2、(1)羧基、醚键

(2)(或或)

(3)

(4)

考查点4、5答案：

(1)对苯二甲酸　　　　　　 (2)HX　 ；

(3)

(4)取代 ；　 9

考查6答案

(1)①醛比酮容易发生该反应；

②苯基酮极难发生该反应；

③羰基所连的碳上氢原子越少或取代基越多或取代基的碳原子数越多，越难反应；

④取代基为两个乙基时，难以发生该反应。 (任写三条)

(2)① 一卤代乙酸的酸性按F、Cl、Br、I的顺序依次减弱。

② 含有相同卤素原子的卤代乙酸的酸性随卤素原子个数的增多而增强。

③ 卤素原子离羧基越远，一卤代饱和脂肪酸的酸性越弱。(任写两个)

1．(2008上海)霉酚酸酯(MMF)是器官移植中抑制细胞增殖

　 最常用的药物。下列关于说法正确的是

　　　 A．MMF能溶于水　　　　　　 　　　　

B．MMF能发生取代反应和消去反应

　　　 C．1molMMF能与6mol氢气发生加成反应 　　　　　　　　　　　

D．1molMMF能与含3molNaOH的水溶液完全反应

2．维生素C的结构简式如右图，有关它的叙述错误的是

A．是一个环状的酯类化合物　　　　　 

B．易起氧化及加成反应

C．易溶于水　　　　　　　　　　　　 

D．在碱性溶液中能稳定地存在

有机专题复习练习答案

考查点1答案：(1)CH₂=C(CH₃)COOH；取代反应

　　　 (2) ①

　　　 (3)

　　　 (4)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　　　

　(5) 3

考查点2答案：(1) BF

H+

(2)

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 + H₂O　　　　 H₃PO₄ +　　　　　　　　　

　

(3)　　　　　　　 　

△

　

　　　　　　　　　 +2Ag(NH₃)₂OH -→　　　　　　　　 +2Ag↓+3NH₃+H₂O

考查点3答案：1、⑴酯基．碳碳双键．苯环　　 ⑵加成(加聚)　

⑶

n

⑷C₁₈H₁₆O₄(2分)

2、(2009江苏)多沙唑嗪盐酸盐是一种用于治疗高血压的药物。多沙唑嗪的合成路线如下：

(1)写出D中两种含氧官能团的名称：　　　 　和　　 　　　。

(2)写出满足下列条件的D的一种同分异构体的结构简式　　　　　　　 。

①苯的衍生物，且苯环上的一取代产物只有两种；②与Na₂CO₃溶液反应放出气体；

③水解后的产物才能与FeCl₃ 溶液发生显色反应。

(3)E→F的反应中还可能生成一种有机副产物，该副产物的结构简式为　　　　 。

(4)由F制备多沙唑嗪的反应中要加入试剂X(C₁₀H₁₀N₃O₂Cl)，X的结构简式为　 　　　　　　。

考查点4：有机物的命名和同分异构体(含苯环有机物)考查点5：质量守恒定律的应用

③

②

以下由A→G的合成路线叫做“Krohnke反应”：

①

A物质中与苯环相连的“-CH₂X”是卤代基。请回答下列问题：

(1)物质A在酸性KMnO₄溶液中两个侧链均可被氧化，其有机产物的名称叫做 ________ ；

(2)反应②产物中D物质的化学式为　　　　　 ；用足量的H₂还原吡啶，所得的产物的结构简式为　　　　　　　　　 。

(3)物质G与银氨溶液反应的化学方程式为：　　　　　　　　　　　 。

(4)物质A与烧碱溶液共热的反应类型属于　　　　　　 反应，其生成物再与HCOOH 反应生成一种芳香酯，它的同分异构体中苯环上连有“-CH₃”且属于二取代芳香酯的共有_________种

考查6：信息的接受、吸收、整合(运用新信息解决问题，官能团的相互影响(即反应规律的归纳和运用))

(1)(广东省中山市2009年高考模拟考试)己知羰基化合物与饱和NaHSO₃溶液可以发生以下反应：

　

羰基化合物和饱和NaHSO₃的反应速率如下：

羰基化合物	CH3CHO	CH3COCH3	C2H5COCH3	CH3CH2CH2COCH3
产率(1小时内)	88.7	56.2	36.4	23.4
羰基化合物	(CH3)2CHCOCH3	(CH3)3CCOCH3	C2H5COC2H5	C6H5COCH3
产率(1小时内)	12.3	5.6	2	1

可见，取代基对羰基化合物和NaHSO₃反应的影响有(写出3条即可)

　 ①　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ，

②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ，

　 ③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 。

(2)(2008年广州一模2)

pKa常用于表示物质的酸性强弱，pKa的数值越小，该物质的酸性越强。已知卤素原子对饱和脂肪酸的酸性影响具有相似性。25℃时一些卤代饱和脂肪酸的pKa数值如下：

卤代酸	F3CCOOH	Cl3CCOOH	F2CHCOOH	FCH2COOH	︱ Cl 　 CH3CH2 CHCOOH
pKa	0.23	0.65	1.24	2.66	2.85
卤代酸	ClCH2COOH	BrCH2COOH	ICH2COOH	︱ Cl 　 CH3 CHCH2COOH	ClCH2CH2CH2COOH
pKa	2.86	2.90	3.18	4.06	4.52

可见，25℃时卤素原子对卤代饱和脂肪酸的酸性影响有(写出2条即可)：

①___________________________________________________________________；

②___________________________________________________________________；

根据上述数据和规律判断， Cl₂CHCOOH的pKa的数值范围为______________。

附：有关有机物溶解性练习

1、光刻胶是大规模集成电路．印刷电路板和激光版技术中的关键材料。某一肉桂酸型光刻胶的主要成分A经光照固化转变为B。

A　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B

⑴请写出A中含有的官能团名称　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 。

⑵A经光照固化转变为B，发生了　　 　　　　　反应(填反应类型)。

⑶写出A与NaOH溶液反应的化学方程式　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 。

⑷写出B在酸性条件下水解得到的芳香族化合物的分子式　　　　　　　　　 。

第二节：书面表达(满分25分)

假如你校最近就家长应该如何对待孩子的问题进行了调查，结果如下。请根据表1中提供的信息描述调查结果，并针对表2的其中一个数据所反映的情况写出你的看法。

注意：1、文章的开头已经给出。

　　　 2、词数不少于100.

　　　　　　　　　　　　　 我喜欢的父母对我的行为(表1)

行为	比例
表扬	22%
信任	35%
平等交谈	31%

　　　　　　　　　　　　 我不满意父母对我的行为(表2)

行为	比例
训斥	23%
管得太多	37%
期待太高	32%

生词：图标 chart

　　 Recently our school has conducted a survey among the student about how parents treat their children.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　

高二听力原文

(Text1)

W: Didn’t you and Oliver go to the football match last weekend?

M: Oliver did, but I was attending an important meeting in New York.

(Text2)

W: Don’t you know that you are an hour late?

M: I’m terribly sorry, Joan. My car broke down on the way and I got so dirty trying to repair it. I had to go home to change my clothes.

(Text3)

W: Did you hear that Susan’s plane is caught in snow in New York?

M: I suggested that she take a train. But she wouldn’t listen.

(Text4)

W: OK, Nick, it’s your turn to do the washing-up.

M: I’ll be there. I want to finish watching the news.

(Text5)

W: You didn’t go to Georgia’s dinner party last night. How come?

M: I had already accepted another invitation before she told me about her party.

W: She was really disappointed. She was looking forward to seeing you.

(Text6)

M: Hi, Mary Smith! I haven’t seen you for ages. How have you been?

W: John, John Brown! It has been a long time, hasn’t it? It must be at least a year.

M: No, we talked at Johnson’s Christmas party last December. Don’t you remember?

W: That’s right. Well, how are you? Still working for the food company?

M: No, I changed my job about three months ago. I’m in the National Bank now. How about you?

W: I’m still teaching at the university, but I moved from the German department to the Spanish department.

M: Don’t tell me you speak Spanish, too.

W: Sure, I grew up in Spain, you know. German was what I studied in college, but my Spanish is much better.

M: All I’ve managed to learn is a little Chinese.

W: Well, how is your family? Are the children all in school now?

M: No, Billy is still at home. Tom is in the third grade and Jane’s in the second.

W: Our two children haven’t started school yet either. But Sue will go in the fall.

(Text7)

W: I suppose you’ve heard about John?

M: No, has something happened to him?

W: Nothing bad. He got the new position that he applied for last year.

M: In London? Great! He has hardly talked about anything else since he put in for that post. When will he leave?

W: Next Sunday.

M: You mean a week from tomorrow?

W: That is right. I’m having a going-away party for him on Friday evening. I hope you can make it.

M: I’ll sure try. Now that he is going to be living in London, I might finally get the chance to visit over there. I hope he finds a big flat with an extra bedroom.

(Text8)

M: Ted Harris.

W: Ah, it’s Diana Shaw.

M: How are things?

W: Fine.

M: I’m ringing about Mr. Welborn’s visit. Has he arrived?

W: Yes. He arrived yesterday morning. I picked him up at the airport.

M: Ah, have you shown him around the company?

W: Yes, I have. I did that yesterday afternoon.

M: And he’s met the marketing manager?

W: Yes, they met in the morning and they had lunch together.

M: Right, how about the meeting with the quality manager? Have you arranged the meeting?

W: No, I’m afraid not. You see, Mr. Smith wasn’t in his office yesterday. I’ll do that as soon as I can.

(Text9)

W: What are you reading, Paul?

M: Oh, it’s a book about science.

W: Why are you reading on Friday evening?

M: Because I’ve got to write a report this weekend.

W: What are you going to do when you graduate?

M: I’d like to get a job abroad, I think. What are you going to do when you graduate?

W: I’m going to spend a few weeks touring Britain, then I’m going back to Canada, I suppose.

M: What is John going to do?

W: I think he’s going to open a shop of “Pretty Feet” in London. Now he is in Italy. He’s coming back tomorrow. By the way, what are you and Sue doing on Saturday evening?

M: We haven’t decided yet. Why?

W: Well, I thought we could cook another of our famous suppers and invite John and Sue.

M: Oh, no! Sorry, Barbara, but I really have to read this book.

(Text10)

Eric Clapton is one of the most successful rock stars of all time. He has sold millions of copies of his records and has appeared in concerts all over the world.

Clapton was born in 1950 in a small town near London. When he was only two years old, his mother left him. Eric was brought up by his grandparents. Until he was nine he believed that they were his parents and it was a terrible shock when he found out that they weren’t. But his grandparents treated him well. They paid for him to go to art college. But Eric had already become interested in music and he started playing the guitar in bars and clubs.

Clapton first became famous when he started a group called Cream. He could not only play the guitar and sing but could also write excellent songs. But while on stage he was the brilliant guitar-playing superstar, his private life was falling apart. After his marriage broke down, he started taking drugs.

第一节：短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)

此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行作出判断：　 　

　　 如无错误，在该行右边横线上画一个勾(√)I如有错误(每行只有一个错误)，则按下列情况改正：

　　 此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。

　　 此行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(^)，在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。

　　 此行错一个词：在错的词下画一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。

注意：原行没有错的不要改。

As we know that, TV plays an important part in our	76
daily life. It’s quicker and more conveniently to get	77
information from TV than from newspapers. Providing	78
us with lively and interesting moving pictures, TV enabled	79
us not only to see what is happening in the world but	80
learn many things, included foreign languages. So it	81
is not reasonable to forbid students to watch TV. And	82
watching TV too long is not good. Sitting in the front of TV	83
all day does harm to our eyes and waste our time for study.	84
So we should take a correct attitude to students watch TV.	85