a place for students to gain knowledge .Therefore quietness is badly needed for us to learn our lessons .Those with mobile phones shouldn't take mobile phones to the classroom. We are supposed to concentrate on our studies. The school should make a rule to forbid the students to use mobile phones in the classroom.
Yours sincerely,
Wang Li
第一节 短文改错(每小题1分,共10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在其下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Dear Ralph,
I am an university student. I once thought life at the university must be excellent,
but now I changed my mind. I have three roommates, and I was the last one
to move into the dormitory. Last term, I got along peacefully and happy. But I find
they are not willing to be with me now. They don't talk with me, and they've
become cold toward me. Many time, I have wanted to talk with them about how I
felt like, but I failed to find an opening. When leaving alone, I always recall this
sadness. But I am an honest student. Why don't I win true friendship?
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